Using wavelet transform to study the Lipschitz local singular exponent in wall turbulence

In this paper, wavelet,transform is introduced to study the Lipschitz local singular exponent for characterising the local singularity behavior of fluctuating velocity in wall turbulence. I, is found that the local singular exponent is negative when the ejections and sweeps of coherent structures occur in a turbulent boundary layer.

Influence of thermal residual stresses on the composite macroscopic behavior

The influence of the thermal residual stress on the deformation behavior of a composite has been analyzed with a new micromechanical method. The method is based on secant moduli approximation and a new homogenized effective stress to characterize the plastic state of the matrix. It is found that the generated thermal residual stresses after cooling and their influence on the subsequent deformation behavior depends significantly on the aspect ratio of the inclusions. With prolate inclusions, the presence of thermal residual stresses generate a higher compressive hardening curves of the composite, but it is reversed with oblate inclusions. For particle reinforced composite, thermal residual stresses induce a tensile hardening curve higher than the compressive one and this is in agreement with experimental observations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Finite element analysis on stresses field of normalized layer thickness within ceramic coating on aluminized steel

Multilayer ceramic coatings were fabricated on steel substrate using a combined technique of hot dipping aluminum(HDA) and plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO). A triangle of normalized layer thickness was created for describing thickness ratios of HDA/PEO coatings. Then, the effect of thickness ratio on stresses field of HDA/PEO coatings subjected to uniform normal contact load was investigated by finite element method. Results show that the surface tensile stress is mainly affected by the thickness ratio of Al layer when the total thickness of coating is unchanged. With the increase of A] layer thickness, the surface tensile stress rises quickly. When Al2O3 layer thickness increases, surface tensile stress is diminished. 'Meanwhile, the maximum shear stress moves rapidly towards internal part of HDA/PEO coatings. Shear stress at the Al2O3/Al interface is minimal when Al2O3 layer and Al layer have the same thickness.

Local exchange in the southern levant during the early bronze age: a political economy viewpoint

Trade and relations between the southern Levant and other regions of the Near East (mainly Egypt) during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3,600–2,300 BC) have been the subject of many studies. Research concerning the exchange of local commodities was almost ignored or was discussed in parochial studies, focusing on specific archaeological finds. It is the intention of this paper to present the results of recent research of the exchange of commodities provided by archaeological data from excavations in the Southern Levant with regard to economic theories on the exchange-value of goods and exchange networks. Conclusions regarding the type of society and the forms of government in the Southern Levant during the Early Bronze Age are also presented.

Programa de mejora de la competitividad municipal, derivados de la planificación local en el municipio de Camoapa, departamento de Boaco

El presente estudio se realizó en el municipio de Camoapa, departamento de Boaco y tiene como fin generar insumos para mejorar la planificación actual a través del diseño de programas de mejora de la competitividad y de desarrollo empresarial. La información recolectada tiene como principal herramienta la información secundaria solicitada al gobierno local y a los principales autores del plan estratégico municipal. También se utilizó la entrevista y la encuesta para obtener información referente al grado de avance de la planificación municipal y la presencia de las diferentes instituciones en el municipio. Los aspectos evaluados fueron: rasgos distintivos del municipio, estado de la planificación local e Instituciones de incidencia en el municipio. Dentro de los rasgos distintivos del municipio, resaltan: falta de acceso a áreas productivas y el deterioro ambiental generalizado, presencia de una gran gama de instituciones dedicadas a facilitar el crédito pero no dirigido a resolver las problemáticas del sector agropecuario o posiblemente el seguimiento técnico ofrecido por estas instituciones no es el más oportuno, desempleo generalizado y la fuente principal de empleo (actividad agropecuaria) no satisface las necesidades salariales de los trabajadores, los recursos socio–culturales son los más descuidados a pesar de la gran diversidad de expresiones culturales existentes. En cuanto a la planificación local existente la limitante de apoyo parcial por parte del gobierno municipal aunque las autoridades destacan la importancia del plan estratégico; se identificaron 52 instituciones de incidencia. Derivados de la información precedente se pro pusieron los siguientes programas de competitividad: Programa de conservación de suelos y aguas, Programa de desarrollo de sistemas agrosilvopastoriles, Programa de desarrollo económico productivo, Programa de educación ambiental, agricultura de laderas y agroturismo, Programa de fomento a las expresiones culturales del municipio.