997 resultados para Graus dias
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV
Resumo:
O Brasil ocupa uma posição de destaque como produtor e exportador de carne de frango. Um parâmetro importante na qualidade da carne de frango é a quantidade de água absorvida pela carcaça durante o processamento. No Brasil, o resfriamento das carcaças é feito por imersão em água refrigerada e, neste processo, a carcaça é reidratada, recuperando a água perdida durante o transporte e as operações iniciais. Este projeto teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores extrínsecos que podem influenciar a absorção de água pela carne de frango. Para isso, foram utilizados 144 frangos da linhagem Cobb, divididos em 24 grupos de seis aves. Aos 42 dias de idade, uma ave de cada grupo, com peso variando até 10% para mais ou para menos, em relação à média do grupo, foram abatidas em abatedouro experimental. A etapa de resfriamento foi realizada seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3x2, onde os fatores foram: três temperaturas na primeira seção do sistema de refrigeração (4, 10 e 16 º C) e dois graus de dureza da água (água dura e água mole), com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. A legislação brasileira estabelece que a temperatura da água na primeira seção do resfriador não deve ser superior a 16ºC. Todas as carcaças permaneceram na primeira seção do resfriador durante 30 minutos e, em seguida, foram transferidas para outro tanque com água a 4ºC, permanecendo até atingir 7ºC. As carcaças foram pesadas antes e após o resfriamento por imersão, para avaliação da percentagem de água absorvida. A absorção de água foi influenciada pela temperatura inicial da água no pré-resfriador e pela dureza da água. Quando imersas inicialmente em água a 4ºC, as carcaças absorveram, em média, 2,70%, uma absorção significativamente menor do que a média de 3,83% observada nas carcaças que foram inicialmente imersas em água a 16ºC (p<0,05). As carcaças imersas em água a 10ºC apresentaram média de absorção de água de 3,66%, não diferindo das médias observadas nos outros tratamentos (p>0,05). Em água dura, a média de absorção de água foi de 2,46% e, em água mole, de 4,33% (p<0,05). Em todos os tratamentos, a absorção de água não excedeu o limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira, que é de, no máximo, 8%. Esta informação é importante para controlar a absorção de água pelas carcaças em processamento de carne de frango, impedindo que os consumidores sejam prejudicados.
Resumo:
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of lineage of oocytes donors on the number and quality of oocytes obtained through ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration in Nellore breed cows derived from two lineages of bulls (Karvadi; K and Taj-Mahal; T). Both maternal (Km and Tm) and paternal (Kp and Tp) lineages, as well as their combinations were investigated. Oocyte aspirations were repeatedly performed with an aspiration interval of 15 days in 56 donor females. Recovered cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs) were counted, morphologically examined and classified into seven categories (grades from I to VII) according to the number of layers of the cumulus oocyte and cytoplasm appearance. The mean number of oocytes retrieved from donors of lineage Tp-Tm was significantly higher (28.23±1.92, P<0.05) than those obtained from lineages Kp-Tm, Kp-Km, and Tp-Km (21.34±1.32, 21.28±1.73, and 16.72±1.31, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean number of recovered oocytes between donors of lineages Kp-Km and Kp-Tm, whereas animals of lineage Tp-Km yielded the lowest number of oocytes. Higher mean number of grade III oocytes was recovered from donors of lineage Kp than lineage Tp (10.11±0.66 versus 8.79±0.58, respectively), with more grade III oocytes being obtained in both lineages as compared to the others. Paternal lineage did not influence the quality of recovered oocytes in any other category, but both Kp and Tp yielded a great mean number of oocytes graded as I, II, and III (3.14±0.21; 4.93±0.33, and 10.11±0.66 versus 3.19±0.21, 5.59±0.44, and 8.79±0.58, respectively) than those classified as IV, V, VI, and VII. However, when considering the data from the maternal lineage significantly more oocytes (P<0.05) of grade I, II and III were obtained from Taj-Mahal (11.67 ± 0.67, 5.9±0.42 and 3.64±0.25, respectively) than for lineage Karvadi, with similar results for oocytes of grades IV, V, VI, and VII. Similarly to the paternal lineage, the number of oocytes of grade III was superior (P<0.05) when compared to other categories for both lineages. In conclusion, we demonstrate here a direct influence of lineage of oocyte donor on the production and quality of oocytes obtained through ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration in Nellore cows.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR
Resumo:
Origami folds and kirigami cuts merged in an oriental technique called Origamic Architecture (or 3D kirigami) that has intrinsic relationships with geometry as well as these paper arts. Despite its potential, it is not very used as a didactic resource because of the lack of parameters in its construction. There are many studies about programs development and computational language to help the design of pop-up structures, as origamic architecture is also known. However, there are few studies concerning the study of positioning the lines and creases, which is essential in the process of creating a 3D kirigami design, especially in the development of spatial perception of the figure. Limited to the 90o open type models, this article is about the establishment of some initial guidelines for design of an origamic architecture through visual elements as point, line and shape. It is presented some basic models to illustrate the constructive parameters detected as well as some models elaborated by the author, showing the viability of the guidelines established.
Resumo:
The geophysical methods may be employed in aquifer system studies, as determination of groundwater level, soil/rock contact, beyond estimative of the aquifer thickness horizon. The geoeletric methods are particularly relevant in evaluations of the oilfields systems, due to directs relations between porosity and electrical resistivity, which allow inferences about oil and gas production. The indirect estimative of the productions in free aquifers system is something complex before of the diverse variables responsible for factors or physical phenomena, as clays minerals, which conditioned the physical parameters by electric geophysical methods. This paper present analyzed correlation among electrical resistivity, chargeability and direct measure flow in shallow wells, for determination of statistical relationships between parameters and evaluation of the geological constraints evolved. The study count with the 23 shallow wells located in free aquifer, constituted by alteration materials of the granites localized in Caçapava do Sul (RS). The geophysical data are acquired by vertical electric sounding in Schlumberger array. The correlations between electrical resistivity and flow, chargeability and flow, thickness of the soil/saprolite and flow indicated relationships between physical and hydrogeologic parameters, with variations conditioned by factors as porosity, permeability, besides intrinsic geological heterogeneities such soil variable thickness and rock fragments with several alteration degrees.
Resumo:
Accidents caused by thermal, chemical, electrical or radioactive agents cause skin lesions causing burns of varying degrees. The therapeutic approach aims to restore damaged tissues and involves a wide range of products on the market. This study aims to evaluate the use of biological dressing, biotech product developed at the Blood Center of Botucatu / UNESP obtained from fresh frozen plasma or platelet concentrate with in vitro addition of thrombin and calcium gluconate. This addition in the platelet concentrate, intended to release the active growth factors of the platelets granules on the healing process. The study of the effectiveness of Platelet Gel home made in Wistar rats was established, in agreement with scald burns, comparing efficacy and cost of Platelet Gel with usual hospital -based treatment collagenase + chloramphenicol plus cost analysis through pharmacoeconomics. We used 25 Wistar rats were divided into 3 treatment groups: Group A, Collagenase + Chloramphenicol; Group B, Platelet Gel and C, control. The products were applied every other day for 30 days in animals. In group A, there was the presence of erythema and crust in all animals. The exudates was indentified 2/10 animals. For the Group B, we observed the presence of erythema and crust at all and no presence of exudates. In group C all the animals showed erythema with no presence of exudates and scab occurred in 1/10. Statistical analysis showed significant difference ( p < 0.0 ) for crust formation between Groups B and C. In the histological analysis, group A showed a slight amount of blood vessels and collagen fibers, moderate amounts of macrophages and fibroblasts was observed while B and C groups showed moderate amounts of blood vessels, macrophages and fibroblasts and discreet presence of collagen fibers. The re-epithelialization occurred in most animals of all groups without significant statistical differences. For the aspects of pharmacoeconomics, the platelet gel presented a better cost - effectiveness in relation to treatment based on collagenase / chloramphenicol. In light of the ethical aspects of the raw material is the result of spontaneous blood donation, the proposal should have biological dressings productions the responsibility of public blood transfusion centers for free distribution. This may point to the production chain of Brazilian blood banks like special blood components for use no intravenous.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Background: In the literature, there are several experimental models that induce scoliosis in rats; however, they make use of drugs or invasive interventions to generate a scoliotic curve. Objectives: To design and apply a non-invasive immobilization model to induce scoliosis in rats. Methods: Four-week old male Wistar rats (85 +/- 3.3 g) were divided into two groups: control (CG) and scoliosis (SG). The animals in the SG were immobilized by two vests (scapular and pelvic) made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and externally attached to each other by a retainer that regulated the scoliosis angle for twelve weeks with left convexity. After immobilization, the abdominal, intercostal, paravertebral, and pectoral muscles were collected for chemical and metabolic analyses. Radiographic reports were performed every 30 days over a 16-week period. Results: The model was effective in the induction of scoliosis, even 30 days after immobilization, with a stable angle of 28 +/- 5 degrees. The chemical and metabolic analyses showed a decrease (p<0.05) in the glycogenic reserves and in the relationship between DNA and total protein reserves of all the muscles analyzed in the scoliosis group, being lower (p<0.05) in the convex side. The values for the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance indicated a resistance condition to insulin (p<0.05) in the scoliosis group (0.66 +/- 0.03), when compared to the control group (0.81 +/- 0.02). Conclusions: The scoliosis curvature remained stable 30 days after immobilization. The chemical and metabolic analyses suggest changes in muscular homeostasis during the induced scoliosis process.
Resumo:
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A biofotogrametria é uma técnica difundida na área da saúde e, apesar dos cuidados metodológicos, há distorções nas leituras angulares das imagens fotográficas. OBJETIVO: Mensurar o erro das medidas angulares em imagens fotográficas com diferentes resoluções digitais em um objeto com ângulos pré-demarcados. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se uma esfera de borracha com 52 cm de circunferência. O objeto foi previamente demarcado com ângulos de 10º, 30º, 60º e 90º, e os registros fotográficos foram realizados com o eixo focal da câmera a três metros de distância e perpendicular ao objeto, sem utilização de zoom óptico e com resolução de 3, 5 e 10 Megapixels (Mp). Todos os registros fotográficos foram armazenados, e os valores angulares foram analisados por um experimentador previamente treinado, utilizando o programa ImageJ. As aferições das medidas foram realizadas duas vezes, com intervalo de 15 dias entre elas. Posteriormente, foram calculados os valores de acurácia, erro relativo e em graus, precisão e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). RESULTADOS: Quando analisado o ângulo de 10º, a média da acurácia das medidas foi maior para os registros com resolução de 3 Mp em relação às resoluções de 5 e 10 Mp. O ICC foi considerado excelente para as três resoluções de imagem analisadas e, em relação aos ângulos analisados nos registros fotográficos, pôde-se verificar maior acurácia, menor erro relativo e em graus e maior precisão para o ângulo de 90º, independentemente da resolução da imagem. CONCLUSÃO: Os registros fotográficos realizados com a resolução de 3 Mp proporcionaram medidas de maiores valores de acurácia e precisão e menores valores de erro, sugerindo ser a resolução mais adequada para gerar imagem de ângulos de 10º e 30º.