Table 2 Analytical data of the samples by the "Dipole CHIM" at the Yingezhuang gold deposit

CHIM method involves extracting metal ions of electromobile forms in either anodes or cathodes, facilitated by a man-made electric field. This paper presents two newly developed CHIM alternatives that are electrified by a low voltage dipole. The firstly improved technique enables cationic ions to be extracted in a single cathode, whereas the secondly improved technique allows both anionic and cationic species to be extracted simultaneously in an anode and in a cathode. Compared with the traditional CHIM methods, the innovative techniques developed in this paper are characterized by simple instrumentation, low cost and easy operation in field, and in particular enables simultaneous extraction of anionic and cationic species of elements, from which more information can be derived with higher extraction efficiency. Field tests at several well-known mine areas in China confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the new techniques in exploring for deeply buried ore bodies.

(Table B2) Relative abundances of diatom species used in the Canoco analysis at sediment surface samples from the Chinese inshore waters

Canonical correspondence analysis has been used to analyze and to visualize the relationships between the main species and selected environmental variables in a study of diatoms from surface sediment samples in Chinese inshore waters. The result shows that the diatom distribution in Chinese inshore waters is closely correlated with the environmental variables and that the measured environmental variables account for the major changes of the diatom composition. Winter sea-surface temperature (WST), winter sea-surface salinity (WSS), water depth and summer sea-surface salinity (SSS) play an important role for the diatom distribution. Among the environmental factors, winter sea-surface temperature is the most important, controlling the distribution of diatoms in the surface sediments in Chinese inshore waters, and therefore, it may be potentially reconstructed in palaeoceanographic studies. Three diatom assemblages are distinguished, representing environments with different hydrological characteristics. The temperate-water diatom assemblage may be used as an indicator of the coastal circulation system of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. While the warm-temperate water diatom assemblage is closely related to Shanghai-Zhejiang-Fujian coastal currents and Northern Bay coastal currents of South China Sea. The deep water diatom assemblage is a response to that the waters are less controlled by coastal currents, but are more influenced by open sea currents, such as Kuroshio.