Reproducibility and relative validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for French-speaking Swiss adults.

BACKGROUND: Due to the distinct cultural and language differences that exist in Switzerland, there is little information on the dietary intake among the general Swiss population. Adequately assessing dietary intake is thus paramount if nutritional epidemiological studies are to be conducted. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility and validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for French-speaking Swiss adults. DESIGN: A total of 23 men and 17 women (43.1+/-2.0 years) filled out one FFQ and completed one 24-hour dietary recall at baseline and 1 month afterward. RESULTS: Crude Pearson's correlation coefficients between the first and the second FFQ ranged from 0.58 to 0.90, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged between 0.53 and 0.92. Lin's concordance coefficients ranged between 0.55 and 0.87. Over 80% of participants were classified in the same or adjacent tertile using each FFQ. Macronutrient intakes estimated by both FFQs were significantly higher than those estimated from the 24-hour recall for protein and water, while no significant differences were found for energy, carbohydrate, fats (five groups), and alcohol. De-attenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients between the 24-hour recall and the first FFQ ranged between 0.31 and 0.49, while for the second FFQ the values ranged between 0.38 and 0.59. Over 40 and 95% of participants fell into the same or the adjacent energy and nutrient tertiles, respectively, using the FFQs and the 24-hour recall. CONCLUSIONS: This FFQ shows good reproducibility and can be used determining macronutrient intake in a French-speaking Swiss population in an epidemiological setting.

DRGs in hospital management.

One of the traditional tasks of district and hospital managers has been to attempt to explain variations in average length of stay, average cost per day and average cost per case, between different hospitals. The need for such explanations has become more acute as a result of the recent emphasis on 'performance indicators' as measures of the efficiency of hospitals. The task of explaining these differences has not been rendered easier by the lack of appropriate management information for this purpose.

Efeito de auxinas sintéticas no enraizamento in vitro da macieira

Brotações de macieira (Malus domestica, Borkh), cv. Fred Hough, oriundas do processo de multiplicação in vitro, foram inoculadas em meio MS e MS/2, testando-se os reguladores de crescimento: ácido indol-3-acético (AIA); ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e ácido naftaleno acético (ANA), nas concentrações de 0, 1, 3 e 5 miM com o objetivo de observar o efeito dessas auxinas sobre o enraizamento da cultivar. Foram acrescentadas aos meios as vitaminas MS mio-inositol (100 mg/L) e sacarose (30 g/L) em meio de ágar (6 g/L). O pH do meio foi ajustado para 5,8 e a cultura foi incubada a 25 ± 2º C e 16 horas de fotoperíodo a 2.000 lux, permanecendo por 30 dias. Os tratamentos foram repetidos cinco vezes e cada repetição constou de cinco explantes inoculados em frasco de 250 mL contendo 40 mL do meio. O meio MS/2 em todas as concentrações testadas foi melhor que o MS. O ANA e o AIB, ambos na concentração de 3 miM, em meio MS/2, tiveram comportamento semelhante na porcentagem de enraizamento e no número de raízes produzidas; no entanto, o ANA provocou efeitos indesejáveis na qualidade destas, havendo formação de calo na base das brotações e raízes grossas. O AIA obteve melhor resposta nas altas concentrações, mas não foi melhor que o AIB e ANA.

Quand le film raconte l'image. Variations cinématographiques autour de La Cène de Léonard de Vinci

Partant de l'hypothèse qu'au cinéma, un plan travaillé à la manière d'un tableau engage non pas un arrêt du récit, mais un enrichissement de la logique narrative linéaire du film par une sémiotique tabulaire et des jeux de références intermédiales, cet article analyse le cas exemplaire et récurrent des plans qui reconstituent en « tableau vivant » La Cène de Léonard de Vinci. Christus (Giulio Antamoro, 1914-1916), Ben Hur, a tale of the Christ (Fred Niblo, 1925) ou Quo Vadis (Mervyn LeRoy, 1951) y sont explorés, ainsi que d'autres productions qui replacent la composition du Cenacolo à la fois en une « phase » et une « stase » dramatique et esthétique du récit christique. Des films tels que Viridiana (Luis Buñuel, 1961) sont aussi évoqués, qui font apparaître la composition comme une pause allégorique d'un récit contemporain, enrichi sur un plan énonciatif, symbolique et iconographique.

Assessing the associations between mental disorders, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease : the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study

Background: Cardio-vascular diseases (CVD), their well established risk factors (CVRF) and mental disorders are common and co-occur more frequently than would be expected by chance. However, the pathogenic mechanisms and course determinants of both CVD and mental disorders have only been partially identified.Methods/Design: Comprehensive follow-up of CVRF and CVD with a psychiatric exam in all subjects who participated in the baseline cross-sectional CoLaus study (2003-2006) (n=6'738) which also included a comprehensive genetic assessment. The somatic investigation will include a shortened questionnaire on CVRF, CV events and new CVD since baseline and measurements of the same clinical and biological variables as at baseline. In addition, pro-inflammatory markers, persistent pain and sleep patterns and disorders will be assessed. In the case of a new CV event, detailed information will be abstracted from medical records. Similarly, data on the cause of death will be collected from the Swiss National Death Registry. The comprehensive psychiatric investigation of the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study will use contemporary epidemiological methods including semi-structured diagnostic interviews, experienced clinical interviewers, standardized diagnostic criteria including threshold according to DSM-IV and sub-threshold syndromes and supplementary information on risk and protective factors for disorders. In addition, screening for objective cognitive impairment will be performed in participants older than 65 years.Discussion: The combined CoLaus/PsyCoLaus sample provides a unique opportunity to obtain prospective data on the interplay between CVRF/CVD and mental disorders, overcoming limitations of previous research by bringing together a comprehensive investigation of both CVRF and mental disorders as well as a large number of biological variables and a genome-wide genetic assessment in participants recruited from the general population.

Vieillissement: éléments pour une politique de santé publique

[Table des matières] 1. Résumé. 2. Introduction. 3. Evolution démographique. 4. Evolution épidémiologique : infarctus du myocarde, insuffisance cardiaque, accident vasculaire cérébral, diabète, bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, cancer en général, cancer pulmonaire, cancer colorectal, cancer du sein, cancer de la prostate, dépression, démence sénile de type Alzheimer et autres démences, syndrome parkinsonien et maladie de Parkinson, maladie rhumatismale, arthrose, lombalgie, ostéoporose et fractures, déficit et dépendance fonctionnels. 5. Réponses sanitaires. 6. Recommandations. 7. Lexique. 8. Index des tableaux. 9. Index des figures. 10-11. Annexes.

Estimacions hidrològiques i de moviment de sediment a la riuada del 7 d'Agost de 1996 a la conca del Barranco de Arás (Pirineu aragonès)

L'avinguda al Barranco de Arás a la vall de Biescas és un esdeveniment hidrològic de caràcter extrem de tipus catastròfic, amb un període de recurrència superior als 1000 anys. Es va produir com a conseqüència d'una tempesta plujosa associada al pas d'un front fred pel Pirineu central el 7 d'agost de 1996. La tempesta va descarregar 200 mm h-1 al fons de la vall de Biescas i 500 mm h-1 a Betés, el nucli de la tempesta, quantitats que corresponen a períodes de recurrència aproximats de 100 i 500 anys respectivament.

Table de transcodage des diagnostics : VESKA (version 1979) - ICD-9-CM

Travaux effectués dans le cadre de l'étude "Case Mix" menée par l'Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive de Lausanne et le Service de la santé publique et de la planification sanitaire du canton de Vaud, en collaboration avec les cantons de Berne, Fribourg, Genève, Jura, Neuchâtel, Soleure, Tessin et Valais.

Public health education in Europe: old and new challenges

The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the current challenges faced by European schools of public health. Perhaps most remarkable on the continent is the diversity, the magnitude, and the rapidity of the developments in public health education since the Second World War. This article discusses its evolution, its main characteristics and the underlying rationale with several examples. Further, it addresses specific aspects of the future development, namely the collaboration of academic schools with practice-oriented institutions, as well as the interactions between the constituent disciplines of public health. The Bologna process on post-graduate education in Europe has had an important impact on the overall design of most schools. There is a willingness to develop public health in each country of the European region and there is a need to develop common strategies to reach high standards in teaching, training and researching in all disciplines related to public health.