Modificação de amido de mandioca com peróxido de hidrogênio e ácido lático em diferentes processos de secagem

The oxidized cassava starch is widely used in various industrial sectors, the major textile, paper and more recently by the food industry due to its characteristics, such as expansion property to baking. This study aimed to develop a modification of cassava starch by reaction with hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, with two different types of drying, in the sun and in oven dried, in order to develop the expansion with increase of carboxyl groups and to evaluate differences between the types of drying and compare them with Expandex® starch and pre-gelatinized. The results indicated an increase in the rate of expansion of the modified starch dry in the sun, however the results of the content carboxylic groups haven't indicated the relationship with their rate expansion.

Estudo da modificação da fotoluminescência em α-Bi2O3 após tratamento térmico assistido por pressão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Regulation of the abundance and turnover of copepod species by temperature, turbidity and habitat type in a large river basin

Freshwater copepods were sampled in the La Plata River basin to identify the processes that affect beta diversity and to determine the main factors influencing their geographical distribution and patterns of endemism. Beta diversity patterns exhibited strong dissimilarity between locations; the turnover process was predominant and indicated a replacement of species along the basin. Redundancy analysis indicated the presence of two large sets of species separated geographically by a boundary zone, with several associated variables. Northern species were associated with water transparency and temperature, mean air temperature, mean air temperature during winter and minimum air temperature of coldest month, indicating that these species are not tolerant to low temperatures and are abundant in reservoirs that are common in the upper stretch of the Paraná River basin. Southern species were related with amplitude of air temperature, turbidity, total phosphorus and total suspended matter, indicating that these species are polythermic and have adapted to live in river stretches. From 20 environmental variables analyzed in our study, partial least squares analysis indicated four variables with increased retention of effects on copepod abundance: air temperature, minimum temperature of coldest month, turbidity and transparency. Because almost all of the species found in this study occurred across a wide range of habitat types, the cause of the separation between river and reservoir species could be considered to be more anthropogenic than natural, and it primarily affected species abundance. For certain members of the northern group of copepod species, distribution was dependent on high temperatures, whereas the distribution of the southern group indicated that the species were polythermic.

Efeito da modificação atmosférica em goiabas var. Paluma na redução de danos mecânicos em pós-colheita

In the postharvest management, the fruits can be exposed to injuries that depreciated the quality and the shelf life. Thus, it was evaluated the modified atmosphere effects on guavas var. Paluma subjected to different mechanical damages. Once harvested, the fruits were selected, sanitized and submitted to the treatments T1 (control) - without injuries or packaging in bags of low density polyethylene (LDPE); T2 - without injuries + LDPE bags; T3 - damage by fall of 1 m + LDPE bags; T4 - damage by compression of 9 N + LDPE bags; T5 - damage by fall of 1 m + damage by compression of 9 N + LDPE bags and T6 - damage by fall of 1 m + damage by compression of 9 N without LDPE bags. The treatments were kept in cold storage at 10 ± 1 o C and 94 ± 2% de R.H. The analysis of CO2/ethylene production, enzymatic activity, total and soluble pectins, pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), reducing sugars and ascorbic acid were performed every 10 days of refrigeration, and an additional day outside cold storage (22 ± 1o C and 75 ± 3% R.H.) for 30 days. Guavas packed in LDPE bags, not subject to mechanical damage, presented the best quality standards. The fruits suffered only one kind of damage, when packaged, presented satisfactory pattern compared to the fruits without package and not exposed to any mechanical damages. Applying the two kinds of damages, the LDPE packaging was not adequate to decrease the metabolic rate of these fruits, making them unfit for marketing.

Modificação química de amido de mandioca e aplicação em emulsão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modificação em fotossensibilizador e sua aplicação na terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana em substrato dentinário

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da área, da quantidade de habitat e do tipo de matriz sobre dieta de gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da quantidade de habitat, do tamanho do fragmento e da posição dos recursos sobre a frugivoria em ambientes fragmentados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do percentual de habitat e de diferentes tipos de matrizes sobre a dieta de Jaguatirica (Leopardus Pardalis)

A fragmentação e a perda de habitat promovem a perda de biodiversidade, sendo que esses efeitos podem interferir nas comunidades presentes em paisagens antropizadas. Dentre as conseqüências destacamos processos ecológicos chave, como a herbivoria, dispersão de sementes, fluxo gênico e predação/consumo de recursos alimentares. Entender como as espécies respondem às alterações na paisagem é essencial para promover medidas eficazes de conservação e manejo da paisagem e, consequentemente, manutenção da biodiversidade e serviços ecossistêmicos associados. Sabe-se que predadores de topo e meso predadores exercem papel fundamental sobre diversos aspectos relacionados à cascata trófica. Considerando que a paisagem pode alterar a persistência e manutenção de populações de predadores, entender com se dá o efeito da fragmentação sobre tais organismos pode aumentar o entendimento de como se dá o uso e distribuição de recursos nos níveis imediatamente abaixo dos predadores. Todavia, pouca informação temos disponíveis sobre as consequências da alteração da paisagem sobre o consumo de recursos alimentares em geral. A jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) é um bom modelo para estudos dessa natureza uma vez que é carnívoro e pode interferir nas demais guildas da cadeia trófica, além da literatura apontar a espécie como sendo bastante sensível a alterações em seu habitat. O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se a estrutura da paisagem em múltiplas escalas influencia o hábito alimentar da espécie. 43 Fezes de jaguatirica de oito fragmentos de Mata Atlântica Semidecidual foram coletadas na Região Metropolitana de Campinas, São Paulo. A dieta foi caracterizada segundo a porcentagem de fezes com o determinado item alimentar (pelos, penas, escamas, sementes, carrapatos etc). 93,02% das amostras continham pelos; 55,81% penas, 20,93% escamas de répteis Esperava-se que em fragmentos em paisagem mais degradados a dieta das...

Efeitos da desconexão de habitat na diversidade funcional de anfíbios anuros (Amphibia: Anura) na Mata Atlântica

Amphibian populations worldwide have been suffering declines generated by habitat degradation, loss, fragmentation and habitat split. With habitat loss and fragmentation in the landscape comes habitat split, which is the separation between the adult anuran habitat and breeding sites, forcing individuals to move through matrix during breeding seasons. Thus, habitat split increases the chance of extinction of amphibians with aquatic larval development and acts as a filter in the selection of species having great influence on species richness and community structure. The use of functional diversity allows us to consider the identity and characteristics of each species to understand the effects of fragmentation processes. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of habitat split, as well as habitat loss in the landscape, on amphibians functional diversity (FD) and species richness (S). We selected 26 landscapes from a database with anuran surveys of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For each landscape we calculated DF, S and landscape metrics at multiple scales. To calculate the DF we considered traits that influenced species use and persistence in the landscape. We refined maps of forest remnants and water bodies for metrics calculation. To relate DF and S (response variables) to landscape variables (explanatory variables), we used a model selection approach, fitting generalized linear models (GLMS) and making your selection with AICc. We compared the effect of model absence and models with habitat split, habitat amount and habitat connectivity effects, as well as their interaction. The most plausible models for S were the sum and interaction between habitat split in 7.5 km scale. For anurans with terrestrial development, habitat amount was the only plausible explanatory variable, in the 5 km scale. For anurans with aquatic larvae habitat amount in larger scales and the addition of habitat amount and habitat split were plausible...

Modificação da superfície de óxidos de ferro por dextrana derivatizada para aplicações em liberação de fármaco

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Assessing Sandhill Crane Roosting Habitat along the Platte River, Nebraska

Each spring approximately 500,000 sandhill cranes and some endangered whooping cranes use the Central Platte River Valley in Nebraska as a staging habitat during their migration north to breeding and nesting grounds in Canada, Alaska, and the Siberian Arctic. Over the last century changes in the flow of the river have altered the river channels and the distribution of roost sites. USGS researchers studied linkages between water flow, sediment supply, channel morphology, and preferred sites for crane roosting. These results are useful for estimating crane populations and for providing resource managers with techniques to understand crane habitats.

Provisioning Strategies of Antarctic Fur Seals and Chinstrap Penguins Produce Different Responses to Distribution of Common Prey and Habitat

Central-place foragers that must return to a breeding site to deliver food to offspring are faced with trade-offs between prey patch quality and distance from the colony. Among colonial animals, pinnipeds and seabirds may have different provisioning strategies, due to differences in their ability to travel and store energy. We compared the foraging areas of lactating Antarctic fur seals and chinstrap penguins breeding at Seal Island, Antarctica, to investigate whether they responded differently to the distribution of their prey (Antarctic krill and myctophid fish) and spatial heterogeneity in their habitat. Dense krill concentrations occurred in the shelf region near the colony. However, only brooding penguins, which are expected to be time-minimizers because they must return frequently with whole food for their chicks, foraged mainly in this proximal shelf region. Lactating fur seals and incubating penguins, which can make longer trips to increase energy gain per trip, and so are expected to be energy-maximizers, foraged in the more distant (>20 km from the island) slope and oceanic regions. The shelf region was characterized by more abundant, but lower-energy-content immature krill, whereas the slope and oceanic regions had less abundant but higher-energy-content gravid krill, as well as high-energy-content myctophids. Furthermore, krill in the shelf region undertook diurnal vertical migration, whereas those in the slope and oceanic regions stayed near the surface throughout the day, which may enhance the capture rate for visual predators. Therefore, we sug- gest that the energy-maximizers foraged in distant, but potentially more profitable feeding regions, while the time-minimizers foraged in closer, but potentially less profitable regions. Thus, time and energy constraints derived from different provisioning strategies may result in sympatric colonial predator species using different foraging areas, and as a result, some central-place foragers use sub- optimal foraging habitats, in terms of the quality or quantity of available prey.

An animal movement model incorporating home range and habitat selection

Wildlife biologists are often interested in how an animal uses space and the habitat resources within that space. We propose a single model that estimates an animal’s home range and habitat selection parameters within that range while accounting for the inherent autocorrelation in frequently sampled telemetry data. The model is applied to brown bear telemetry data in southeast Alaska.

Regional differences in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oceanographic habitat used by Steller sea lions

Over the past three decades, the decline and altered spatial distribution of the western stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska have been attributed to changes in the distribution or abundance of their prey due to the cumulative effects of fisheries and environmental perturbations. During this period, dietary prey occurrence and diet diversity were related to population decline within metapopulation regions of the western stock of Steller sea lions, suggesting that environmental conditions may be variable among regions. The objective of this study, therefore, was to examine regional differences in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oceanographic habitat used by Steller sea lions within the context of recent measures of diet diversity and population trajectories. Habitat use was assessed by deploying satellite-depth recorders and satellite relay data loggers on juvenile Steller sea lions (n = 45) over a five-year period (2000–2004) within four regions of the western stock, including the western, central, and eastern Aleutian Islands, and central Gulf of Alaska. Areas used by sea lions during summer months (June, July, and August) were demarcated using satellite telemetry data and characterized by environmental variables (sea surface temperature [SST] and chlorophyll a [chl a]), which possibly serve as proxies for environmental processes or prey. Spatial patterns of SST diversity and Steller sea lion population trends among regions were fairly consistent with trends reported for diet studies, possibly indicating a link between environmental diversity, prey diversity, and distribution or abundance of Steller sea lions. Overall, maximum spatial heterogeneity coupled with minimal temporal variability of SST appeared to be beneficial for Steller sea lions. In contrast, these patterns were not consistent for chl a, and there appeared to be an ecological threshold. Understanding how Steller sea lions respond to measures of environmental heterogeneity will ultimately be useful for implementing ecosystem management approaches and developing additional conservation strategies.