The U.S. Gulf of Mexico Charter Boat Industry: Activity Centers, Species Targeted, and Fisheries Management Opinions

The charter boat industry in U. S. Gulf of Mexico provides access to offshore fishing opportunities for about 570,000 passengers per year on 971 boats. A 25% random sample of charter boat operators was interviewed during 1987-88 to determine species targeted, percent time committed to targeting each species, and reactions to existing catch restrictions. Three-fourths of the charter boat fleet was in Florida, 13% in Texas, 5% in Louisiana, 4% in Alabama, and 2% in Mississippi. Responses were diverse regarding species focus within the region. Species of dominant importance included groupers, Epinephelus sp. and Mycteroperca sp. (Fla.); snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Ala., Fla., Miss., and La.); king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla (Miss., Tex., Ala. and Fla.); spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Tex. and La.); and red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Tex. and La). Catch restrictions were generally supported with higher levels of opposition to restricted high effort fish and/or one fish or closed fishery limits.

Characteristics of Billfish Anglers in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean

A mail survey of 1,984 U.S. billfish tournament anglers was completed to examine their fishing activity, attitudes, trip expenditures, consumer's surplus, catch levels, and management preferences. A sample of 1,984 anglers was drawn from billfish tournaments in the western Atlantic Ocean (from Maine to Texas, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) during 1989. A response rate of 61% was obtained (excluding nondeliverables). Anglers averaged 13 billfish trips per year, catching a billfish 40% of the time while 89% of billfish caught were released with <1 billfish per year per angler retained. Catch and retention rates varied by region. Expenditures averaged $1,600 per trip, but varied by region. The annual consumer's surplus was $262 per angler, but increased to $448 per angler if billfish populations were to increase. An estimated 7,915 tournament anglers in the U.S. western Atlantic spent $179,425,000 in pursuit of billfish in 1989. Anglers opposed management options that would diminish their ability to catch a billfish, but supported options limiting the number of billfish landed.

The Status of Loggerhead, Caretta caretta; Kemp's Ridley, Lepidochelys kempi; and Green, Chelonia mydas, Sea Turtles in U.S. Waters: A Reconsideration

Assessing the status of widely distributed marine species can prove difficult because virtually every sampling technique has assumptions, limitations, and biases that affect the results of the study. These biases often are overlooked when the biological and nonbiological implications of the results are discussed. In a recent review, Thompson (1988) used mostly unpublished population census data derived from studies conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to draw conclusions about the status of Kemp's ridley, Lepidochelys kempi; Atlantic coast green turtles, Chelonia mydas; and the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta.

U. S. Trade in Tuna for Canning, 1987

U.S. tuna fleet activity, canned tuna processing, ex-vessel, wholesale and retail prices and imports in 1987 are described and compared to their counterparts in previous years. Industry statistics gathered from government agencies and industry contacts are presented in 14 figures and 8 tables. In 1987, U.S. tuna fisheries delivered 253,136 short tons (tons) of tuna to U.S. canneries. Domestic deliveries of albacore (white-meat) tuna were 2,836 tons, down 20 percent from 1986 levels. Domestic deliveries of tropical (light-meat) tuna (bigeye, blackfin, bluefin, skipjack, and yellowfin) were 251,000 tons, up 12 percent. Contract prices for tuna delivered by U. S. vessels to U. S. canneries increased dramatically in 1987. Depending on the size of fish in the delivery, ex-vessel prices of white-meat tuna increased as much as 27 percent, and prices of light-meat tuna increased as much as 47 percent. U. S. cannery receipts of imported and domestically caught raw frozen tuna for canning totaled 532,704 tons in 1987, up 2 percent from 1986 levels. U.S. cannery receipts of white-meat tuna were 104,197 tons, down 10 percent from 1986. Imports made up 97 percent of the total cannery supply. Total 1987 U. S. cannery receipts of raw, frozen light meat tuna were 428,507 tons, up 5 percent from 1986 levels. Imports made up 41 percent of the total cannery supply. The 1987 U.S. pack of canned tuna was 33.6 million standard cases, up 3 percent from 1986. The pack of white-meat tuna was 7.2 million standard cases, down 11 percent from 1986; the pack of light-meat tuna was 26.4 million standard cases, up 7 percent. U. S. imports of canned tuna in 1987 were 10.8 million standard cases, down 11 percent from 1986 levels, the first time in recent years that imports have declined. Per capita consumption of canned tuna in the United States was 3.5 pounds in 1987, down slightly from 1986. The retail composite price was $2.26 per pound, unchanged from 1986.

A U.S. Perspective on Access to Fisheries Resources

The passage of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (MFCMA) and the establishment of a 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in 1983 have resulted in a radical change in the pattern of foreign fishing operations off the U. S. coasts. Likewise, the extensions of 200-mile EEZ's by other nations have impacted U.S. distant-water fisheries. The result has been that a new international framework for fisheries is emerging and is continuing to evolve.

Canadian, Mexican, and U. S. Fisheries: Recent Developments

The creation of extended zones (EEZ's) has shifted some aspects of fisheries management and policy from the arena of international negotiations to the economic and political decision making process within the coastal state. The transition from a world of international commons to one of coastal state jurisdiction raises a variety of issues. The one of concern here is a broad welfare question: Given the transfer of assets from the international commons to the coastal state, how well (efficiently) has the state used these new assets to increase the flow of income and Gross National Product (GNP)?

U.S. Fisheries Management and Foreign Trade Linkages: Policy Implications for Groundfish Fisheries in the North Pacific EEZ

The groundfish resources of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off Alaska, dominated by Alaska or walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, and flatfishes, Pleuronectidae, can sustain annual commercial harvests well in excess of 2 million metric tons (t). As recently as 1979, foreign fisheries took 99 percent of the annual harvest supported by these resources. This has changed dramatically during the 1980's. The foreign fisheries have received rapidly decreasing allocations, first as joint venture fisheries expanded and, more recently, as the domestic fisheries have grown. Joint venture fisheries are fisheries in which domestic fishing vessels deliver their catch directly to foreign processing vessels in the EEZ. By 1986, the joint venture and domestic fisheries accounted for 66 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the annual harvest. The preliminary corresponding figures for 1987 are 78 and 18 percent.

Influência do chá verde sobre a reatividade vascular em mulheres obesas

O Chá Verde, derivado das folhas da planta Camellia sinensis, rico em flavonóides, cuja maior concentração é de Epigalocatequina gallato (EGCG), possui efeito termogênico, além de promover a oxidação da gordura corporal, tendo potencial interesse para o tratamento da obesidade, que atinge prevalência alarmante em diversos países no mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos e investigação da função endotelial em mulheres com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre 30kg/m2 e 40kg/m2, na faixa de 30 e 50 anos, antes e após 03 meses de consumo de chá verde (600mL/dia, equivalente a 114,42mg de EGCG). Todas as 60 pacientes voluntárias foram submetidas à análise das medidas antropométricas (Peso, Altura, Índice de Massa Corporal, Circunferência de Cintura, Circunferência de Quadril, Relação Cintura-Quadril, Pressão Arterial, à análise da bioquímica de rotina (Glicemia e Insulina de jejum, Triglicerídeos, Colesterol Total, HDL-Colesterol, LDL-Colesterol, Teste Oral de Tolerância à Glicose, Hemograma Completo, Proteína C-Reativa), à análise da bioquímica específica para estresse oxidativo e inflamação (Interleucinas 1 e 6, Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa, LDL-Oxidado, VCAM Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule, ICAM Intercellular Adhesion Molecule, e E-Selectina) e à Pletismografia de Oclusão Venosa (variação de fluxo médio máximo durante a Hiperemia Reativa/Fluxo Basal 1 (VQ Hiper) e fluxo após administração de 0,4mg de Nitroglicerina Sublingual/Fluxo Basal 2 (VQ Nitro)). Após os 3 meses (3M) de tratamento houve redução no peso corporal (86,35[83,00-94,25] vs 3M = 86,00[81,50-92,00] Kg, P < 0,05); no IMC (34,02[32,05-35,62] vs 3M = 33,13[32,28-35,05] kg/m2, P < 0,05); na circunferência de cintura (99[93-107] vs 3M = 98[91-105]cm, P < 0,001); na circunferência de quadril (115[110-119] vs 3M = 114[110-117] cm, P < 0,001); na relação cintura-quadril (0,89[0,84-0,93] vs 3M = 0,88[0,83-0,93], P < 0,001); e, na pressão arterial diastólica (75[73-82] vs 3M = 69[67-72] mmHg, P < 0,001); e, melhora significativa no fluxo sanguíneo da VQ Hiper (4,57[3,54-5,01] vs 3M = 5,83[4,46-6,56], P < 0,001); e da VQ Nitro (1,26[1,13-1,38] vs 3M = 1,41[1,25-1,50], P < 0,001). Com o uso do chá verde, 600mL/dia, contendo 114,42mg de EGCG, durante 3 meses observamos a redução de 3% no IMC e a redução da circunferência de cintura e de circunferência de quadril em 1cm; a não modificação do padrão bioquímico, incluindo os marcadores de inflamação e de estresse oxidativo; e, o aumento das vasodilatações endotélio-dependente e endotélio-independente, visualizadas por Pletismografia de Oclusão Venosa Não-Invasiva.

Vorträge gehalten auf der Wissenschaftlichen Tagung des Ernährungswissenschaftlichen Beirats der deutschen Fischwirtschaft in Bad Oeynhausen am 7. u. 8. November 1959 - Beiheft 2

Inhalt. F. Bramstedt: Der Einfluß von Fangreise und Fischauktion auf die stickstoffhaltigen Nichteiweißfraktionen von Seefischen. G. Siebert: Die Bedeutung der fischeignen Enzyme für die Lagerungsfähigkeit. v.Meyer: Fragestellung und Problemlage der bakteriologischen Forschung auf dem Fischsektor. H.D. Cremer; G. Jellinek: Die Anwendung der sensorischen Analyse für die Qualitätsbeurteilung von frischen Seefischen. H. Mann: Der Fettgehalt bei Fischen.