A modernização administrativa das instituições públicas federais: a administração estratégica como um enfoque gerencial para o IBGE

With the redefinition of the constitutional paper of the State, the federal Government developed through the Ministry of the Federal Administration and of the Reform of the State a ¿Director Plan of the Reform of the State Apparatus¿. Having as main objective the retaking of the capacity of management of the State, this Managing Plan proposes the introduction of the methodologies of modernization of the public administration and the revision in the ways of property of the State. As a complement to this Plan the Program of Quality and Participation in the Public Administration ¿ QPAP ¿ was developed. This Program proposes the accomplishment of some strategic projects. Among those projects it stands out the one of Restructuring and Quality in the Federal Executive Power, which defines as one of the work stages, the dissemination of the strategic planning in all the entities of the public administration. The strategic planning is considered nowadays only one of the stages of the strategic administration and it is fundamental that all elements of sistematization and analysis in all the phases of the administration of an organization are knomn. This dissertation tries to show that the dissemination of the strategic planning in the public institutions, especially in the IBGE, it is opportune and coherent, but that it will also be necessary to do an analysis of all the limitations and challenges that the leaders will face so that the strategic restructuring is implemented with the effective participation and all the employees commitment.

Visões das gerências da auditoriainterna da Petrobras sobre a sua estratégia de atuação em facedas práticas de mercado e da nova modelagem organizacional da companhia

The purpose of this study is to identify the strategic vision of the Internal Audit Department of Petrel Brasileiro S.A. PETROBRAS, in comparison with the audit function's proposals and practices in competitive organizations and their reality. It also aims at the verification of the possible solutions, within Petrobras itself, so as to constantly add value to the business and to the shareholders. With this in mind, a research was carried out, contemplating the conceptual proposals and market practices related to auditing and to the current diagnosis and the organizational model of Petrobras, so as to choose elements for comparison and analysis of such vision. The results of this research pointed in the direction of questioning the organizational value of the internal audit action, concluding that it will only be possible to continuously attain such value by means of a permanent coordination with the organization's strategic level. This is especially true if the audit action participates effectively in the process of Corporate Governance, in defining the risks, the internal control system and the measurement of corporate performance, as related to the development of the strategic plan. However, any action along these lines is still heavily impacted and limited by several aspects of culture and relationship of the organizational power as well as by the beliefs of the organization and of the body of auditors. The involvement of the auditors as employees was also considered relevant in the auditing process, by means of the participation of the audited entities in self assessment2. This procedure is still not sufficiently guaranteed by successful experiments in major organizations, considering that there is not a clear demonstration of the effective benefits of adopting this practice, as ompared to the central control, seldom shared but strongly monitored by integrated information systems. Finally, this research points to the need to renew the concept of the formation and role of the auditors in modern competitive organizations, in the face of information technology and of automation of the instrument controls of the business. Therefore, one may conclude that the trend will be toward an action aiming at the revision of formal internal control matrixes, as they are established in such systems. On the other hand, the majority of audit human resources will be increasingly deployed to the evaluation of risk and control, as related to relevant events of a more abstract nature, as in the case of those connected with the uncontrollable factors of the external environment.

Avaliação do estágio de desenvolvimento da responsabilidade social no Banco Central do Brasil

This study examines the corporate social responsibility (CSR) theme in Central Bank of Brazil (Bacen). The CSR movement is growing worldwide and it is related to values such as sustainability, ethics and transparency to the stakeholders. The study was performed in two parts. The first part consists of a bibliography research on the origins, the concept and the practice relating to CSR in the contemporary organizational environment. In the second part - field research - the Central Bank's Board of Directors and representatives of Ibase and Ethos Institute were interviewed and the content analysis method - a qualitative research method - was used in the interpretation of information obtained. The analysis of the interviews shows that the Board is receptive to the CSR development and that they consider the accomplishment of Central Bank's institutional mission fundamental in this process. The participation of the Bank's personnel and the incorporation of the CSR principles into the day-to-day practice are also considered necessary. Finally, one hundred indicators - based on the Ethos CSR Indicators - are proposed to evaluate the stage of development of social responsibility in Bacen on the following subjects: Values, Transparency and Governance; Internal Public; Natural Environment, Suppliers and Society. In summary, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge of corporate social responsibility and the best practices in the public sector, particularly in Central Bank of Brazil.

Instrumentos de apoio financeiro específicos a empresas localizadas em arranjos produtivos locais: um estudo de caso do APL de Nova Friburgo

In the last decade, the debate concerning more adequate means of promoting social and economic development, through policies of firm supporting, has been gaining strength. Among several means of support, there is one that addresses issues related to credit and funding. At the same time, interest on the phenomenon of firm agglomeration, known by clustering, is increasing, as well as one of its advantages - facilitating the development and strengthening of its firms. Additionally, there can be spotted advantages on clustering that allow tailoring financial instruments, specifically to firms in it, based on collective solutions, with better conditions. This dissertation focuses on how the capture of these opportunities is being done, in the presence of specific financial products to Brazilian clusters. The present analysis is conducted from the cluster located in Nova Friburgo and Region, specialized in women underwear. This study sought to capture advantages from three main collective solutions: information systems, guarantees systems, alternative funding. These solutions address to the following issues: information asymmetries, absence of guarantees from the credit taker, limited sources of funding. Semi-structured interviews were made with members of the cluster, when it was possible to identify that the capture of advantages is in its early stages, being limited by other issues, such as: adequate degree of human capital, governance framework and process inefficiencies.

Os possíveis efeitos da modalidade de licitação pregão em um órgão representante da administração pública direta: o exército brasileiro

Comércio eletrônico é um assunto que envolve múltiplos aspectos relacionados à utilização de infra-estrutura digital para suportar a transação de negócios. V árias são as formas de se exemplificar a aplicação de comércio eletrônico, como, por exemplo: utilização de quiosques de auto atendimento para a aquisição de refrigerantes, cartões telefônicos e café, obtenção de saldos bancários e pagamento de contas; utilização de armazenamento de dados de clientes que para fins de implantação de um programa de marketing de relacionamento; utilização de redes que interliguem organizações diversas, internamente ou externamente, para fins de otimização logística e permitir o fluxo de dados necessários à gestão das organizações Apesar das diversas possibilidades de se adotar práticas de comércio eletrônico, não se deve esperar que essas práticas sejam passíveis de serem replicadas, genericamente, por todas as organizações, pois estas diferem em sua composição, no que se trata das suas culturas, estruturas, estratégias e outros componentes. Devido ao caráter amplo do tema comércio eletrônico, este trabalho traz uma abordagem conceitual do mesmo e algumas das suas aplicações nas áreas de marketing, logística e governo eletrônico; apresenta alguns comentários sobre sistemas de informações e tecnologias de comunicação que os suportam; caracteriza as diferenças que existem entre as organizações, utilizando-se de um modelo organizacional que retrata as organizações como sendo um conjunto de forças: cultura e estrutura, estratégia, pessoas e seus papéis e tecnologia, em equilíbrio dinâmico entre si e inseridas no ambiente social, tecnológico, econômico e político e, como exemplo, infere a respeito de possíveis resultados que podem ser esperados a partir da adoção da modalidade de licitação pregão, eletrônico ou presencial, no âmbito de organizações militares do Exército Brasileiro, no que se refere à cultura, às pessoas e seus papéis e à tecnologia.

Um modelo exploratório para o processo de compra de MRO baseadas na internet Michelin Brasil

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo criar um modelo de compras de rMRO (manutenção, reparos e operações) baseado na Internet, para a Michelin no Brasil. Atualmente, a empresa Michelin está participando de uma comunidade virtual, sob a forma de um "vertal", criada pelas maiores empresas da indústria de pneu e borracha (Michelin, Goodyear, Pirelli, Continental, Cooper, Sumitomo, entre outras), e cuja intenção é desenvolver uma praça de mercado global para realização das suas compras e aprovisionamentos. A Rubbernetwork.com (RNC) foi fundada como uma empresa independente, reunindo o conjunto das compras da indústria de pneu e borracha, representando um valor de mais de cinqüenta bilhões de dólares por ano gastos em matérias-primas, equipamentos, maquinário, bens e serviços. Esta central de compras permitirá a seus membros aumentar a eficácia de suas operações e realizar economias substanciais nos custos de transação. Cada transação será protegida por apropriados sistemas advindos da implementação da tecnologia da informação, a fim de garantir a confidencialidade de todas as atividades comerciais de cada empresa individualmente. Os membros participantes estão convencidos de que a iniciativa possibilitará economias significativas e melhorará a eficiência de suas cadeias de valor. A comunidade virtual será aberta a todos os fabricantes e fornecedores relacionados à indústria de pneu e borracha, sendo também bem vindas oportunidades 2 de interação com outras comunidades virtuais, especialmente aquelas associadas à indústria automotiva. É dentro do contexto de implementação do projeto Rubbernetwork.com (RNC) que a dissertação se desenvolverá, tecendo estratégias e modelos de negócios concernentes aos processos de compras relacionados a MRO (manutenção, reparos e operações). O desenvolvimento de um "vertal" na Internet não impede que portais horizontais complementares, e não excludentes, sejam também acrescidos como alternativa de negócios. Há de se dar um tratamento específico às compras diárias que envolvem um grande número de diferentes fornecedores, várias áreas internas na empresa e consomem tempo desnecessário em trabalhos burocráticos, sem fins estratégicos. Cabe ressaltar que tal categoria de compras, denominada MRO, apesar de seu baixo valor por produto ou serviço adquirido, gera um elevado volume de transações e um alto impacto operacional. Pelo fato de tratar-se de uma experiência inovadora em setor de características próprias - mercado de pneu e borracha -, e de estar-se criando uma expectativa de cooperação entre empresas concorrentes, em busca da racionalização do processo de compras e divisão de custos operacionais, a metodologia utilizada, quanto aos seus fins, será exploratória e aplicada I. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a pesquisa realizada será: de campo, estudo de caso e bibliográfica. O universo da pesquisa restringir-se-á à empresa Michelin, onde o processo de compras de MRO baseado na Internet será contemplado, através de levantamento de dados nos E.UA e França, a fim de propor-se um modelo para a Michelin Brasil.

A influência dos pacotes de preço na decisão de consumo de serviços

O uso de pacotes de preços como tática de vendas é amplamente difundido, e diversas pesquisas comprovam a sua eficiência. Recentemente, Soman e Gourville (2001) sugeriram que os pacotes poderiam reduzir o consumo de serviços e, conseqüentemente, a lealdade do cliente. Com base nas teorias de custos irrecuperáveis e contabilidade mental, os autores propuseram uma nova teoria chamada dissociação da transação segundo a qual, dentro de um pacote, custos e benefícios não estão fortemente associados. Isso reduziria a pressão dos sunk costs para consumir o serviço comprado. Esta dissertação apresenta um teste da teoria da dissociação da transação, buscando replicar e estender os achados de Soman e Gourville (2001). Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito dos pacotes de preço no comportamento e nas percepções do consumidor, foi realizada uma pesquisa experimental em três etapas. A primeira consistiu de entrevistas de profundidade, a segunda foi um pré-teste do plano experimental e do instrumento de coleta de dados e a terceira etapa foi um experimento com o intuito de testar as hipóteses de pesquisa. Foi examinada, ainda, a existência de interação entre envolvimento e pacotes de preços. Os resultados não mostraram o esperado decréscimo no consumo de serviços adquiridos em pacotes, nem o efeito dos pacotes em avaliações de arrependimento, dor e intenção de recompra. Os pacotes, contudo, reduziram a percepção de desperdício no caso de não consumir o serviço comprado, indicando que o uso de pacotes de preços exerceu influência nessa variável. Após a apuração dos resultados, é apresentada uma discussão sobre as implicações teóricas desta pesquisa e são feitas recomendações para os gestores de marketing.

Alinhamento estratégico de TI: avaliando as percepções de executivos de negócio e TI

The Information Technology (IT) is a concept which has gained importance for organizations. It is expected that the strategic use of IT not only sustain the business operations of enterprises, but mainly leverage the initiative of new competitive strategies. However, these expectations on the earnings with the IT not have been achieved and questions arise about the return of the investments in IT. One of the causes is credited to the lack of alignment between the strategies of business and IT. The search of strategic alignment between IT and business takes to the necessity of measure it. This assessment can help identify whether the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, about the strategic alignment of IT, are similar or different. The objective of this work is to investigate the perceptions of business executives and IT executives in relation to the IT strategic alignment implemented in a selected organization. It was conducted a case study, in a company that provides services to the financial market. As a result, this work identified that there is no statistically significant difference between the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, related to the level of IT strategic alignment maturity implemented in the organization, and highlighted factors that promote this alignment: (a) senior management supports the IT (b) IT takes part of strategic planning, (c) IT understands the business of the company, and (d) there is a partnership between business and IT executives. Additionally, it was proposed that these similar perceptions result from the sharing of assumptions, knowledge and common expectations for the IT strategic alignment between the two groups of executives interviewed, and that led the company to achieve a higher level of IT strategic alignment. Each Practice of Strategic Alignment was examined separately. Although not have statistically significant differences between the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, the practices of Communication, Measures of Value and Competence, and Skills were better assessed by business executives and the practices of Governance and Partnerships have been better perceived by IT executives. The practice of Scope and Architecture and the IT Strategic Alignment, showed no differences in perceptions between the two groups of executives.

A complexidade da gestão em processos de internacionalização: como a cultura Nacional impacta o processo decisório de gestores brasileiros expatriados - o caso de uma empresa estatal do setor de energia

In a world where the companies are trying to compete on a global scale, the positioning strategies direct them to go beyond the geographical boundaries of their base countries, seeking for other markets, as a way to keep globally competitive. These conditions make crucial the roles performed by their managers, exposed to different contexts, mainly economical, political, social and cultural and to face the task to manage enterprises like a challenge, probably bigger than the one found on their base countries. This speech tries to examine how much expatriated Brazilian managers feel the influence of local cultural factors in their decisional processes, taking into consideration that they are embedded in their cultural home countries, and they can suffer an impact by the culture of other countries. With this research it is intended to gather empirical material that will supply clues and allow to advance on studies that will make a relationship between decisional process and local culture, through a case study in a Brazilian state-owned energy company and its subsidiaries in South American countries, hoping that the mentioned studies will somehow contribute to a better understanding of the problems that have been stressed in the last decades. Also considering that the vast majority of the theoretical and empirical material about this matter has its own source on the western developed countries and are, in this way, culture-bounded, we hope to increase the production of studies and researches applied to the Latin American reality, mainly the Brazilian one.

Uma abordagem teórica de empresas familiares: desafios e oportunidades

This paper aims at boosting a theoretical discussion on family operated companies in the Brazilian milieu. The methodology applied was based on bibliographical and qualitative research. The basic question raised by this study can be summarized as follows: Which factors should be taken into consideration, on the family business management, under a theoretical perspective? The answer to this question led the research to a better understanding of (i) the family corporate governance; (ii) the personal characteristics of the family business manager and his/her management style; (iii) the company's teamwork; (iv) role overlaping; (v) strategic direction and management assessment; (vi) the company's administrative divisions; (vii) and above all the crucial importance of the corporate governance for family businesses. The main results confirm the relevance of corporate governance in the country's big family businesses, and also point to manager's profile, teamwork, role overlaping (relatives & employees) and its conflicts, management departments, family's control and its strategic direction as ingredients of utmost importance.

Comportamento dos processos intra-organizacionais de aprendizagem tecnológica frente a uma mudança de estrutura de propriedade: o caso da TermoMacaé - PETROBRÁS

This academic work describes the interfirm technological learning processes behavior at a thermo plant throughout the years 2001 till 2007. Its former ownership structure was composed by two foreigners companies. This structure was changed by the acquisition of the company control by a Brazilian state owned company on April 2006. The company is a Natural Gas Fired Power Plant placed at Macaé City, at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil generating electric power right to National Integrated System (SIN). The goal of this research is verify how the technological knowledge had been acquired by the firm and how it had been spread out throughout the organization before and after the change of the ownership structure. The taxonomy applied to determining of ownership structure take in account three parameters: type, specific characteristic and the ownership structure itself. Technological Learning Interfirm Processes have been examined from a model of systemic approach that establishes four key characteristics: ¿variety, intensity, functioning and interaction¿. During 2001 until 2006, till the change of owner structure, the firm developed its own learning processes in its own operational routines. The main learning processes have been identified from empirical evidences. It has been adopted the cut line at year of 2006 for the comparison among the technological learning processes behavior, when the change of ownership structure took place. The data capture occurred within April and August 2007 covering since 2001. Verified the behavior of these learning processes before and after the ownership structure changed from private property to state owned property. The conclusion of this case study suggests that interfirm processes of technological learning identified by the research had their dynamical behavior promptly affected by a change from private to ownerstate ownership structure, exposing the company to a poor performance in its industry, due to the lack of 51% of the technological intrafirm learning processes and reduction of the acquisition of new technical knowledge and its conversion throughout the organization.

Relacionamento Interpessoal entre Compradores e Vendedores: Troca de Atendimento em Vendas e o Impacto na Continuidade das Relações Comerciais.

In a highly competitive environment, the ability to retain a substantial customer base represents a tremendous competitive advantage, therefore this transaction-based emphasis in sales is increasingly being replaced by relationally focused approach. Although existing sales literature is in agreement to the theoretical composition of buyer-seller relationships, a lack of empirical evidence exists for the interrelationships of various aspects of relational selling on individual salesperson¿s performance. This paper explores the impact of interpersonal relationships on customer satisfaction and loyalty towards the firm. Based on a review of different streams of research, the paper contributes to the existing theories using a case analysis of customer behavior when there is salesperson turnover. Much of the relationship with the company comes from trust in the salesperson, which is built up through the development of the relationship. The existence of a friendship interpersonal relationship with a salesperson also increases the customer willingness to follow him in case he leaves the company, thus possibly switching to another service provider. Utilizing a case analysis method this paper has the objective to find evidences that could prove the positive or negative impact of the salesperson¿s turnover in the organizations. Finally, the paper discusses managerial implications and directions for future research.

O impacto das práticas ITIL na flexibilidade organizacional - evidências empíricas em uma empresa multinacional de TI

The present work has as main objective the identification and impact analysis for the practice ITIL in the organizational flexibility of a multinational IT company, being this study of quali-quantitative and exploratory nature. To achieve this objective, some theoretical studies on bureaucracy, organization flexibility, control, IT governance and ITIL were done, as a form to better understand the research problem. For analysis effect a set of eleven ITIL process was considered in this research ¿ service desk, incident management, problem management, change management, configuration management, release management, service level management, availability management, capacity management, continuity management and finally IT financial services management ¿ grouped in its two core areas ¿ service support and service delivery. Then a scale was constructed and validated, on the basis of theoretical models developed by Volberda (1997), Tenório (2002) and Golden and Powell (1999), to measure the flexibility related to each process comprising the ITIL core. The dimensions adopted to measure flexibility were: organization design task, managerial task, IT impact on work force, HR management, efficiency impact, sensitivity, versatility and robustness. The instrument used in research was a semi-structured interview, which was divided in two parts. The data collection was performed with ten interviewed people from an IT multinational company, based on convenience, some were managers and there were users, some were ITIL certified and others not. The statistic tests of t student and Wilcoxon non-parametric were adopted. The result of the research indicated that the ITIL service support area, for possessing greater operational focus, presents flexibility trend. The opposite was found for the service delivery area, which has greater tactical focus. The results also suggest that the change management discipline was the one that contributed for the most flexibility inside the company, followed by incident management discipline and the service desk function.

A dinâmica da lentidão: organizações públicas como inibidoras do desenvolvimento

O objetivo da tese é o de analisar a relação entre a dinâmica social das organizações integrantes da gestão pública e a promoção do desenvolvimento por projetos financiados por Bancos Multilaterais. Para buscar comprová-lo, realizou-se pesquisa cujo enfoque foi no PROAP-II, programa de desenvolvimento urbano financiado pelo BID. A pesquisa utilizou-se de diversos meios, como entrevistas, consulta a documentos e observação. Partindo-se da premissa de que o Estado tem papel fundamental na promoção do desenvolvimento, vê-se que grupos de interesse, dispondo de poder e via os processos democráticos, conseguem capturar o estado – principalmente porque a baixa cultura cívica no Brasil propicia tal oportunidade. Neste panorama ocorre a dinâmica social das organizações públicas, objeto da pesquisa. Os principais resultados encontrados foram a constatação do patrimonialismo, do personalismo e do formalismo na forma de se gerenciar o Programa, resultando numa atuação focada no curto prazo, caracterizada por disputas de poder, tentativa de apresentação da atuação como legítima, criação de domínio exclusivo – a feudalização organizacional, gerando fragmentação de recursos e atuação e um quadro de baixa cooperação interna. Estes elementos, por fim, tiveram impacto no desempenho do Programa pesquisado, quer seja pelas perdas de eficiência, ou resultados aquém dos possíveis, ou ainda pelo fato da atuação não ser tão pertinente quanto divulgada. Na medida, portanto, em que o desempenho do Programa é pior que o possível, sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento é menor que a potencial, o que gera a lentidão do processo de desenvolvimento, realimentando o ciclo, gerando transformações mais lentas do que as necessárias (e desejáveis). Pode-se concluir, enfim, que a maneira peculiar de funcionamento das organizações públicas, esta advinda da captura do estado e denominada dinâmica social, gera impactos negativos nos três elementos que caracterizam o desempenho de um projeto de desenvolvimento, cuja solução, supõe-se, encontra-se no incremento à governança social, haja vista a estrutura de incentivos presentes na sociedade que servem como habilitadoras do quadro encontrado.

O Estado articulador e o direcionamento de redes de política pública

Parcerias entre governo e organizações sociais vêm tornando-se uma importante ferramenta para a execução de políticas públicas. Paulatinamente, estas associações ampliam seu escopo abarcando governos de diferentes jurisdições, ONGs e comunidades. À medida que se intensifica a interdependência dos atores, a linha entre público e privado é redesenhada, surgindo novas formas de ação social coordenada ou governança. Este estudo baseia-se nas evidências empíricas obtidas a partir de entrevistas em profundidade, feitas com praticantes dos governos dos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, para estabelecer o modelo conceitual dessas parcerias, identificado aqui como direcionamento de redes de política pública. Esse modelo facilita o entendimento das relações existentes no Brasil entre governos estaduais e seus parceiros, e auxilia praticantes e políticos a isolarem falhas e a aperfeiçoarem a execução de seus programas em conjunto com a sociedade civil.