954 resultados para Italianos - Portugal - séc.19


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The appendices include the workshop agenda, a list of poster presentations, and a list of attendees.

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从生态地理背景论草地畜牧业产业在黄土高原农业可持续发展中的战略地位 黄土高原要实现生态与生产双赢的目标,契机是退耕还林还草,突破口是建立能兼顾生态生产协调发展的主导产业。从地形地貌、水热分布及自然植被特征的角度分析,黄土高原实施以农为主或农林牧综合发展的方略,均有悖于黄土高原生态地理背景。而草地畜牧业产业的生产要素及其过程在较大程度上吻合了黄土高原的生态地理背景,具有生态的适应性和生产的有效性,应作为黄土高原优化的生态生产范式建制中的主导产业。未来黄土高原产业的发展格局应该是以草地畜牧业为主导,农业和林业作为补充和完善的产业发展体系。此外,未来黄土高原草地畜牧业家畜养殖应以舍饲为主。 黄土高原自然植被演替过程中的物种特征与土壤养分动态研究 在3—149年的时间尺度上,对黄土高原自然植被次生演替过程中物种特征和土壤养分动态进行了研究。结果表明:1)随着演替时间尺度的延伸,土壤全C、全N含量呈增加趋势,而土壤全K、全Na和土壤pH值呈下降趋势,土壤全P变化趋势不明显;此外,表层( 0~10 cm)土壤Ca0含量呈下降趋势,深层( 20-30 cm,40-50 cm)则呈增加趋势。演替过程对土壤养分动态影响的程度随着取样深度的增加而减弱;2)植物群落物种丰富度在演替的中间阶段最高,后者对应于中等土壤养分水平;3)在演替的早期阶段,植物群落优势种往往具有稳定的土壤种子库,CR-生活史对策和S.繁殖对策,在贫瘠的土壤上具有较强的竞争能力;而具有较强的水平扩展能力和克隆繁殖能力,C-生活史对策、对土壤C,N具有较强竞争能力的多年生植物在演替中后期占据群落的优势地位。此外,在所涉及的物种生物学特征中,多年生生活史,C-、CR-、SC-、SR-、S.对策,以及R-、W-、Bs-、VBs-和V-繁殖对策等在非优势物种中有较高的出现频率。4)C-、 SC-对策,克隆能力,多年生生活史,水平扩展能力,种子的动物传播方式,秋季开花,荚果、坚果等特征的比例在一定程度上与土壤全C,全N和全K含量正相关; 而S一、SR-、R-、CR-对策,一、二年生生活史,种子繁殖,S.繁殖对策,以及胞果、蒴果等特征的比例与土壤全Na,Ca0含量和土壤pH正相关。在演替过程中出现的物种均属草本植物生活型,因此,草原可能是黄土高原上受制于大尺度环境条件(显域生境)下的优势植被类型(特别是降雨量不超过550 mm的地区)。 黄土高原植被恢复过程中几种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素和氮含量的动态特征 探讨了黄土高原植被恢复过程中六种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素(6 13C)和氮含量的季节动态、种间差异及其与植被恢复过程的关系。六种优势植物分别是猪毛蒿( Artemisia scoparia),出现在演替的先锋阶段:达乌里胡枝子( Lespedeza davurica),出现在演替的第二阶段;长芒草(Stipabungeana)、万年蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)和茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii),出现在演替的第三阶段; 白羊草( Bothriochloa ischaemun)出现在演替的顶级阶段。六种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素比率分别是-26.89±0.66‰,-26.24±0.48‰, -26.21±0.49‰, -26.86±1.09‰, -27.61±0.39‰和-15 .81±1. 79‰;氮含量分别是2.36±0.63%,2.38±0.29%,2.0±0.29%,2.0±0.25%,1.50±0.37% 和1.24±0.19%。白羊草、长芒草、茭蒿和达乌里胡枝子叶片氮含量季节变化与土壤水分呈正相关.猪毛蒿和铁杆蒿叶片氮含量季节变化与土壤水分呈负相关。白羊草叶片δ 13C与土壤水分呈正相关,而其他5个优势种叶片δ 13C与土壤水分呈负相关。不同演替阶段优势种的δ 13C值和氮含量特征表明:处于演替顶级阶段的优势种具有最高的水分利用效率,净光合产量较低,但光合作用动态对土壤水分的季节波动表现出较强的可塑性;相反,处于先锋阶段的优势种水分利用效率较低,叶片净光合产量较高,光合作用对土壤水分波动的可塑性较低。本文的主要结论是:黄土高原植被恢复过程中处于不同演替阶段的优势种无论是在叶片δ 13C,氮含量均存在差异。优势种叶片δ 13C和氮含量季节动态反映了不同物种在环境(主要指土壤水分)波动条件下的生理生态对策。具有最高的水分利用效率(而非最高光和能力)和最高光合可塑性的物种将成为黄土高原自然植被顶级植物群落中的最终统治者。 黄土高原草地畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产力基础 遵循生产-生态兼顾的原则,在黄土高原197个区县土地利用方式重新规划的基础上,对支撑黄土高原畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产潜力进行了分析预测。结果表明:规划的牧、林、农、果用地占生产用地的比例分别是草地44%、林地22%、基本农田20%、果园14%; 197个县区预测的总牧草生产潜力达1,0488,1028t.y-l,可载畜1,0488,1028个羊单位.y-1。按1999年不变价格计算,黄土高原预测的畜牧业总产值将达到524,4051万元.y-1,是1999年畜牧业总产值的5.3倍,超过1999年黄土高原农业总产值14 %。农业人口人均预测畜牧业产值大于1000元的区县占59%;小于1000元的区县占41%。此外,黄土高原预测的农业总产值将达到1147.2234亿元RMB.yr-1。畜牧业、果业、林业和基本农田产值占农业总产值的比例分别是46%、27%、14%和13%。随着畜牧业产业链的逐步建立与完善,产业发展布局的日趋合理,黄土高原畜牧业生产总值将有较大幅度的提高。黄土高原草地畜牧业蕴藏着巨大的发展潜力,有望成为黄土高原优化的生产.生态范式建制中的主导产业。

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The monthly average temperatures at Puttalam Lagoon, Dutch Bay, Portugal Bay towards Kovilmunai and Portugal Bay towards Pallugaturai showed a distinct annual cycle. The peak was in April and values gradually fell till September. There was a further gradual fall in temperature from October to January. The highest temperatures in all four stations were in April. The highest salinities in all the stations were from May to October i.e., during the south-west monsoon. The salinities at Dutch Bay and Portugal Bay were high in March and April corresponding to the highest temperatures reached during these months. Two maxima have been observed in phytoplankton production. A primary maximum in May-June and a secondary maximum in October. The primary and secondary maxima are due to the influx of nutrient laden waters from the rivers Kal Aru and Pomparippu Aru. The phytoplankton producing blooms were Rhizosolenia alata. Rhizosolenia imbricata, Chaetoceros lascinosus, Chaetoceros pervianus, Ch,aetoceros diversus, Coscinodiscus gigas, Thallasionema nitzschioides, Thalassiosira subtilis, Thallassiothrix frauenfeldii, Asterionella japonica, Sceletonema costatum, Bacteriastrum varians and Biddulphia sinensis. Sudden outbursts of a single species were common. These diatoms were species of Chaetoceros and Rhizosolenia, and Thallassiothrix frauenfeldii. Wide fluctuations have been observed in the distribution of phytoplankton but no definite conclusions can be drawn as the period of observation was only one year.

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This report concerns the aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera collected in Sri Lanka by Prof. Starmühlner and Prof. Costa during November and December 1970. A surprising number of new species have been found in the Starmühlner-Costa material, even in groups for which comprehensive revisions exist. Seven new species are described here.

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Background: Polymorphisms of CLEC4M have been associated with predisposition for infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). DC-SIGNR, a C-type lectin encoded by CLEC4M, is a receptor for the virus. A variable number tandem