A Compact Electronically Reconfigurable Dual Frequency Microstrip Antenna for L-Band Applications

A novel design of a computer electronically reconfigurable dual frequency dual polarized single feed hexagonal slot loaded microstrip antenna in L-band is introduced in this chapter. pin diodes are used to switch the operating frequencies considerably without much affecting the radiation characteristics and gain. the antenna can work with a frequency ratio varying in the wide range from 1.2 to 1.4. the proposed design has an added advantage of size reduction up to 72.21% and 46.84% for the two resonating frequencies compared to standard rectangular patches. the design also gives considerable bandwidth of up to 2.82% and 2.42 % for the operating frequencies.

Pertormer’s Rights in India

The overall focus of the thesis involves the performer's rights in india -A study with special reference to the audiovisual industry.The performer is the disseminator of works of literary, dramatic artistic and musical authorship .The challenge of studying the audiovisual industry is the low level of data documentation and transparency in transactions compounded by the low awareness of legal issues. The first five chapters of the study trace the evolution of performers’ rights with particular impetus on three diverse jurisdictions both at the judicial and statutory levels as well as from the collective bargaining platform.The study also seeks to pin point the major obstacles that the performers have had to encounter in their quest for equal rights under the umbrella of intellectual property the world over.the status of the performer through the international instruments - the Rome convention, the WPPT and the envisaged Protocol to the audiovisual performance.A grant of rights to the performer either under Copyright or labor law need not improve matters for the performer unless the institutional grievance redressal is firmly put in place.There is a need for clearer delineation between the definitions of audio and audiovisual fixations. Under the Indian law the terms representing these have been sound records and cinematographs respectivel.Performer and the Philosophy of Intellectual Propertyeffectively. But this is not to deny the fact that these institutions, organizations and practices could very well rise to the occasion when the rights regime comes into force.

Design and Development of re configurable compact cross patch antenna for switchable polarization

Antennas are necessary and vital components of communication and radar systems, but sometimes their inability to adjust to new operating scenarios can limit system performance. Reconfigurable antennas can adjust with changing system requirements or environmental conditions and provide additional levels of functionality that may result in wider instantaneous frequency bandwidths, more extensive scan volumes, and radiation patterns with more desirable side lobe distributions. Their agility and diversity created new horizons for different types of applications especially in cognitive radio, Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems, satellites and many other applications. Reconfigurable antennas satisfy the requirements for increased functionality, such as direction finding, beam steering, radar, control and command, within a confined volume. The intelligence associated with the reconfigurable antennas revolved around switching mechanisms utilized. In the present work, we have investigated frequency reconfigurable polarization diversity antennas using two methods: 1. By using low-loss, high-isolation switches such as PIN diode, the antenna can be structurally reconfigured to maintain the elements near their resonant dimensions for different frequency bands and/or polarization. 2. Secondly, the incorporation of variable capacitors or varactors, to overcome many problems faced in using switches and their biasing. The performances of these designs have been studied using standard simulation tools used in industry/academia and they have been experimentally verified. Antenna design guidelines are also deduced by accounting the resonances. One of the major contributions of the thesis lies in the analysis of the designed antennas using FDTD based numerical computation to validate their performance.

Speech Recognition of Malayalam Numbers

Digit speech recognition is important in many applications such as automatic data entry, PIN entry, voice dialing telephone, automated banking system, etc. This paper presents speaker independent speech recognition system for Malayalam digits. The system employs Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) as feature for signal processing and Hidden Markov model (HMM) for recognition. The system is trained with 21 male and female voices in the age group of 20 to 40 years and there was 98.5% word recognition accuracy (94.8% sentence recognition accuracy) on a test set of continuous digit recognition task.

A Comparative study of HMM and SVM in Malayalam Digit Recognition

A primary medium for the human beings to communicate through language is Speech. Automatic Speech Recognition is wide spread today. Recognizing single digits is vital to a number of applications such as voice dialling of telephone numbers, automatic data entry, credit card entry, PIN (personal identification number) entry, entry of access codes for transactions, etc. In this paper we present a comparative study of SVM (Support Vector Machine) and HMM (Hidden Markov Model) to recognize and identify the digits used in Malayalam speech.

Low-Cost Micromechanically Tunable Optical Devices: Strained Resonator Engineering, Technological Implementation and Characterization

The rapid growth of the optical communication branches and the enormous demand for more bandwidth require novel networks such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). These networks enable higher bitrate transmission using the existing optical fibers. Micromechanically tunable optical microcavity devices like VCSELs, Fabry-Pérot filters and photodetectors are core components of these novel DWDM systems. Several air-gap based tunable devices were successfully implemented in the last years. Even though these concepts are very promising, two main disadvantages are still remaining. On the one hand, the high fabrication and integration cost and on the other hand the undesired adverse buckling of the suspended membranes. This thesis addresses these two problems and consists of two main parts: • PECVD dielectric material investigation and stress control resulting in membranes shape engineering. • Implementation and characterization of novel tunable optical devices with tailored shapes of the suspended membranes. For this purposes, low-cost PECVD technology is investigated and developed in detail. The macro- and microstress of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide are controlled over a wide range. Furthermore, the effect of stress on the optical and mechanical properties of the suspended membranes and on the microcavities is evaluated. Various membrane shapes (concave, convex and planar) with several radii of curvature are fabricated. Using this resonator shape engineering, microcavity devices such as non tunable and tunable Fabry-Pérot filters, VCSELs and PIN photodetectors are succesfully implemented. The fabricated Fabry-Pérot filters cover a spectral range of over 200nm and show resonance linewidths down to 1.5nm. By varying the stress distribution across the vertical direction within a DBR, the shape and the radius of curvature of the top membrane are explicitely tailored. By adjusting the incoming light beam waist to the curvature, the fundamental resonant mode is supported and the higher order ones are suppressed. For instance, a tunable VCSEL with 26 nm tuning range, 400µW maximal output power, 47nm free spectral range and over 57dB side mode suppresion ratio (SMSR) is demonstrated. Other technologies, such as introducing light emitting organic materials in microcavities are also investigated.

La clase colectiva bajo un planteamiento interdisciplinar.

Se trata de trabajar la clase colectiva de los instrumentos de grado elemental, pero con un criterio innovador, pues no se trataría de forma aislada por instrumento, sino con criterios más enriquecedores para el alumnado y el profesorado. Se pretende trabajar con una programación común a todo el centro, con aspectos específicos para cada trimestre, y mezclando alumnos de diferentes instrumentos.

Creación y utilización de actividades multimedia en ciencias.

El problema de partida es la escasa motivación del alumnado frente a las prácticas educativas tradicionales. El grupo se propone el diseño y la realización de actividades motivadoras para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Estas actividades se realizarán en formato multimedia para 1 y 3 de ESO usando el programa CLIC y se complementarán con la elaboración una colección de transparencias. Las actividades multimedia serán de inmediata aplicación con el alumnado del Centro.

Aplicaci??n de las nuevas tecnolog??as en el curr??culum para una ense??anza personalizada del ??rea de ciencias

Elaboraci??n de unidades did??cticas que permitan una ense??anza personalizada, para que cada alumno aprenda a su ritmo, con actividades que permitan una adecuaci??n a cada uno de ellos y utilizando lo m??s posible el uso de las nuevas tecnolog??as.

Compartir y mantener información a través de Internet como recurso para la resolución de problemas tecnológicos.

El proyecto pretende aplicar los contenidos de informática a la Tecnología, creando una base de datos que estaría disponible en Internet, con la información necesaria para resolver proyectos tecnológicos: materiales, estructura, electricidad, dibujo, etc. y ejemplos de proyectos terminados.

Taller de teatro : un espacio de integración.

El proyecto fomenta el gusto por la literatura y ayuda a afirmar la personalidad del niño, que logrará superar las barreras de la timidez y se ha de comunicar mejor con los demás. Es un trabajo que incide especialmente en los niños que tienen más dificultades de comunicación y expresión por razones psíquicas o físicas, adecuando las actividades para que todos tengan cabida y puedan ser protagonistas de la vida teatral del centro.

La adecuación de programaciones al marco de referencia europeo

El objetivo del proyecto es adecuar las actuales programaciones de la EOI de Córdoba al nuevo de Referencia Europeo para estar en condiciones de poder incorporar las nuevas directrices sobre la docencia y el aprendizaje de idiomas. El proyecto propuesto, no sólo consiste en una descripción de niveles de competencia linguística, sino que implica una coordinada labor interpartamental de investigación sobre los nuevos conceptos didácticos y metodoloógicos presentados por el Marco de Referencia. Este proceso implicaría la reflexión colectiva sobre el hecho comunicativo y el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje afectando tanto a la labor del profesor, como a la del alumno.

Educación de las emociones.

El proyecto justifica la influencia de las emociones en los niños y niñas pequeños. Se plantea trabajar desde la educación emocional en la infancia con el objeto de favorecer un cambio hacia una mayor madurez emocional enseñando habilidades. Se aborda a través del método de psicomotricidad relacional de A. Lapierre .

Intervenci??n socioeducativa y desarrollo comunitario en el IES Pol??gono Sur

Se trabaja sobre diferentes y complejos aspectos socioeducativos de la dif??cil realidad provocada por la exclusi??n e inadaptaci??n social.

El estudio del sector profesional en los distintos ciclos formativos en IES Polígono Sur

Materiales para el aula relativos al módulo profesional 'Estudio del sector' de los diferentes ciclos formativos del centro.