Public service motivation and performance: a critical perspective

Purpose – A growing body of literature points to the importance of public service motivation (PSM) for the performance of public organizations. The purpose of this paper is to assess the method predominantly used for studying this linkage by comparing the findings it yields without and with a correction suggested by Brewer (2006), which removes the common-method bias arising from employee-specific response tendencies. Design/methodology/approach – First, the authors conduct a systematic review of published empirical research on the effects of PSM on performance and show that all studies found have been conducted at the individual level. Performance indicators in all but three studies were obtained by surveying the same employees who were also asked about their PSM. Second, the authors conduct an empirical analysis. Using survey data from 240 organizational units within the Swiss federal government, the paper compares results from an individual-level analysis (comparable to existing research) to two analyses where the data are aggregated to the organizational level, one without and one with the correction for common-method bias suggested by Brewer (2006). Findings – Looking at the Attraction to Policy-Making dimension of PSM, there is an interesting contrast: While this variable is positively correlated with performance in both the individual-level analysis and the aggregated data analysis without the correction for common-method bias, it is not statistically associated with performance in the aggregated data analysis with the correction. Originality/value – The analysis is the first to assess the robustness of the performance-PSM linkage to a correction for common-method bias. The findings place the validity of at least one part of the individual-level linkage between PSM and performance into question.

An indicator framework for assessing livelihood resilience in the context of social–ecological dynamics

Livelihood resilience draws attention to the factors and processes that keep livelihoods functioning despite change and thus enriches the livelihood approach which puts people, their differential capabilities to cope with shocks and how to reduce poverty and improve adaptive capacity at the centre of analysis. However, the few studies addressing resilience from a livelihood perspective take different approaches and focus only on some dimensions of livelihoods. This paper presents a framework that can be used for a comprehensive empirical analysis of livelihood resilience. We use a concept of resilience that considers agency as well as structure. A review of both theoretical and empirical literature related to livelihoods and resilience served as the basis to integrate the perspectives. The paper identifies the attributes and indicators of the three dimensions of resilience, namely, buffer capacity, self-organisation and capacity for learning. The framework has not yet been systematically tested; however, potentials and limitations of the components of the framework are explored and discussed by drawing on empirical examples from literature on farming systems. Besides providing a basis for applying the resilience concept in livelihood-oriented research, the framework offers a way to communicate with practitioners on identifying and improving the factors that build resilience. It can thus serve as a tool for monitoring the effectiveness of policies and practices aimed at building livelihood resilience.

The relationship between competencies acquired through Swiss academic sports science courses and the job requirements

In view of the changes in and growing variety of sports-related occupations, it is highly relevant for educational institutions 10 to know how well the educational contents of their sport science courses meet the professional requirements. This study analyses the relationship between the competencies acquired through academic sports science courses and the requirements of the relevant jobs in Switzerland. The data for this empirical analysis were drawn from a sample of n = 1054 graduates of different academic sport science programmes at all eight Swiss universities. The results show that academic sport science courses primarily communicate sports-specific expertise and practical sports skills. On the other hand, most graduates consider that the acquisition of interdisciplinary competencies plays a comparatively minor role in sport science education, even though these competencies are felt to be an important requirement in a variety of work-related environments and challenges.

Enabling knowledge creation through outsiders: towards a push model of open innovation

Open innovation is increasingly being adopted in business and describes a situation in which firms exchange ideas and knowledge with external participants, such as customers, suppliers, partner firms, and universities. This article extends the concept of open innovation with a push model of open innovation: knowledge is voluntarily created outside a firm by individuals and organisations who proceed to push knowledge into a firm’s open innovation project. For empirical analysis, we examine source code and newsgroup data on the Eclipse Development Platform. We find that outsiders invest as much in the firm’s project as the founding firm itself. Based on the insights from Eclipse, we develop four propositions: ‘preemptive generosity’ of a firm, ‘continuous commitment’, ‘adaptive governance structure’, and ‘low entry barrier’ are contexts that enable the push model of open innovation.

An Economic Theory of Mortgage Redemption Laws

Redemption laws give mortgagors the right to redeem their property following default for a statutorily set period of time. This paper develops a theory that explains these laws as a means of protecting landowners against the loss of non-transferable values associated with their land. A longer redemption period reduces the risk that this value will be lost but also increases the likelihood of default. The optimal redemption period balances these effects. Empirical analysis of cross-state data from the early twentieth century suggests that these factors, in combination with political considerations, explain the existence and length of redemption laws.

An Economic Theory of Mortgage Redemption Laws

Redemption laws give mortgagors the right to redeem their property following default for a statutorily set period of time. This paper develops a theory that explains these laws as a means of protecting landowners against the loss of nontransferable values associated with their land. A longer redemption period reduces the risk that this value will be lost but also increases the likelihood of default. The optimal redemption period balances these effects. Empirical analysis of cross-state data from the early twentieth century suggests that these factors, in combination with political considerations, explain the existence and length of redemption laws.

The Geographic Distribution of the Size and Timing of Monetary Policy Actions

This paper examines the magnitude and timing of the effects of changes in the monetary base on the aggregate and regional changes in bank loans within the United States. We consider both Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) regions, and individual states and the District of Columbia for our regional analysis. The empirical analysis provides some insight on the bank-lending channel of monetary policy. We find strong evidence of a 4-quarter lag in the effect of changes in the monetary base on bank loans. That finding proves robust across all regions and nearly all states.

The Old Ball Game: Organization of Nineteenth Century Professional Base Ball Clubs

The first professional base ball clubs came in two varieties: stock clubs, which paid their players fixed wages, and player cooperatives, in which players shared the proceeds after expenses. We argue that stock clubs were formed with players of known ability, while co-ops were formed with players of unknown ability. Although residual claimancy served to screen out players of inferior ability in co-ops, the process was imperfect due to the team production problem. Based on this argument, we suggest that co-ops functioned as an early minor league system where untried players could seek to prove themselves and eventually move up to wage teams. Empirical analysis of data on player performance and experience in early professional base ball provides support for the theory.

Public School Choice and Integration: Evidence from Durham, North Carolina

Using evidence from Durham, North Carolina, we examine the impact of school choice programs on racial and class-based segregation across schools. Theoretical considerations suggest that how choice programs affect segregation will depend not only on the family preferences emphasized in the sociology literature but also on the linkages between student composition, school quality and student achievement emphasized in the economics literature, and on the availability of schools of different types. Reasonable assumptions about how these factors differ for students of different races and socio-economic status suggest that the segregating choices of students from advantaged backgrounds are likely to outweigh any integrating choices by disadvantaged students. The results of our empirical analysis are consistent with these theoretical considerations. Using information on the actual schools students attend and on the schools in their assigned attendance zones, we find that schools in Durham are more segregated by race and class as a result of school choice programs than they would be if all students attended their geographically assigned schools. In addition, we find that the effects of choice on segregation by class are larger than the effects on segregation by race.

Territorio e Identidad en los movimientos de desocupados en Argentina, el caso de la CTD-Aníbal Verón

Nos proponemos, a través del análisis empírico del caso CTD Aníbal Verón, análisis de sus prácticas y discursos, aportar comprensión a la compleja relación identidad-política-territorio. Nos concentraremos en la delimitación de las nociones de territorialidad e identidad política como dimensiones fundamentales. La CTD-AV sintetiza componentes reivindicativos y políticos en sus prácticas y relaciones, y consideramos que el territorio es un componente fundamental que configura la identidad colectiva e introduce en ésta la idea de lo político puesto que se define en un proceso de conflicto y disputa que abre el espacio del antagonismo. En diferentes experiencias-localizaciones de la CTD se desarrollan procesos de politización asociados a diferentes concepciones de territorio que analizamos para comprender su alcance y significado.

Las clases sociales en la horticultura platense : Ejercicio de teorización, historización y análisis empírico

En este artículo se realiza una caracterización de las relaciones sociales que priman en la producción de hortalizas en La Plata. El trabajo parte de los postulados del marxismo para el entendimiento y descripción de la sociedad. En el primer apartado se realiza una breve descripción teórica de la lógica capitalista de producción siguiendo la metodología del materialismo histórico y se propone una denominación de los sujetos de la horticultura bajo la formulación clásica del marxismo para las relaciones sociales capitalistas: terratenientes, burguesía y asalariados. Luego se despliega información empírica sobre el sector que da cuenta de la conformación histórica de las clases sociales en el mismo. Esta información surge del análisis y estudio de la conformación histórica del territorio hortícola platense, los resultados de los censos hortícolas de 1998 y 2005, del registro de los enfrentamientos y conflictos llevados adelante por los diferentes sujetos de la producción a lo largo de los últimos 50 años y se finaliza con diversos aportes surgidos de relatos orales tomados a través de entrevistas. Por último, se sistematizan algunas conclusiones.

Las clases sociales en la horticultura platense : Ejercicio de teorización, historización y análisis empírico

En este artículo se realiza una caracterización de las relaciones sociales que priman en la producción de hortalizas en La Plata. El trabajo parte de los postulados del marxismo para el entendimiento y descripción de la sociedad. En el primer apartado se realiza una breve descripción teórica de la lógica capitalista de producción siguiendo la metodología del materialismo histórico y se propone una denominación de los sujetos de la horticultura bajo la formulación clásica del marxismo para las relaciones sociales capitalistas: terratenientes, burguesía y asalariados. Luego se despliega información empírica sobre el sector que da cuenta de la conformación histórica de las clases sociales en el mismo. Esta información surge del análisis y estudio de la conformación histórica del territorio hortícola platense, los resultados de los censos hortícolas de 1998 y 2005, del registro de los enfrentamientos y conflictos llevados adelante por los diferentes sujetos de la producción a lo largo de los últimos 50 años y se finaliza con diversos aportes surgidos de relatos orales tomados a través de entrevistas. Por último, se sistematizan algunas conclusiones.

Territorio e Identidad en los movimientos de desocupados en Argentina, el caso de la CTD-Aníbal Verón

Nos proponemos, a través del análisis empírico del caso CTD Aníbal Verón, análisis de sus prácticas y discursos, aportar comprensión a la compleja relación identidad-política-territorio. Nos concentraremos en la delimitación de las nociones de territorialidad e identidad política como dimensiones fundamentales. La CTD-AV sintetiza componentes reivindicativos y políticos en sus prácticas y relaciones, y consideramos que el territorio es un componente fundamental que configura la identidad colectiva e introduce en ésta la idea de lo político puesto que se define en un proceso de conflicto y disputa que abre el espacio del antagonismo. En diferentes experiencias-localizaciones de la CTD se desarrollan procesos de politización asociados a diferentes concepciones de territorio que analizamos para comprender su alcance y significado.

Las clases sociales en la horticultura platense : Ejercicio de teorización, historización y análisis empírico

En este artículo se realiza una caracterización de las relaciones sociales que priman en la producción de hortalizas en La Plata. El trabajo parte de los postulados del marxismo para el entendimiento y descripción de la sociedad. En el primer apartado se realiza una breve descripción teórica de la lógica capitalista de producción siguiendo la metodología del materialismo histórico y se propone una denominación de los sujetos de la horticultura bajo la formulación clásica del marxismo para las relaciones sociales capitalistas: terratenientes, burguesía y asalariados. Luego se despliega información empírica sobre el sector que da cuenta de la conformación histórica de las clases sociales en el mismo. Esta información surge del análisis y estudio de la conformación histórica del territorio hortícola platense, los resultados de los censos hortícolas de 1998 y 2005, del registro de los enfrentamientos y conflictos llevados adelante por los diferentes sujetos de la producción a lo largo de los últimos 50 años y se finaliza con diversos aportes surgidos de relatos orales tomados a través de entrevistas. Por último, se sistematizan algunas conclusiones.

Territorio e Identidad en los movimientos de desocupados en Argentina, el caso de la CTD-Aníbal Verón

Nos proponemos, a través del análisis empírico del caso CTD Aníbal Verón, análisis de sus prácticas y discursos, aportar comprensión a la compleja relación identidad-política-territorio. Nos concentraremos en la delimitación de las nociones de territorialidad e identidad política como dimensiones fundamentales. La CTD-AV sintetiza componentes reivindicativos y políticos en sus prácticas y relaciones, y consideramos que el territorio es un componente fundamental que configura la identidad colectiva e introduce en ésta la idea de lo político puesto que se define en un proceso de conflicto y disputa que abre el espacio del antagonismo. En diferentes experiencias-localizaciones de la CTD se desarrollan procesos de politización asociados a diferentes concepciones de territorio que analizamos para comprender su alcance y significado.