Variabilidade de Stemphylium solari, Weber, agente causal de mancha foliar do tomateiro, no estado de São Paulo

O presente trabalho trata do estudo da variabilidade do fungo, Stemphylium solani Weber, agente causal da Mancha Foliar do tomateiro (Lycopersicum esculentun Mill.), "Mancha de Estemfilium" que está se tornando cada vez mais importante em tôda área, onde se cultiva o tomateiro. Os autores isolaram 33 culturas de S. solani, de 12 municípios do Estado de São Paulo e estudaram suas capacidades de esporulação em meio de cultura. O modo de esporulação dos isolamentos variou bastante e reisolamentos e repicagens sucessivas mostraram que todos os isolamentos mantiveramas características culturais originais. Dois isolamentos (T-347 e T-419) comportaram-se de maneira bastante diferente dos demais isolamentos. Assim, êstes esporulavam espontânea e abundantemente em quaisquer meios, e nos testes de patogenicidade em tomateiro da variedade Santa Cruz, mostraram possuir elevada patogenicidade, que também confirmada estatìsticamente. Com base na capacidade de esporular em meios de cultura, patogenicidade em tomateiro suscetível e estabilidade das características culturais, os autores propuseram a classificação de S. solani, em 3 raças fisiológicas e discutem sua importância na interpretação de dados divergentes da literatura. Além disso, chamam a atenção para as culturas patogênicas capazes de esporular espontâneamente no meio de batata-dextroseagar e suas aplicações nos trabalhos de melhoramento do tomateiro.

Advanced production systems : developing context-oriented method and adaptation capabilities for enhanced supply network

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2014

Glomevella cingulata (Stonem.) spauld. et v. schrenk. F. SP. phaseoli N.F., fase ascógena do agente causal da antracnose do feijoeiro

O presente trabalho versa sobre a obtenção da fase perfeita de Colletotriohum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et Magn.) Scrib., dirimindo duvidas quanto a sua existência, suscitada pelo primeiro relato feito por SHEAR e WOOD (1913). Após ter encontrado duas linhagens heterotálicas que formaram ascosporos em acasalamentos, os autores estudaram alguns fatores ambientais que favorecem a reprodução sexuada, chegando-se as seguintes conclusões: peritecios se formaram sobre varios meios de cultura semi-sintéticos em cuja composição entram glucose, Ca(N0(3))2.4H(2)0(, MgSO4.7H2O e KH2PO4, agar e água; a quantidade de glucose deve ser igual ou maior do que 4g/l, a de Ca(NO3)2.4H2O de 0,15 a 0,60 g/l e a relação C/N deve estar entre 29,8 a 89,6:1; a adição de vitaminas alterou levemente o nível de aproveitamento de Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, nao havendo boa produção de peritécio ao nível de 0,15 g/l mas permitindo-se ate o nível de 1 g/l, mantendo-se as relações C/N mais ou menos no mesmo nivel; a luz, nos estágios final ou inicial ou em períodos alternados acima de 8 horas, inibiu a formação de ascosporos, sendo, portanto, essencial a escuridão contínua; peritécios se formaram sob condições de pH variável de 4,0 a 6,0; peritécios ejetam ascosporos em condições de alta umidade; a temperatura em que foram obtidos os peritécios foi sempre de 209C. Do acasalamento de linhagens conidiais de C.lindemuthianum o autor obteve resultados a priori comparáveis aos de trabalhos genéticos feitos com G.cingulata, chegando-se a conclusão de que as linhagens usadas sao heterotãlicas possivelmente condicionadas por varios fatores genéticos. Isolamentos ascospóricos foram inoculados, sendo todos patogênicos ao feijoeiro, pelo menos para a variedade Michelite. Comparando morfológicamente a fase ascogena de C.lindemuthvanwn com G.cvngulata, o autor propõe o nome de Glomerelia cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld et v. Schrenk f.phaseoli n.f.

Line-fitting method of model order reduction for elastic multibody systems

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2015

Development of a new method for the characterisation of bioreactors concerning heat and mass transfer

Since the specific heat transfer coefficient (UA) and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) play an important role for the design of biotechnological processes, different techniques were developed in the past for the determination of these parameters. However, these approaches often use imprecise dynamic methods for the description of stationary processes and are limited towards scale and geometry of the bioreactor. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to develop a new method, which overcomes these restrictions. This new approach is based on a permanent production of heat and oxygen by the constant decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in continuous mode. Since the degradation of H2O2 at standard conditions only takes place by the support of a catalyst, different candidates were investigated for their potential (regarding safety issues and reaction kinetic). Manganese-(IV)-oxide was found to be suitable. To compensate the inactivation of MnO2, a continuous process with repeated feeds of fresh MnO2 was established. Subsequently, a scale-up was successfully carried out from 100 mL to a 5 litre glass bioreactor (UniVessel®)To show the applicability of this new method for the characterisation of bioreactors, it was compared with common approaches. With the newly established technique as well as with a conventional procedure, which is based on an electrical heat source, specific heat transfer coefficients were measured in the range of 17.1 – 24.8 W/K for power inputs of about 50 – 70 W/L. However, a first proof of concept regarding the mass transfer showed no constant kLa for different dilution rates up to 0.04 h-1.Based on this, consecutive studies concerning the mass transfer should be made with higher volume flows, due to more even inflow rates. In addition, further experiments are advisable, to analyse the heat transfer in single-use bioreactors and in larger common systems.

The differentiation of character state relationships by binary coding and the monothetic subset method / Hymen Marx, George B. Rabb and Harold K. Voris.

v.72:no.1(1977)

On the upper bound of the number of limit cycles obtained by the second order averaging method I

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

On the upper bound of the number of limit cycles obtained by the second order averaging method II

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

A rotation method which gives linear Lp-Estimates for powers of the Ahlfors-Beurling operator

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

Stability of periodic solutions obtained via the averaging method for nonsmooth Lipschitz system

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

Quantitative method of viral pollution determination for large volume of water using ferric hydroxide gel impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge

Quantitative method of viral pollution determination for large volume of water using ferric hydroxide gel impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge filter. The use of ferric hydroxide gel, impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge filter enable us to recover 62.5% of virus (Poliomylitis type I, Lsc strain) exsogeneously added to 400 liters of tap-water. The virus concentrator system consists of four cartridge filters, in which the three first one are clarifiers, where the contaminants are removed physically, without significant virus loss at this stage. The last cartridge filter is impregnated with ferric hydroxide gel, where the virus is adsorbed. After the required volume of water has been processed, the last filter is removed from the system and the viruses are recovered from the gel, using 1 liter of glycine/NaOH buffer, at pH 11. Immediately the eluate is clarified through series of cellulose acetate membranes mounted in a 142mm Millipore filter. For the second step of virus concentration, HC1 1N is added slowly to the eluate to achieve pH 3.5-4. MgC1, is added to give a final concentration of 0.05M and the viruses are readsorbed on a 0.45 , porosity (HA) cellulose acetate membrane, mounted in a 90 mm Millipore filter. The viruses are recovered using the same eluent plus 10% of fetal calf serum, to a final volume of 3 ml. In this way, it was possible to concentrate virus from 400 liters of tap-water, into 1 liter in the first stage of virus concentration and just to 3 ml of final volume in a second step. The efficiency, simplicity and low operational cost, provded by the method, make it feasible to study viral pollution of recreational and tap-water sources.

A simple method to purify biologically and antigenically preserved bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi using Deae-cellulose columns

A method to purify trypanosomastigotes of some strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y, CL, FL, F, "Berenice", "Colombiana" and "São Felipe") from mouse blood by using DEAE-cellulose columns was standardized. This procedure is a modification of the Lanham & Godfrey methods and differs in some aspects from others described to purify T. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes, mainly by avoidance of prior purifications of parasites. By this method, the broad trypomastigotes were mainly isolated, accounting for higher recoveries obtained with strains having higher percentages of these forms: processing of infected blood from irradiated mice could be advantageous by increasing the recovery of parasites (percentage and/or total number) and elution of more slender trypomastigotes. Trypomastigotes purified by this method presented normal morphology and motility, remained infective to triatomine bugs and mice, showing in the latter prepatent periods and courses parasitemia similar to those of control parasites, and also reproducing the polymorphism pattern of each strain. Their virulence and pathogenicity also remained considerably preserved, the latter property being evaluated by LD 50 tests, mortality rates and mean survival time of inoculated mice. Moreover, these parasites presented positive, clear and peripheral immunofluorescence reaction at titres similar to those of control organisms, thus suggesting important preservation of their surface antigens.

A rapid method for testing in vivo the susceptibility of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi to active chemotherapeutic agents

A method is described which permits to determine in vivo an in a short period of time (4-6 hours) the sensitivity of T. cruzo strains to known active chemotherapeutic agents. By using resistant- and sensitive T. cruzi stains a fairly good correlation was observed between the results obtained with this rapid method (which detects activity against the circulating blood forms) and those obtained with long-term schedules which involve drug adminstration for at least 20 consecutive days and a prolonged period of assessment. This method may be used to characterize susceptibility to active drugs used clinically, provide infomation on the specific action against circulating trypomastigotes and screen active compounds. Differences in the natural susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi strains to active drugs have been already reported using different criteria, mostly demanding long-term study of the animal (Hauschka, 1949; Bock, Gonnert & Haberkorn, 1969; Brener, Costa & Chiari, 1976; Andrade & Figueira, 1977; Schlemper, 1982). In this paper we report a method which detects in 4-6 hours the effect of drugs on bloodstream forms in mice with established T. cruzi infections. The results obtained with this method show a fairly good correlation with those obtained by prolonged treatment schedules used to assess the action of drugs in experimental Chagas' disease and may be used to study the sensitivity of T. cruzi strains to active drugs.

A simple method for assessing the binding of concanavalin A to mononuclear cell surfaces: no interference of visceral leishmaniasis serum on this binding

We report a simple method for evaluating the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The binding is evidenced by an immunoenzymic assay using peroxidase-conjugated immunoglobulins of a rabbit anti-ConA serum. Using the method we show that sera from patients with American leishmaniasis do not interfere with binding of ConA to PBMC.

Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northern Venezuela: II. Species composition in relation to habitat, catching method and hour of catching

The ecology of phlebotomine sandflies in an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northern Venezuela (San Esteban, Carabobo State) was investigated through a year-term study. Three different habitats: viz. a house, a pridomestic area and a sylvatic area, were covered and the species composition, the abundance and occurrence of each species were analyzed in relation to the habitats, catching methods and hour of catching. L. panamensis, L. gomezi and L. ovallesi are the species which bite man, although almost exclusively at night. All of them hide by day and are common in the sylvatic area. Moreover, L. panamensis and L. gomezi successfully approach the house and seem to settle in the peridomestic area. L. shannoni and L. olmeca bicolor also approach and accidentally bite man. L. trinidadensis, L. atroclavata and L. cayennensis are the common non-antrhopophilic species in the area.