Ethnicity and the use of health services in Belize

Includes bibliography

Saúde e crise na América Latina: impactos sociais e políticas de ajuste

Incluye Bibliografía

Guía de asistencia técnica para la producción y el uso de indicadores de género

Incluye Bibliografía

Curso historico de la fecundidad en Cuba

Incluye Bibliografía

Guía operacional para la implementación y el seguimiento del Consenso de Montevideo sobre Población y Desarrollo: segundo borrador

Presentación .-- I. Antecedentes generales .-- II. Marcos para la implementación de la agenda regional en población y desarrollo .-- III. Operacionalización de las medidas prioritarias del Consenso de Montevideo sobre Población y Desarrollo: A. Integración plena de la población y su dinámica en el desarrollo sostenible con igualdad de género y respeto de los derechos humanos. B. Derechos, necesidades, responsabilidades y demandas de niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes. C. Envejecimiento, protección social y desafíos socioeconómicos. D. Acceso universal a los servicios de salud sexual y salud reproductiva. E. Igualdad de género. F. La migración internacional y la protección de los derechos humanos de todas las personas migrantes. G. Desigualdad territorial, movilidad espacial y vulnerabilidad. H. Pueblos indígenas: interculturalidad y derechos. I. Afrodescendientes: derechos y combate al racismo y la discriminación racial.

Avances y brechas en la protección de los derechos de las personas mayores en los países del Caribe

En este capítulo se realiza un análisis comparativo de leyes, políticas y programas sociales de los países de la subregión que contemplan a este grupo social, enfocándose en cinco temas clave: las instituciones y políticas; las pensiones sociales; el acceso a los servicios de salud; el acceso a los servicios de cuidado y la reglamentación de las instituciones residenciales. Sobre la base de este análisis, se ofrecen recomendaciones en cada una de estas áreas.

La incorporación social en Centroamérica: trayectorias, obstáculos y oportunidades

En este documento se analizan los cambios y continuidades ocurridos en materia de incorporación social en El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua desde los años noventa. Para ello, se estudian las pensiones por vejez, los servicios de salud y las transferencias monetarias condicionadas (TMCs), especialmente, en sus relaciones con los servicios de salud. Interesa particularmente determinar los avances hacia una incorporación universal —la más efectiva para la redistribución del ingreso—, la cual tiene lugar cuando los programas sociales combinan coberturas amplias con beneficios robustos y altos grados de equidad. En el estudio se demuestra que ha habido mejoras significativas en términos de incorporación social, pero que ésta ha sido, en general, de carácter segmentado antes que universal. Persisten problemas significativos en materia de cobertura, suficiencia y equidad en salud y pensiones, mientras que las TMCs han tenido capacidades muy desiguales para influir positivamente en los otros sectores de política social. Con esta trayectoria como rasgo común, El Salvador ha dado pasos especialmente significativos para promover el universalismo en el sector salud, no así en pensiones.

Cambio demográfico y desafíos económicos y sociales en el Uruguay del siglo XXI

Los avances en el proceso de desarrollo del Uruguay en las últimas décadas se manifiestan en diversas dimensiones, entre ellas, la caída de la mortalidad y el descenso de la fecundidad, que reflejan la creciente capacidad de los uruguayos de decidir sobre el tamaño de sus familias. Estos cambios afectan la estructura etaria de la población. El Uruguay atraviesa un proceso de envejecimiento poblacional, que continuará en los próximos años y que motiva las reflexiones contenidas en este libro. Estas tendencias demográficas son una buena noticia ya que el envejecimiento de la población uruguaya es un potente indicador de desarrollo. Pero no podemos desconocer que un cambio de tal magnitud plantea importantes desafíos en diversas dimensiones: en el largo plazo —con el horizonte de 2100— la proporción de la población en edades activas caerá, lo que tendrá diversos impactos sobre el mercado de trabajo y las cuentas públicas. En este libro se exploran los efectos potenciales del cambio demográfico sobre la protección social, las demandas de servicios de salud y educación, el funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo y la dinámica macroeconómica, considerando los cambios institucionales y normativos que serán necesarios para responder a esa nueva realidad.

Institucionalidad y marco legislativo de la discapacidad en el Ecuador

El presente documento, hace un recuento histórico de la política pública ecuatoriana en materia de discapacidad. Tras realizar una breve descripción del marco institucional y jurídico que sostiene al Sistema Nacional de Prevención de Discapacidades, se revisa desde un enfoque basado en los derechos sociales, los proyectos y programas que actualmente se ejecutan. Cabe puntualizar que este documento no realiza un examen exhaustivo respecto a la situación actual de las personas con discapacidad en Ecuador. En este sentido, el estudio no abarca un análisis de todos los derechos reconocidos en el Comité de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, de las Naciones Unidas (CRPD, por su sigla en inglés), pero sí expone los principales productos y servicios en salud, educación, vivienda, protección social, inclusión laboral y productiva, y accesibilidad.

A medicina no Estado do Pará, Brasil: dos primórdios à Faculdade de Medicina

A prática de medicina, a organização dos serviços de saúde e o início do ensino médico no Estado do Pará são apresentados em uma perspectiva cronológica desde os primeiros relatos, após a chegada de Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco, em 1616, até a fundação da Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia do Pará, em 1919. Alguns fatos históricos são destacados e contextualizados, assim como mencionados determinados personagens que tiveram participação efetiva nos acontecimentos relatados. Também são comentados aspectos relacionados ao ensino médico, tanto no âmbito nacional quanto no Estado do Pará, e sua importância para a Região Amazônica e parte do nordeste brasileiro.

Políticas e tecnologias de gestão em serviços de saúde e de enfermagem

Objetivo: identificar se os enfermeiros do Brasil têm conhecimento das políticas e tecnologias de gestão nos serviços de saúde e enfermagem. Métodos: realizamos revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, BDENF e PAHO e os descritores: gestão em saúde, tecnologia em saúde, tecnologia assistencial e enfermagem, incluindo as publicações nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Resultados: A análise resultou em 11 referências completas, no período de 2003 a 2007. Constatamos que os enfermeiros possuem articulação nos serviços de enfermagem e competência técnica no exercício profissional, porém, apresentam-se frágeis politicamente, o que limita sua autonomia profissional e os torna ainda subordinados a outros profissionais. Conclusão: diante dos avanços e constantes mudanças no setor saúde, particularmente no nível organizacional e técnico-científico, torna-se imprescindível que o(a) enfermeiro(a) desenvolva suas habilidades políticas, gerenciais e de liderança com participação responsável e de forma interdisciplinar.

Prática diária dos agentes comunitários de saúde: dificuldades e limitações da assistência

This qualitative study aimed to identify difficulties experienced by Community Health Agents (CHA) in the course of daily practice of care. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with twelve CHA from four Basic Health Units in a city of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. From an analysis of the speech of subjects, we found that the deficiency of health services, the workload of the nurses responsible for the team and the service rejection by users make it difficult to implement the health actions. This research emphasizes the limitations expressed by the health agents, and points towards the necessity of an evolving discussion of this theme, seeking strategies that enable the consolidation of community health principles.

The reasons of the nursing staff to notify adverse events

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A experiência da saúde coletiva na formação profissional: retrato da extensão universitária

The guidelines of National Curriculum for Dental courses highlights the necessity in providing for the professional the ability to analyze and assess community’s problems and needs, and to create solutions for the society. The continuing education may be considered a useful tool for the teaching and learning because it favors the diversification of learning environments, which allows the insertion of undergraduate and graduate students into the real scenarios. This current study aimed to assess the Public Health projects and programs of the UNESP – Araçatuba Dental School, by describing the interaction experiences between faculty and health services in the professional career development. Historical, documentary and descriptive searches were performed based on the faculty archives such as official documents, reports, databases from the Pro-rector of continuing education and published papers in the period between 1964 and 2011. The following experiences were noted: the Extra-Muro Dental Service (SEMO), established in 1964, that focused in providing dental treatment to the rural population, highlighted the social inclusion of discriminated society groups since that time. In 1972, this service was expanded to several specific populations living in the urban areas. In the '60s, many educational campaigns were performed as homemade water filter and construction of wells and septic tanks which demonstrate the concern with the determinants of healthdisease process. At that time, the campaign of fluoridation of public water supplies in several counties started as Araçatuba, Birigui, Penápolis, Guararapes, Valparaíso and so on. The Campaign of “Good Teeth” from the '70s became wider over time and it was transformed in the "Oral Health Education Program" and it was continuously developed in all public schools of Araçatuba and some neighboring towns, benefiting children aged from 6 to 10 years-old. Several epidemiological studies of caries, periodontal diseases, malocclusion and fluorosis were conducted in cooperation with local governments, and counted with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students. Pereira Barreto – SP was the precursor city in Brazil to carry out fluorosis study. Currently, 12 projects of Public Health from the Institution of Higher Education in the Pro-rector of continuing education are being developed. The concern in qualifying the human resources in health is confirmed with the development of training courses and workshops for professionals, highlighting the training for people enrolled in the Family Health program; Community Health Agent training - Solidarity University, and Municipal Health Counselors training. The Graduate Program in Social and Preventive Dentistry, created in 1993, has an important role to train several professionals for the Unified Health System, and provides education to create researchers, professors and administrators, and enucleates research groups in several Brazilian states. In all activities showed herein, a dynamic participation of undergraduate and graduate students has been observed, and several books, guidelines, articles, brochures and booklets have been published as a result of the continuing education activities.. It was concluded that different projects and programs have been developed by the Public Health of UNESP –Araçatuba Dental School, which allow the exchange of experience between the university and health services, and benefit all participants enrolled in these activities.

Absentismo laboral por patología odontológica y médica en una industria de gran porte del sector mecánico y mueblero

Introduction: The current Brazilian legislation states that health services must be performed by the Specialized Service of Safety Engineering and Labor Medicine (SESMT). Objective: To analyze the dental and medical reasons for absenteeism, checking the interference of factors such as age, gender and position of the worker, and most of the reasons that led the employee to miss work. Material and methods: The research appears as a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The dental and medical certificates and statements of attendance were analyzed, duly approved, lodged in a acrylic industry in the city of Araçatuba-SP, from January to July 2011. Results: Of the total number of certificates (n = 1841), only 103 (5.6%) were for dental reasons. Predominance of the age group of 20-29 years, males and with non-administrative function. The reasons most dental and medical certificates stated that led the workers to miss working days were "inclusive and impacted teeth" and "diarrhea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin", respectively. As to factors related to absenteeism, there was a severity index of 2.83, 1.33 frequency and average duration of absences of 2.12. Conclusions: It is concluded that dental reasons had little weight on total absences due to illness that caused the temporary leave of the worker for a shorter period. The age and function variables influence the occurrence of work absenteeism.