The IFNL3/4 ΔG variant increases susceptibility to cytomegalovirus retinitis among HIV-infected patients.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness among patients with uncontrolled HIV infections. Whereas polymorphisms in interferon-lambda 3 (IFNL3, previously named IL28B) strongly influence the clinical course of hepatitis C, few studies examined the role of such polymorphisms in infections due to viruses other than hepatitis C virus. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association of newly identified IFNL3/4 variant rs368234815 with susceptibility to CMV-associated retinitis in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal study included 4884 white patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, among whom 1134 were at risk to develop CMV retinitis (CD4 nadir <100 /μl and positive CMV serology). The association of CMV-associated retinitis with rs368234815 was assessed by cumulative incidence curves and multivariate Cox regression models, using the estimated date of HIV infection as a starting point, with censoring at death and/or lost follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 40 individuals among 1134 patients at risk developed CMV retinitis. The minor allele of rs368234815 was associated with a higher risk of CMV retinitis (log-rank test P = 0.007, recessive mode of inheritance). The association was still significant in a multivariate Cox regression model (hazard ratio 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.09-4.92, P = 0.03), after adjustment for CD4 nadir and slope, HAART and HIV-risk groups. CONCLUSION: We reported for the first time an association between an IFNL3/4 polymorphism and susceptibility to AIDS-related CMV retinitis. IFNL3/4 may influence immunity against viruses other than HCV.

Puheenvuoro eduskunnassa 28.4.1939

Puhe

Operación Eureka XX 28 - 29 Abril 1972

Muestras los aspectos principales de las condiciones oceanográficas, distribución, concentración de cardúmenes y operaciones de pesca del recurso anchoveta dentro del período del 28 y 29 de abril de 1972, en el área comprendida de San José y la frontera de Chile.

Operación Eureka XXIX, 28-30 de Mayo 1974

Expone los resultados de la Operación Eureka XXIX, realizada del 28 al 30 de Mayo con 51 embarcaciones, tomando además algunos elementos provenientes de los cruceros del SNP-1 (Mayo-Junio) y de la pesca comercial (Marzo-Mayo) para fines comparativos

Professori Paavo Kastari 28/10 1975

Kirje 28.10.1975

Informe del Cateo No.4 (Prospección sinóptica tipo EUREKA) 26-28 Febrero, 1974

Presenta información sobre el estado actual del stock de anchoveta, de sardina y de otras especies pelágicas en relación con el medio ambiente. La información resultante unida a la de las anteriores operaciones Cateo contribuyen a la evaluación del stock y proporcionan bases para la regulación de la pesquería durante el año 1974.

Tal på hundraårsdagen av K. J. Ståhlbergs födelse (28.1.1965 i Helsingfors)

Puhe

Importance of IL28B gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genetic variation in the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene has been associated with the response to interferon-alfa/ribavirin therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-infected patients. The importance of three IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8099917, rs12980275 and rs12979860) for HCV genotype 2/3-infected patients is unknown. METHODS: In patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 2/3 (n=267), IL28B host genotypes (rs8099917, rs12980275 and rs12979860) were analyzed for associations with sustained virologic response (SVR) to antiviral therapy with (pegylated) interferon-alfa and ribavirin and with respect to epidemiological, biochemical, and virological parameters. For comparison, hepatitis C genotype 1 patients (n=378) and healthy controls (n=200) were included. RESULTS: The rs12979860 CC genotype, lower age, and genotype 2 were significantly associated with SVR in HCV genotype 2/3-infected patients (p=0.01, p=0.03 and p=0.03, respectively). No association was observed for rs8099917 and rs12980275. In addition, an SVR in patients with rapid virologic response (RVR) was associated with the rs12979860 CC genotype (p=0.05), while for non-RVR no association was found. Furthermore, a significant association with a higher baseline viral load was observed for all three IL28B genotypes in genotype 1/2/3-infected patients. Finally, increasing frequencies of the rs12979860 CC genotypes were observed in genotype 1- (33.9%), genotype 3- (38.9%), and genotype 2-infected (51.9%) patients in comparison with healthy controls (49.0%) (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In genotype 2/3-infected patients, rs12979860 was significantly associated with SVR. The frequency of the rs12979860 CC genotype is lower in HCV genotype 1 vs. genotype 2/3 patients. All major IL28B genotypes are associated with HCV-RNA concentration.

Special report on the City of Griswold for the period July 1, 2005 through February 28, 2009

Special report on the City of Griswold for the period July 1, 2005 through February 28, 2009

Budapestissa 13/6 -28

Kirje 13.6.1928

Iowa’s Railroads and You, July 28, 2004

Like most motorists, you want your trips to go as quickly and smoothly as possible. Things like having to wait at a railroad crossing while the train crosses, or having to slow for a rough railroad crossing may seem like an inconvenience. But, when you look at the overall picture, you will find there are many things that affect your trips: heavy traffic, including large trucks, on the interstates; congestion on urban freeways; a lot of pedestrian traffic at crosswalks; a bus stopped on the street while passengers are boarding or exiting; slow-moving farm equipment or bicyclists on a rural road; or any number of other disruptions. The reality is that Iowa’s transportation system is extremely complex. Iowa has many diverse transportation users and all types of vehicles traveling at differing speeds.

Pääjohtaja Antero Piha 28/5 1970

Kirje 28.5.1970

Vastaus välikysymykseen nykyisestä talouspolitiikasta (Pääministerin vastaus talouspolitiikkaa koskevaan välikysymykseen eduskunnassa 28.5.1953)

Puhe