Cross-cultural adaptation, validation and reliability of the Body Area Scale for Brazilian adolescents

The aim of this study was to translate, validate and verify the reliability of the Body Area Scale (BAS). Participants were 386 teenagers, enrolled in a private school. Translation into Portuguese was conducted. The instrument was evaluated for internal consistency and construct validation analysis. Reproducibility was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test and the coefficient of interclass correlation. The BAS demonstrated good values for internal consistency (0.90 and 0.88) and was able to discriminate boys and girls according to nutritional state (p = 0.020 and p = 0.026, respectively). BAS scores correlated with adolescents' BMI (r = 0.14, p = 0.055; r = 0.23, p = 0.001) and WC (r =0.13, p = 0.083; r = 0.22, 0.002). Reliability was confirmed by the coefficient of inter-class correlation (0.35, p < 0.001; 0.60, p < 0.001) for boys and girls, respectively. The instrument performed well in terms of understanding and time of completion. BAS was successfully translated into Portuguese and presented good validity when applied to adolescents.

Pós-alta em Hanseníase no Ceará: limitação da atividade funcional, consciência de risco e participação social

Caracterizar a limitação funcional, de atividade, consciência de risco, e restrição à participação social em pessoas atingidas pela hanseníase no pós-alta. Estudo seccional-descritivo com 69 residentes em Sobral, Ceará, com alta entre 2003 a 2005. Foram realizados exame físico dermato-neurológico, avaliação demográfica, de limitação funcional-atividade-consciência de risco e de restrição à participação social. Vinte (28,9%) apresentaram escores SALSA 19 e 20 e escore EHF zero. O maior escore EHF foi alcançado por dois participantes, com 25 e 28 na escala SALSA. Na escala de participação 37 (53,6%) não apresentaram restrição e tinham escore EHF zero. Dois (2,9%) com escore EHF zero tinham leve restrição e 1 (1,5%), grande restrição. Reafirma-se a potencialidade destas ferramentas para a atenção integral aos portadores.

Satisfação no trabalho e capacidade para o trabalho entre docentes universitários

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi verificar a correlação entre satisfação no trabalho e capacidade para o trabalho de docentes universitários. Este é um estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Dele fizeram parte 154 docentes, dos quais 50,6% eram homens e 49,4% eram mulheres e cuja idade média era de 39,25 anos. A coleta de dados incluiu três questionários: 1. Dados sociodemográficos e funcionais, 2. Escala de satisfação no trabalho; 3. Índice de capacidade para o Trabalho - ICT. A satisfação no trabalho e o ICT mostraram correlação estatisticamente significativa (r=0,23, p<0,01). Conclui-se que o aumento da satisfação no trabalho pode melhorar a capacidade para o trabalho entre os docentes.

Limitação de atividades e participação social em pacientes com diabetes

Objetivos: Avaliar a limitação de atividades e a participação social em indivíduos portadores de diabetes melito tipo 2. Métodos: Foram avaliados 79 pacientes, utilizando-se a escala SALSA (Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness - Triagem de Limitação de Atividade e Consciência de Risco), e a escala de Participação, que abrange oito das nove principais áreas da vida definidas na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) da OMS. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi 61,6 ± 9,8 anos, sendo 55,7 por cento do sexo feminino, 68,4 por cento com companheiro(a), 32,9 por cento com renda até 3 salários mínimos e em 13,9 por cento o diabete influenciou na ocupação. O tempo médio de doença foi 10,3 ± 8,9 anos. Tratamento de 39,3 por cento dos participantes foi com insulina, 70,9 por cento com medicação oral, 51,9 por cento com dieta e 45,6 por cento com exercícios físicos. 48,1 por cento apresentavam alguma complicação da doença. A média de pontos SALSA foi 26,5 ± 11,6 e houve maior pontuação quando o tempo de doença foi superior a 10 anos. Com a evolução do diabetes, pode haver necessidade de insulinoterapia, aparecem as complicações, que podem interferir na ocupação. Estes fatores parecem contribuir para a limitação de atividade. A média de pontos na Escala de Participação foi 9,8±10,9, com maior pontuação quando os entrevistados consideraram sua saúde física alterada no último ano e faziam uso de insulina. Conclusões: A limitação de atividades no diabetes melito tipo 2 se associou ao tempo de doença, com possível contribuição de fatores que ocorrem com sua evolução. Auto-avaliação de saúde física alterada e insulinoterapia se associaram a restrição social

Storage effect on the acceptability of snacks made of pure amaranth and blends of amaranth and corn or chickpea

Snacks made by extrusion cooking of pure amaranth flour or mixtures of 80 per cent amaranth flour and 20 per centcorn grits or chickpea flour were developed to replace the traditional commercial ones with improved nutritional and functional quality. Pure amaranth snacks and the blended ones were flavored with salty and sweet flavors and evaluated for acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. The good acceptance observed for either salty or sweet flavored snacks indicated that they have characteristics to compete with similar commercial products. Acceptability of salty snacks increased with storage time at room temperature in BOPP (polypropylene bi-guided) packs whereas slightly decreased for the sweet ones. This type of storage proved to be very efficient for the conservation of the salty product and also suitable for the sweet ones

Psychometric evaluation of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS)

Eating attitudes are defined as beliefs, thoughts, feelings, behaviors and relationship with food. They could influence people’s food choices and their health status. Objective: This study aimed to adapt from Portuguese to English the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS) and evaluate its validity and reliability. The original scale in Portuguese was translated and adapted into English and was applied to female university students of University of Minnesota—USA (n = 224). Internal consistency was determined (Cronbach’s Alpha). Convergent validity was assessed by correlations between Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and Restrain Scale (RS). Reliability was evaluated applying twice the scale to a sub-sample (n = 30). The scale was back translated into Portuguese and compared with the original version and discrepancies were not found. The internal consistency was .76. The DEAS total score was significantly associated with EAT-26 (r = 0.65) and RS (r = 0.69) scores. The correlation between test–retest was r = 0.9. The English version of DEAS showed appropriate internal consistency, convergent validity and test–retest reliability and will be useful to assess eating attitudes in different population groups in English spoken countries

Direct measurement of intrinsic atomic scale magnetostriction

Using differential x-ray absorption spectroscopy (DiffXAS) we have measured and quantified the intrinsic, atomic-scale magnetostriction of Fe(81)Ga(19). By exploiting the chemical selectivity of DiffXAS, the Fe and Ga local environments have been assessed individually. The enhanced magnetostriction induced by the addition of Ga to Fe was found to originate from the Ga environment, where lambda(gamma,2)(approximate to (3/2)lambda(100)) is 390 +/- 40 ppm. In this environment, < 001 > Ga-Ga pair defects were found to exist, which mediate the magnetostriction by inducing large strains in the surrounding Ga-Fe bonds. For the first time, intrinsic, chemically selective magnetostrictive strain has been measured and quantified at the atomic level, allowing true comparison with theory.

Density functional theory study of Fe(3)Ga

First-principles scalar relativistic calculations in supercells of 16 atoms are used to represent disordered B2 ordering of Fe(3)Ga in order to observe the effect of Ga-Ga pairs on the electronic structure of this alloy. From a comparison with pure bcc Fe it is observed that the energy position and occupation of e(g) and t(2g) states are largely affected by the Ga-Ga pairs and strengthened intraplane interactions takes place. The results show that a larger hybridization of the conduction band is in the source of the magnetostriction enhancement experimentally observed in Galfenol. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3525609]

EVALUATING VIBRATIONS ON A SMALL-SCALE MODEL OF A TIMBER FOOTBRIDGE

In Brazil, the study of pedestrian-induced vibration on footbridges has been undertaken since the early 1990s, for concrete and steel footbridges. However, there are no recorded studies of this kind for timber footbridges. Brazilian code ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) gives design requirements only for static loads in the case of timber footbridges, without considering the serviceability limit state from pedestrian-induced vibrations. The aim of this work is to perform a theoretical dynamic, numerical and experimental analysis on simply-supported timber footbridges, by using a small-scale model developed from a 24 m span and 2 m width timber footbridge, with two main timber beams. Span and width were scaled down (1:4) to 6 m e 0.5 in, respectively. Among the conclusions reached herein, it is emphasized that the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is suitable for calculating the vertical and lateral first natural frequencies in simply-supported timber footbridges; however, special attention should be given to the evaluation of lateral bending stiffness, as it leads to conservative values.

Time-frequency and time-scale analysis of Barkhausen noise signals

Carrying out information about the microstructure and stress behaviour of ferromagnetic steels, magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) has been used as a basis for effective non-destructive testing methods, opening new areas in industrial applications. One of the factors that determines the quality and reliability of the MBN analysis is the way information is extracted from the signal. Commonly, simple scalar parameters are used to characterize the information content, such as amplitude maxima and signal root mean square. This paper presents a new approach based on the time-frequency analysis. The experimental test case relates the use of MBN signals to characterize hardness gradients in a AISI4140 steel. To that purpose different time-frequency (TFR) and time-scale (TSR) representations such as the spectrogram, the Wigner-Ville distribution, the Capongram, the ARgram obtained from an AutoRegressive model, the scalogram, and the Mellingram obtained from a Mellin transform are assessed. It is shown that, due to nonstationary characteristics of the MBN, TFRs can provide a rich and new panorama of these signals. Extraction techniques of some time-frequency parameters are used to allow a diagnostic process. Comparison with results obtained by the classical method highlights the improvement on the diagnosis provided by the method proposed.

The Effect of Spatial Scale on Predicting Time Series: A Study on Epidemiological System Identification

A susceptible-infective-recovered (SIR) epidemiological model based on probabilistic cellular automaton (PCA) is employed for simulating the temporal evolution of the registered cases of chickenpox in Arizona, USA, between 1994 and 2004. At each time step, every individual is in one of the states S, I, or R. The parameters of this model are the probabilities of each individual (each cell forming the PCA lattice ) passing from a state to another state. Here, the values of these probabilities are identified by using a genetic algorithm. If nonrealistic values are allowed to the parameters, the predictions present better agreement with the historical series than if they are forced to present realistic values. A discussion about how the size of the PCA lattice affects the quality of the model predictions is presented. Copyright (C) 2009 L. H. A. Monteiro et al.

Anticipation of pain enhances the nociceptive transmission and functional connectivity within pain network in rats

Background: Expectation is a very potent pain modulator in both humans and animals. There is evidence that pain transmission neurons are modulated by expectation preceding painful stimuli. Nonetheless, few studies have examined the influence of pain expectation on the pain-related neuronal activity and the functional connectivity within the central nociceptive network. Results: This study used a tone-laser conditioning paradigm to establish the pain expectation in rats, and simultaneously recorded the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the medial dorsal thalamus (MD), and the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to investigate the effect of pain expectation on laser-induced neuronal responses. Cross-correlation and partial directed coherence analysis were used to determine the functional interactions within and between the recorded areas during nociceptive transmission. The results showed that under anticipation condition, the neuronal activity to the auditory cue was significantly increased in the ACC area, whereas those to actual noxious stimuli were enhanced in all the recorded areas. Furthermore, neuronal correlations within and between these areas were significantly increased under conditions of expectation compared to those under non-expectation conditions, indicating an enhanced synchronization of neural activity within the pain network. In addition, information flow from the medial (ACC and MD) to the lateral (SI cortex) pain pathway increased, suggesting that the emotion-related neural circuits may modulate the neuronal activity in the somatosensory pathway during nociceptive transmission. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the nociceptive processing in both medial and lateral pain systems is modulated by the expectation of pain.

Extraction and purification of total RNA from banana tissues (small scale)

Introduction. This protocol aims at preparing total RNA for gene expression analysis by Northern blots, RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR; cDNA isolation by RTPCR; and cDNA library construction. The principle, key advantages, starting plant material, time required for obtaining total RNA and expected results are presented. Materials and methods. This part describes the required materials and the 27 steps necessary for preparing RNA from peel and pulp fruit tissue: preparation of plant tissue powder, preparation of the complete RNA extraction buffer and isolation of RNA from ground banana fruit tissue. Results. Extraction of total RNA by the method described makes it possible to achieve electrophoresis under denatured conditions and in vitro reverse transcription. An example for Northern blot analysis is illustrated.

GLOBAL SOLUTIONS FOR ABSTRACT FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH NONLOCAL CONDITIONS

In this paper we study the existence of global solutions for a class of abstract functional differential equation with nonlocal conditions. An application is considered.

EXISTENCE RESULTS FOR ABSTRACT NEUTRAL FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper we discuss the existence of solutions for a class of abstract partial neutral functional differential equations.