Erupted odontomas: a report of three cases and review of the literature

Introduction: Odontomas are benign odontogenic tumors composed of enamel, dentine, cement and pulp tissue. They are usually clinically asymptomatic, but often associated with tooth eruption disturbances. In exceptional cases the odontoma erupts into the mouth. The present study reports three cases of odontomas erupted into the oral cavity and reviews the literature. Clinical cases: The first case was an 11-year-old girl with impacted 4.6 associated to a radiopaque mass measuring about 2 cm in diameter. The histological diagnosis was complex odontoma. A clinical and radiological follow-up of 4.6 was carried out until its spontaneous eruption. The second case was a 26-year-old male presenting a hard, yellowish-brown mass located distal to the upper left second molar. Computed tomography confi rmed the presence of a radiopaque lesion, and the histopathological study confirmed a complex odontoma. The third patient was a 27-year-old male reporting tongue irritation due to tooth eruption in the inferior lingual region. A periapical radiograph revealed a mixed radiopaque lesion associated to impacted 3.2. The histological report in this case indicated a compound odontoma. Discussion: Odontomas erupting into the oral cavity are rare. The first case was published in 1980, and since then only 17 cases have been reported in the literature. Eight of the 17 cases were complex odontomas; the rest were compound odontomas. Pain, swelling and infection were the most common symptoms, and 13 cases presented an impacted tooth associated with the lesion

Victòria i derrota, el sacrifici darrere les medalles

La següent memòria explica la creació del reportatge audiovisual titulat “Victòria i derrota, el sacrifici darrere les medalles”. En aquest s’explica la historia de tres joves esportistes que s’exerciten al Centre d’Alt Rendiment (CAR) de Sant Cugat del Vallès. Alberto, un jove gallec que juga a tenis taula i aspira a competir en les olimpíades paral•límpiques de Rio de Janeiro al 2016; Carles, un gimnasta intern al centre i Irene, una jove que practica waterpolo. Mitjançant la historia, comentaris i vivències dels tres protagonistes, es mostra al públic com és la vida d’un esportista al CAR.

Tyttötyötä luovasti

Toteutimme toiminnallisen opinnäytetyömme Merikasarmin nuorisotalolla. Pidimme kaksi taidepajaa 10-13 -vuotiaille tytöille. Pajojen aiheena oli " Minä nyt, minä tulevaisuudessa". Työmme tarkoituksena on toteuttaa mielekästä identiteettiä tukevaa taidetoimintaa ja arvioida tätä toteutunutta toimintaa peilaten sitä työmme teoreettiseen viitekehykseen. Työmme tarkoitus on hahmottaa lyhytkestoisen luovan toiminnan mahdollisuuksia tyttöjen identiteettityön ja voimaantumisen tukemisessa. Tavoitteenamme on myös innostaa nuorisotyön toimijoita järjestämään erityisesti tytöille suunnattua toimintaa, joka ei välttämättä vaadi suuria resursseja. Järjestämämme toiminnan taustalla vaikuttaa sosiaalipedagoginen orientaatio, jonka osa-alueista etenkin elämyspedagogiikka, voimaantuminen ja identiteettityö luovat perustan työmme teoreettiselle viitekehykselle. Lisäksi olemme ottaneet huomioon tyttötyön ja monikulttuurisen nuorisotyön periaatteita ja toimintamalleja. Taidepajojen ohjelmassa hyödynnettiin luovuuden ja itseilmaisun eri osa-alueita. Tytöt pääsivät toteuttamaan itseään tekemällä kollaaseja, maalauksia ja käsikoruja. Lisäksi taidepajat sisälsivät keskustelua, musiikkia, yhteisleikkejä ja rentoutumista. Arvioidaksemme teorian ja käytännön vuoropuhelua sekä työmme tarkoituksen ja tavoitteiden onnistumista havainnoimme toteutunutta toimintaa ja keräsimme palautetta palautelomakkeilla. Sekä oma havainnointimme että tytöiltä saatu suullinen ja kirjallinen palaute osoitti toiminnan tarpeelliseksi ja mielekkääksi. Havaitsimme, että myös lyhytkestoiselle luovaan toimintaan painottuvalle tyttötyölle on sosiaalista tilausta. Tytöt kokivat myös taidetoiminnan ohella käymämme keskustelut merkityksellisiksi. Lyhytkestoisella luovalla toiminnalla ei välttämättä pystytä saavuttamaan yhtä syvällisiä tuloksia kuin pitkäkestoisen toiminnan järjestämisellä, mutta tällaisen toiminnan avulla voidaan kuitenkin antaa työkaluja nuoren identiteetin kehittymiselle ja oman elämänhallinnan vahvistumiselle. Koemme, että vastaavanlaisen toiminnan järjestämisestä olisi jatkossakin hyötyä Merikasarmin nuorisotalolla ja myös muilla nuorisotyön tahoilla. Toivomme, että nuorisotyön pieniä resursseja osattaisiin hyödyntää tyttötyön järjestämisessä, sillä onnistunut ja tarpeeseen tuleva toiminta ei aina vaadi suurta rahallista ja ajallista panostusta.

Short stature and primary ovarian insufficiency possibly due to chromosomal position effect in a balanced X;1 translocation.

BACKGROUND: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche (primary amenorrhea), a decrease in the initial primordial follicle number, high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and hypoestrogenism. Although the etiology of a majority of POI cases is not yet identified, several data suggest that POI has a strong genetic component. Conventional cytogenetic and molecular analyses have identified regions of the X chromosome that are associated with ovarian function, as well as POI candidate genes, such as FMR1 and DIAPH2. Here we describe a 10.5-year-old girl presenting with high FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, pathologic GH stimulation arginine and clonidine tests, short stature, pterygium, ovarian dysgenesis, hirsutism and POI. RESULTS: Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a balanced reciprocal translocation between the q arms of chromosomes X and 1, with breakpoints falling in Xq21 and 1q41 bands. Molecular studies did not unravel any chromosome microdeletion/microduplication, and no XIST-mediated inactivation was found on the derivative chromosome 1. Interestingly, through immunofluorescence assays, we found that part of the Xq21q22 trait, translocated to chromosome 1q41, was late replicating and therefore possibly inactivated in 30 % metaphases both in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts, in addition to a skewed 100 % inactivation of the normal X chromosome. These findings suggest that a dysregulation of gene expression might occur in this region. Two genes mapping to the Xq translocated region, namely DIAPH2 and FMR1, were found overexpressed if compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case in which gonadal dysgenesis and POI are associated with over-expression of DIAPH2 gene and of FMR1 gene in wild type form. We hypothesize that this over-expression is possibly due to a phenomenon known as "chromosomal position effect", which accounts for gene expression variations depending on their localization within the nucleus. For the same effect a double mosaic inactivation of genes mapping to the Xq21-q22 region, demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays, may be the cause of a functional Xq partial monosomy leading to most Turner traits of the proband's phenotype.

Ventricularisation of the left atrium: a rare cause of left ventricular dysfunction in a patient with mitral valve prolapse

Case: A 11 yo girl with Marfan syndrome was referred to cardiac MR (CMR) to measure the size of her thoracic aorta. She had a typical phenotype with arachnodactyly, abnormally long arms, and was tall and slim (156 cm, 28 kg, body mass index 11,5 kg/m2). She complained of no symptoms. Cardiac auscultation revealed a prominent mid-systolic click and an end-systolic murmur at the apex. A recent echocardiogram showed a moderately dilated left ventricle with normal function and a mitral valve prolapse with moderate mitral valve regurgitation. CMR showed a dilatation of the aortic root (38 mm, Z-score 8.9) and a severe prolapse of the mitral valve with regurgitation. The ventricular cavity was moderately dilated (116 ml/m2) and its contraction was hyperdynamic (stroke volume (SV): 97 ml; LVEF 72%, with the LV volumes measured by modified Simpson method from the apex to the mitral annulus). In this patient however, the mitral prolapse was characterized by a severe backward movement of the valve toward the left atrium (LA) in systole and the dyskinetic movement of the atrioventricular plane caused a ventricularisation of a part of the LA in systole (Figure). This resulted in a significant reduction of LVEF: more than ¼ of the apparent SV was displaced backwards into the ventricularized LA volume, reducing the effective LVEF to 51% (effective SV 69ml). Moreover, by flow measurement, the SV across the ascending aorta was 30 ml (cardiac index 2.0 l/min/m2) allowing the calculation of a regurgitant fraction across the mitral valve of 56%, which was diagnostic for a severe mitral valve insufficiency. Conclusion: This case illustrates the phenomenon of a ventricularisation of the LA where the severe prolapse gives the illusion of a higher attachement of the mitral leaflets within the atrial wall. Besides the severe mitral regurgitation, this paradoxical backwards movement of the valve causes an intraventricular unloading during systole reducing the apparent LVEF of 72% to an effective LVEF of only 51%. In addition, forward flow fraction is only 22% after accounting for the regurgitant volume, as well. This combined involvement of the mitral valve could explain the discrepancy between a low output state and an apparently hyperdynamic LV contraction. Due to its ability to precisely measure flows and volumes, CMR is particularly suited to detect this phenomenon and to quantify its impact on the LV pump function.

La influència dels jocs cooperatius en la millora de les relacions interpersonals i la cohesió d'un grup

Actualment la tasca que desenvolupa l’escola és procurar que tots els infants es desenvolupin integralment, independentment de les característiques. En aquest marc sorgeix l’escola inclusiva, la qual ha d’estar preparada per atendre a tots i fer que aprenguin alumnes diferents al màxim de les seves possibilitats. Perquè això sigui real, l’escola ha de buscar noves maneres per a què els alumnes puguin aprendre no tan sols contingut sinó també valors, habilitats socials, cognitives, lingüístiques, entre moltes altres. Es per aquest motiu que la recerca vol portar a la pràctica i comprovar si mitjançant una eina lúdica, com són els jocs cooperatius, es milloren algunes habilitats socials i la cohesió d’un grup classe, en el qual també es té en compte la integració social d’una nena diagnosticada amb Trastorns Generalitzats del Desenvolupament (TGD) i, concretament, presenta trets autistes. Aquesta activitat educativa proporciona contextos nous on interactuar i desenvolupar bones pautes de relació per a tots així com també afavoreix la cohesió de grup, les relacions interpersonals i la integració d’infants amb dificultats en la interacció social.

Congenital lobar emphysema presenting as an airway foreign body.

We report here the case of a 15 months old girl presenting with clinical signs and radiological exams highly suggestive of a foreign body (FB) aspiration. Diagnostic endoscopy revealed an overlooked bronchial malformation responsible for a congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). CLE presenting after one year of age is rare and can easily be misdiagnosed. Therefore, the possibility of an overlooked CLE needs to be known and evoked as an alternative diagnosis when dealing with children presenting with suspected FB aspirations. We report on this unexpected, yet misleading presentation of CLE and review the available literature on the subject.

A química na educação da Princesa Isabel

The private archive of the Brazilian Imperial Family holds a wealth of little known documents about the education of the daughters of Emperor D. Pedro II, especially of the eldest, Isabel, Princess Imperial. Science, particularly chemistry, for which her father had a particular fondness, occupied an important place in the girl's education. The study of these documents sheds a new light on the contrast between female education in the country in general, during most of the 19th century, and the careful upbringing envisaged by the Emperor for his future successor.

Approaching the experiences of young immigrants for the citizenship learning

This thesis seeks to answer the question: how do the participation experiences of young girl immigrant contribute to citizenship learning? Citizenship learning in youth comes from different contexts(family, school, friends and leisure and ambiguous) –where participation experiences take place–, combined with interpersonal relationships and personal dispositions (BiestaLawy& Kelly, 2009). So that, I want to know which are the young girl immigrants’ contextsand relationships and which kind of learning comes from each one. In addition, being young, girl and immigrant, are categories to take into account to understand their learnings.

Puritaanitytön päiväkirja 1700-luvun Bostonista

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Valokuvan voimauttavat mahdollisuudet

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Poptähden muotokuva. Myytit, arkkityypit ja Michael Jacksonin video Smooth Criminal (1988)

Tämä tutkielma käsittelee poptähti Michael Jacksonin tähtikuvaa populaarina myyttinä arkkityyppien näkökulmasta. Tutkimus käsittelee myös tähteyden historiaa ja siirtymää klassisesta Hollywood -tähteydestä postmoderniin tähteyteen. Tutkimus pyrkii selvittämään Jacksonin positiota kulttuurisella tähtikentällä ja sitä, mitä uutta rajatilasankarin, initiaation ja tricksterin arkkityypit voivat kertoa tunnetusta poptähdestä. Tutkimusaineistoksi on valittu Jacksonin Moonwalker –elokuva (1988) ja sen sisällä oleva Smooth Criminal -osio, joka sisältää juonellisen tarinan ja musiikkivideokohtauksen. Smooth Criminal -musiikkikohtaus viittaa kulta-ajan Hollywood -tähden Fred Astairen Band Wagon –musikaalin (1953) Girl Hunt Ballet -musikaalinumeroon. Tutkimuksen kulttuurihistoriallisessa osiossa tuodaan vertailuun Astairen ja Jacksonin erilaiset tähteydet, videoiden narratiivit ja sankaruudet, joita tähdet ilmentävät narratiiveissa. Arkkityyppeihin keskittyvässä osiossa sama Smooth Criminal -narratiivi luetaan uudestaan näiden kolmen arkkityypin kautta, jolloin Jacksonin tähtikuvasta avautuu uusia aspekteja. Tutkimuksen teoreettisen rungon muodostavat sveitsiläisen analyyttisen psykologian perustajan Carl Gustav Jungin teoria arkkityypeistä ja tätä teoriaa soveltava postjungilainen tutkimus. Tutkimuksen kulttuurihistoriallinen puoli pohjaa perinteiseen tähtitutkimukseen ja erityisesti Richard Dyerin sekä Edgar Morinin teoksiin. Käytän postjungilaista elokuva- ja tähtitutkimusta tutkimuksessani, joista tärkeimpiä ovat John Izodin ja Luke Hockleyn teokset. Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että tähteys on kulttuurisidonnaista ja ilmentää omaa aikaansa. Astairen tähteys ja narratiivin sankaruus koostuu muutamista pelkistetyistä aspekteista. Jackson on tähtenä eräänlainen hybridisankari, jossa yhdistyvät monet vastakkaiset merkitykset. Rajatilasankarin, initiaation ja tricksterin arkkityypit ovat kaikki löydettävissä tutkinnan kohteena olevasta narratiivista. Arkkityyppien kautta voi nähdä, että Jacksonin ilmensi tähteydessään myös näitä kaikille ihmisille yhteisiä psyykkisiä sisältöjä, mikä voi osaltaan selittää hänen globaalia suosiotaan.

Aneurisma de aorta abdominal na infância

The authors report a case of an abdominal aortic aneurism involving all visceral branches minus the Inferior Mesenteric artery in a 4-year-old girl. There was sugestive evidence that the arterial disease had an inflamatory or infectious etiologic factor. The most probable etiological factors could be salmonelas infection of the arterial wall or Takayasu's disease secondary to tuberculosis. The treatment with antibiotic to salmonelas infection during ten days, followed by tuberculostatic therapy for six months was chosen. Concerning the age, the arteries involved and the inflamatory aspect of the aneurysm, the surgical option became an alternative to the clinic treatment in case of any future evidence of the aneurysm enlargement. The patient became asymptomatic as soon as the antibiotic has been started. The control of the aneurysm evolution will be made by ecography each three months.

Perfuração gástrica secundária a tricobezoar gigante: descrição de caso e revisão da literatura

Gastric bezoars are impactations offoreign material in lhe stomach. When they are caused by hail; they are named tricho- bezoars. The complications oftrichobezoars are very rare. In this papel; we describe a case of a 16-year-old girl that had a previous history oftricophagia, and had an acute abdominal pain with a pneumoperitoneum in the abdomen radiography. An operation was performed and a gastric perforation was founded associated with a giant trichobezoa7: The trichobezoar was removed by traction through a gastrostomy which was performed in order to remove lhe trichobezoa7: Some fragments of the ulcer were obtained to histological study. The gastrostomy was treated by a gastrorraphy confection. In lhe post- operative period a left subfrenic abscess was revealed and has been drained by laparatomy 15 days after the fisrt operation. After the second surgical procedure the patient had a good evolution, and left the hospital in good health conditions.

Gravidez após transplante hepático

The objective of the present study is to report a sucessful pregnancy in a 28 year-old female who underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation two years ago due to type I auto immune he patitis. Patient was taking cyclosporin, prednisone and azathioprine for maintenance immunossupression and had good graft function during all the pregnancy. The liver function tests were normal during the pregnancy. Fetal growth was monitored by ultrasonographic examination and showed normal development. At the end of the third trimester, she was subjected to a cesarean bearing a healthy girl weighting 2,320 kg. She was discharged with normal liver functions tests and no complications.