The laser weldability of lean duplex stainless steels

Ruostumattomien terästen hinta on kasvanut maailman laajuisen kysynnän kasvun seurauksena. Samoin on käynyt myös ruostumattomien terästen valmistukseen käytettävien seosaineiden hinnalle. Terästen valmistajat ovatkin kehittäneet lean duplex teräksiä vastatakseen hintatietoisten markkinoiden kysyntään. Näissä lean duplex teräksissä kalliita seosaineita kuten nikkeliä ja molybdeenia on korvattu typellä ja mangaanilla. Houkutteleviksi vaihtoehdoiksi perinteisille ruostumattomille teräksille lean duplex laadut tekee myös niiden hyvät lujuus- ja korroosio-ominaisuudet. Kirjallisuus osio esittelee lasereiden toimintaperiaatteen. Myös avaimenreikähitsauksen periaate on esitetty. Ruostumattomien terästen yleisimmät seosaineet ovat esitelty, kuten myös syy niiden seostamiseen. Ruostumattomat duplex-teräkset on esitelty samoin kuin lean duplex teräkset. Kokeellisen osion koehitsit hitsattiin osin samalla tuotantolinjalla lopputuotteen kanssa ja osin laboratoriossa. Koemateriaaleina olivat lean duplex teräkset 1.4162 ja 1.4362 joiden materiaalipaksuudet olivat 1.2 mm ja 1.5 mm. Hitsatuille lamelleille tehtiin painetestaus. Makroskopiaa ja valomikroskopiaa käytettiin koehitsien arvioinnissa kuten myös ristivetokoetta. Kiinnostavimmista hitseistä määritettiin myös faasisuhde. Lean duplex teräs 1.4362 havaittiin sopivammaksi laaduksi tämän kaltaisessa sovelluksessa, mutta myös laatu 1.4162 täyttää sovelluksen hitsille asetetut vaatimukset, tosin huomattavasti pienemmässä parametri ikkunassa. Valittu menetelmä faasisuhteen määrittämiseen osoittautui epätarkaksi, joten faasisuhteen osalta tämän tutkimuksen tulokset ovat vain suuntaa-antavia.

The effects of congestion in the daily management of a trauma hospital

Today’s healthcare organizations are under constant pressure for change, as hospitals should be able to offer their patients the best possible medical care with limited resources and, at the same time, to retain steady efficiency level in their operation. This is challenging, especially in trauma hospitals, in which the variation in the patient cases and volumes is relatively high. Furthermore, the trauma patient's care requires plenty of resources as most the patients have to be treated as single cases. Occasionally, the sudden increases in demand causes congestion in the operations of the hospital, which in Töölö hospital appears as an increase in the surgery waiting times within the yellow urgency class patients. An increase in the surgery waiting times may cause the diminution of the patient's condition, which also raises the surgery risks. The congestion itself causes overloading of the hospital capacity and staff. The aim of this master’s thesis is to introduce the factors contributing to the trauma process, and to examine the correlation between the different variables and the lengthened surgery waiting times. The results of this study are based on a three-year patient data and different quantitative analysis. Based on the analysis, a daily usable indicator was created in order to support the decision making in the operations management. By using the selected indicator, the effects of congestion can be acknowledged and the corrective action can also be taken more proactively.

Investigation of the mechanism of transfer of a-tocopherol by the human a-tocopherol transfer protein (H-a-TTP) /

The human a-tocopherol transfer protein (h-a-TTP) is understood to be the entity responsible for the specific retention of a-tocopherol (a-toc) in human tissues over all other forms of vitamin E obtained from the diet. a-Tocopherol is the most biologically active form of vitamin E, and to date has been studied extensively with regard to its antioxidant properties and its role of terminating membrane lipid peroxidation chain reactions. However, information surrounding the distribution of a-tocopherol, specifically its delivery to intracellular membranes by a-TTP, is still unclear and the molecular factors influencing transfer remain elusive. To investigate the mechanism of ligand transfer by the h-a-TTP, a fluorescent analogue of a-toc has been used in the development of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. (/?)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[9-(7-nitro-benzo[l,2,5]oxdiazol-4-ylamino)-nonyl]- chroman-6-ol (NBD-toc) has allowed for the development of the FRET-based ligand transfer assay. This ligand has been utilized in a series of experiments where changes were made to acceptor lipid membrane concentration and composition, as well as to the ionic strength and viscosity of the buffer medium. Such changes have yielded evidence supporting a collisional mechanism of ligand transfer by a-TTP, and have brought to light a new line of inquiry pertaining to the nature of the forces governing the collisional transfer interaction. Through elucidation of the transfer mechanism type, a deeper understanding of the transfer event and the in vivo fate of a-tocopherol have been obtained. Furthermore, the results presented here allow for a deeper investigation of the forces controlling the collisional protein-membrane interaction and their effect on the transfer of a-toc to membranes. Future investigation in this direction will raise the possibility of a complete understanding of the molecular events surrounding the distribution of a-toc within the cell and to the body's tissues.

Engineering an improved adenovirus packaging cell line

Recombinant human adenovirus (Ad) vectors are being extensively explored for their use in gene therapy and recombinant vaccines. Ad vectors are attractive for many reasons, including the fact that (1) they are relatively safe, based on their use as live oral vaccines, (2) they can accept large transgene inserts, (3) they can infect dividing and postmitotic cells, and (4) they can be produced to high titers. However, there are also a number of major problems associated with Ad vectors, including transient foreign gene expression due to host cellular immune responses, problems with humoral immunity, and the creation of replication competent adenoviruses (RCA). Most Ad vectors contain deletions in the E1 region that allow for insertion of a transgene. However, the E1 gene products are required for replication and thus must be supplied in trans by a helper ceillille that will allow for the growth and packaging of the defective virus. For this purpose the 293 cell line (Graham et al., 1977) is used most often; however, homologous recombination between the vector and the cell line often results in the generation of RCA. The presence of RCA in batches of adenoviral vectors for clinical use is a safety risk because tlley . may result in the mobilization and spread of the replication-defective vector viruses, and in significant tissue damage and pathogenicity. The present research focused on the alteration of the 293 cell line such that RCA formation can be eliminated. The strategy to modify the 293 cells involved the removal of the first 380 bp of the adenovirus genome through the process of homologous recombination. The first step towards this goal involved identifying and cloning the left-end cellular-viral jUl1ction from 293 cells to assemble sequences required for homologous recombination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to clone the junction, and the clone was verified through sequencing. The plasn1id PAM2 was then constructed, which served as the targeting cassette used to modify the 293 cells. The cassette consisted of (1) the cellular-viral junction as the left-end region of homology, (2) the neo gene to use for positive selection upon tranfection into 293 cells, (3) the adenoviral genome from bp 380 to bp 3438 as the right-end region of homology, and (4) the HSV-tk gene to use for negative selection. The plasmid PAM2 was linearized to produce a double strand break outside the region of homology, and transfected into 293 cells using the calcium-phosphate technique. Cells were first selected for their resistance to the drug G418, and subsequently for their resistance to the drug Gancyclovir (GANC). From 17 transfections, 100 pools of G418f and GANCf cells were picked using cloning lings and expanded for screening. Genomic DNA was isolated from the pools and screened for the presence of the 380 bps using PCR. Ten of the most promising pools were diluted to single cells and expanded in order to isolate homogeneous cell lines. From these, an additional 100 G41Sf and GANef foci were screened. These preliminary screening results appear promising for the detection of the desired cell line. Future work would include further cloning and purification of the promising cell lines that have potentially undergone homologous recombination, in order to isolate a homogeneous cell line of interest.

Magnetic properties of the Biâ Srâ CaCuâ Oâ single crystal

The Bi2Sr2CaCu20g single crystal with a superconducting transition temperature equal to 90 ± 2 K was prepared. The irreversibility line of the single crystal for a mgnetic field direction along the c-axis and T* in the ab-plane was determined. The reduced temperature (l - T ) is proportional to H 1.1 for fields below 004 T and proportional to HO.09 for fields above 0.4 T. The zero temperature upper critical field Hc2(0) and coherence length ~ (0) were determined from the magnetization meaurements to be H-lC2=35.9T , H//C2=31.2T, ~c(0)=35.0 A, and ~ab(0)=32.5A,and from the magnetoresistance measurements to be H-lc2 = 134.6T , H//C2=55.5T '~c(0)=38.1 A, and ~ab(0)=2404 A for both directions of the applied magnetic field. The results obtained for Hc2(0) and ~(O) are not reliable due to the rounding that the single crystal exhibits in the magnetization and magnetoresistance curves. The magnetization relaxation of the single crystal was investigated, and was found to be logarithmic in time, and the relaxation rate increases with temperature up to 50 -60 K, then decreases at higher temperatures.

Reliability of a new measure of motoneuron excitability

Objectlve:--This study examined the intraclass reliability· of different measures of the excitability of the Hoffmann reflex, derived from stimulus-response curves. The slope of the regression line of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve advocated by Funase et al. (1994) was also compared to the peak of the first derivative of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve (dHIdVmax), a new measure introduced in this investigation. A secondary purpose was to explore the possibility of mood as a covariate when measuring excitability of the H-reflex arc. Methods: The H-reflex amplitude at a stimulus intensity corresponding to 5% of the maximum M-wave (Mmax) is an established measure that was used as an additional basis of comparison. The H-reflex was elicited in the soleus for 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females) on five separate days. Vibration was applied to the Achilles tendon prior to stimulation to test the sensitivity of the measures on test day four. The means of five evoked potentials at each gradually increasing intensity, from below H-reflex threshold to above Mmax, were used to create both the H-reflex and M-wave stimulus response curves for each subject across test days. The mood of the subjects was assessed using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES) prior to the stimulation protocol each day. Results: There was a modest decrease in all H-reflex measures from the first to third test day, but it was non-significant (P's>0.05). All measures of the H-reflex exhibited a profound reduction following vibration on test day four, and then returned to baseline levels on test day five (P's<0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for H-reflex amplitude at 5% of Mmax was 0.85. The ICC for the slope of the regression line was 0.79 while it was 0.89 for dH/dVmax. Maximum M-wave amplitude had an ICC of 0.96 attesting to careful methodological controls. The SEES subscales of fatigue and psychological well-being remained unchanged IV across the five days. The psychological distress subscale (Pof the H-reflex_.at5% Mmax·(PO.05). Conclusions: The peak of the first derivative of the H-reflex stimulus-response curve (dH/dVmax) was shown to have comparable reliability and sensitivity to other more established measures of excitability. Psychological distress and the amplitude of the H-reflex at 5% Mmax follow similar trends across days, however there was no significant correlation between the two measures. Significance: The proposed method appears to be a more robust measure ofH-reflex excitability than the other methods tested. As such it would be an advantageous method to apply in clinical and investigative settings. Additionally, the results suggest that the relationship between psychological distress and H-reflex amplitude should be investigated further.

Plan of the river from Niagara to Fort Schlosser

1 map :|bdigital, JPEG file

Bradley Institute of Music fonds

1.23 m. textual records, 1 col. post card, 1 b&w post card, 116 col. photographs, 59 b&w photographs, 6 negatives, 1 metal logo, 2 photo cuts, 7 woodcuts, 1 VHS tape, 1 stamp/press, 1 guest book, 5 account books

Welland Canal Survey of Lands Adam Gould 1827

Survey map and description of Adam Gould's land created by The Welland Canal Company. Included is a written description of the land along with a drawing of the land. Noteable features include; allowance between 4th and 5th concession, line of Northrup's land. Total land mass is 6 acres and 6 perches. The deed for the land is dated May 7th, 1827. Surveyor notes are seen in pencil on the map.

Welland Canal Survey of Lands Philip Carrol, 1830, 1846, n.d.

Survey map and description of Philip Carrol's land created by The Welland Canal Company. Included are three written descriptions of the lands along the Northern Reservoir, Southern Reservoir as well as the Canal and Reservoir with a drawing of the aforementioned lands. Noteable features for the Northern Reservoir include; line between Philip Carrol's land and Widow McAlpine's land. The land contains 9 acres, 2 roads and 24 perches of wood land. The survey is dated 1830. Noteable features for the Southern Reservoir include; Road to shorthills, side line North, and Watson's land. This survey is not dated. Noteable features for the Canal and Reservoir include; West line of lot, lot.213. The land contains 9 acres and 5 perches. The surveyor's updates for this survey are dated 1846. Surveyor notes are seen in pencil on the map.See also Pp 109-113

Welland Canal Survey of Lands St. Catharines Ditch, 1831

Survey map and description of the St. Catharines ditch land created by The Welland Canal Company. Included is a one and a half page written description of the land along with two drawings of the land. For the first drawing (p.156) noteable features include; line between Soper and O. Phelps land, road along the canal, Phelps mill, brewery, lock no. 5. For the second drawing (p.157) noteable features include; aquaduct, wood land, concessions, old distillery, line of company's land. Surveyor notes are seen in pencil on the map.See Pages 154-157

In Search of Convergence: A Co-citation Analysis of Three Sport Management Journals

Responding to a series of articles in sport management literature calling for more diversity in terms of areas of interest or methods, this study warns against the danger of excessively fragmenting this field of research. The works of Kuhn (1962) and Pfeffer (1993) are taken as the basis of an argument that connects convergence with scientific strength. However, being aware of the large number of counterarguments directed at this line of reasoning, a new model of convergence, which focuses on clusters of research contributions with similar areas of interest, methods, and concepts, is proposed. The existence of these clusters is determined with the help of a bibliometric analysis of publications in three sport management journals. This examination determines that there are justified reasons to be concerned about the level of convergence in the field, pointing out to a reduced ability to create large clusters of contributions in similar areas of interest.

Order to create a General Board of Health in the Town of Niagara, June 25, 1832

In the early nineteenth century, a widespread outbreak of cholera occurred in continental Europe, eventually spreading to the British Isles. The disease subsequently spread to Canada as impoverished British immigrants seeking a better life arrived in the country. To help curb the spread of the disease, local Boards of Health were created.

Order to create a General Board of Health in the Town of Niagara, June 25, 1832.

In the early nineteenth century, a widespread outbreak of cholera occurred in continental Europe, eventually spreading to the British Isles. The disease subsequently spread to Canada as impoverished British immigrants seeking a better life arrived in the country. To help curb the spread of the disease, local Boards of Health were created.

Interrogation of Prisoner - Heaquarters 1st Division, American Expeditionary Forces, 27 May 1918

A prisoner interrogation report dated 27 May 1918. The report reads: "I. PRISONER X. 1st. Battalion, 272 Res. Rogt., 82d Res. 1. CIRCUMSTANCES OF CAPTURE; Captured, while attempting to raid our trenches, at point 1719 at about 7A.M. 2. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM PRISONER (a) Between point 1814 and point 175242 the German trenches appear to be held by three companies, each numbering 3 platoons, each platoon numbering about 40 men. Each company has 4 light machine guns in the first lines, these machine guns distributed along the first trench (one of them in particular is located at bond in hostile trench at point 17215 and another at about 17245. Each company, furthermore, has one platoon (weak in numbers) in support in the ravine north of Cantigny. These platoons are in dugouts dug into the side of the hill approximately between points 28215 and 2223. Each of these support platoons has two light machine guns at its disposal. Company commanders dugout is at some point along the line of dugouts occupied by the support platoons. Another company commander's dugout (Co.3) is at point 1815 about 15 meters behind the German trench which runs along the edge of the town of Cantigny. There is a communication trench between the cemetery at 2018 and the front line at 18179. It is believed that there is a machine gun at point 17245 kept in a dugout dug under the road. The reserve battalion is believed to be at a fairly great distance from the front (near Bouillancourt). The prisoner, on the other hand, states that it may have been moved up."