Los métodos didácticos musicales y la atención en relación al movimiento

La línea que dirige la orientación y el propósito de ésta investigación, se centra en realizar de forma panorámica, una visión en la que poner de relieve el grado de implementación de la atención en los distintos métodos didáctico musicales más relacionados con la docencia musical general, desde las propuestas taxonómicas diseñadas por el iniciador Émile Jacques-Dalcroze, pasando por diferentes proposiciones metodológicas, hasta los planteamientos considerados en el reciente método BAPNE. Para ello se tendrán en cuenta las diferentes aportaciones, clasificaciones de las mismas, priorizando aquellas con mayor grado de vinculación hacia los elementos del lenguaje musical más relacionados con el binomio movimiento y atención. De igual forma, se pone de relieve el diferente grado de tratamiento, sistematización y pertinente consideración de la atención con respecto a los diferentes métodos seleccionados en general y del movimiento en ellos de forma particular. El Método BAPNE, propone fundamentada y sistematizadamente, una serie de criterios por los que sus taxonomías optimizan las potencialidades didácticas del binomio movimiento-atención en el diseño de aplicaciones para el aula.

La percusión corporal como estímulo para alumnos con déficit de atención y concentración

El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un protocolo de actividades a través del Método BAPNE con alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje para la estimulación de la atención, concentración y memoria. Con ello queremos demostrar los beneficios que posee la percusión corporal a través de esta metodología y su relación con la creatividad y aprendizaje por proyectos. Con actividades muy específicas elaboradas por un grupo de investigación organizado por neurólogos y docentes ofrecemos nuevas vías de innovación docente para aplicar a diferentes colectivos educativos. El estudio se articula bajo unos objetivos centrados en la mejora de la capacidad de abstracción, percepción, atención, observación, concentración y aprendizaje. De forma paralela realizamos especial énfasis en la estimulación de la memoria sensorial (a través de los sentidos), memoria a cortoplazo (inmediata y de trabajo) y en la memoria a largo plazo (episódica, semántica y procedimental). La batería de actividades sugeridas se combina para trabajar asociaciones, secuencias, actividades sensomotrices, repeticiones y descripciones corporales, combinaciones motoras a nivel biomecánico, capacidad de atención y de observación, lenguaje, relajaciones, visualizaciones y percepciones espacio - temporales. Así , sugerimos un modo de trabajo lo más holístico posible para ayudar a personas con problemas de atención y memoria.

Economic evaluation of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in Spain

To compare the cost and effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) versus combined oral contraception (COC) and progestogens (PROG) in first-line treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of LNG-IUS, COC and PROG was carried out using a Markov model based on clinical data from the literature and expert opinion. The population studied were women with a previous diagnosis of idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding. The analysis was performed from the National Health System perspective, discounting both costs and future effects at 3%. In addition, a sensitivity analysis (univariate and probabilistic) was conducted. RESULTS: The results show that the greater efficacy of LNG-IUS translates into a gain of 1.92 and 3.89 symptom-free months (SFM) after six months of treatment versus COC and PROG, respectively (which represents an increase of 33% and 60% of symptom-free time). Regarding costs, LNG-IUS produces savings of 174.2-309.95 and 230.54-577.61 versus COC and PROG, respectively, after 6 months-5 years. Apart from cost savings and gains in SFM, quality-adjusted life months (QALM) are also favourable to LNG-IUS in all scenarios, with a range of gains between 1 and 2 QALM compared to COC and PROG. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that first-line use of the LNG-IUS is the dominant therapeutic option (less costly and more effective) in comparison with first-line use of COC or PROG for the treatment of DUB in Spain. LNG-IUS as first line is also the option that provides greatest health-related quality of life to patients.

Sobre Euphorbia baetica Boiss.

Euphorbia baetica Boiss., Cent. Euphorb.: 36 (1860) = Tithymalus baeticus (Boiss.) Samp. in Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17:46 (1931) = E. trinervia Boiss., Elench. Pl. Nov.: 82 (1838), non E. trinervia Schum., Beskr. Guin. pl.: 253 (1827)

La opinión pública catalana ante la coalición parlamentaria entre PSOE y CiU en la V legislatura de las Cortes Generales (1993-1996)

En el presente artículo se analiza la percepción de la coalición parlamentaria entre el PSOE y CiU en la opinión pública catalana. El análisis utiliza una serie de variables explicativas de carácter eminentemente político, como son la identificación con los partidos y la autoubicación ideológica en los ejes de conflicto. Los datos ponen en evidencia que los individuos legitiman la conducta de su formación en las Cortes, bien apoyando el pacto, bien rechazándolo según si aquélla forma parte de la mayoría parlamentaria o de la oposición. Sin embargo, al considerar sólo las posiciones en los ejes izquierda-derecha y nacionalista se observan los matices. El sentimiento nacional es el elemento que decanta la valoración sobre el acuerdo: positivamente si se parte de una postura catalanista, pero negativamente si se trata de una españolista. La influencia de una formación de ámbito no estatal en la gobernabilidad española es el factor que provoca mayor división de actitudes.

Pharmacoeconomics of Cyclamen europaeum in the management of Acute Rhinosinusitis

Objective. To carry out a pharmacoeconomic analysis of Cyclamen europaeum (CE) in the management of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in Spain using data from the PROSINUS study. Study Design. This was a prospective observational study to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness between therapies including CE vs. other therapies in the management of ARS. Methods. The study was carried out as a secondary analysis of the PROSINUS, combining healthcare resource use, productivity loses, and health outcomes from the observational study with costs representative of the Spanish Health System. Results. CE given as monotherapy appears to be more effective (cure rate) than other monotherapies (15.3% higher, p<0.05) and combination (10.3% higher, p<0.05) therapies. The addition of CE to other single-drug or combination therapies showed a statistically significant improvement in terms of cure rates when adding CE to 2-drug combinations (93.9% vs. 76.5%; p<0.05), and no significant effect when added to combinations of three or more drugs (81.1% vs. 79.8; NS). CE based therapies generally showed lower indirect costs, although only the comparison of CE alone vs. other monotherapies, with a net cost savings of 101 per patient, reached statistical significance (331 vs. 432 , p<0.05). In addition, CE-based therapies show lower cost per cured patient in all comparisons except when CE was used in combination with three or more other drugs. Conclusions. The use of Cyclamen europaeum may be associated to better clinical outcomes at no additional cost for the healthcare system, respect to treatments commonly used for ARS in clinical practice.

Angiogenic activity of breast cancer patients' monocytes reverted by combined use of systems modeling and experimental approaches.

Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and cancer progression. TIE-2-expressing monocytes (TEM) have been reported to critically account for tumor vascularization and growth in mouse tumor experimental models, but the molecular basis of their pro-angiogenic activity are largely unknown. Moreover, differences in the pro-angiogenic activity between blood circulating and tumor infiltrated TEM in human patients has not been established to date, hindering the identification of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. In this work, we investigated these differences and the phenotypic reversal of breast tumor pro-angiogenic TEM to a weak pro-angiogenic phenotype by combining Boolean modelling and experimental approaches. Firstly, we show that in breast cancer patients the pro-angiogenic activity of TEM increased drastically from blood to tumor, suggesting that the tumor microenvironment shapes the highly pro-angiogenic phenotype of TEM. Secondly, we predicted in silico all minimal perturbations transitioning the highly pro-angiogenic phenotype of tumor TEM to the weak pro-angiogenic phenotype of blood TEM and vice versa. In silico predicted perturbations were validated experimentally using patient TEM. In addition, gene expression profiling of TEM transitioned to a weak pro-angiogenic phenotype confirmed that TEM are plastic cells and can be reverted to immunological potent monocytes. Finally, the relapse-free survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference between patients with tumors with high and low expression values for genes encoding transitioning proteins detected in silico and validated on patient TEM. In conclusion, the inferred TEM regulatory network accurately captured experimental TEM behavior and highlighted crosstalk between specific angiogenic and inflammatory signaling pathways of outstanding importance to control their pro-angiogenic activity. Results showed the successful in vitro reversion of such an activity by perturbation of in silico predicted target genes in tumor derived TEM, and indicated that targeting tumor TEM plasticity may constitute a novel valid therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.

Nolz1 promotes striatal neurogenesis through the regulation of retinoic acid signaling

Background: Nolz1 is a zinc finger transcription factor whose expression is enriched in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), although its function is still unknown. Results: Here we analyze the role of Nolz1 during LGE development. We show that Nolz1 expression is high in proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the LGE subventricular zone. In addition, low levels of Nolz1 are detected in the mantle zone, as well as in the adult striatum. Similarly, Nolz1 is highly expressed in proliferating LGE-derived NPC cultures, but its levels rapidly decrease upon cell differentiation, pointing to a role of Nolz1 in the control of NPC proliferation and/or differentiation. In agreement with this hypothesis, we find that Nolz1 over-expression promotes cell cycle exit of NPCs in neurosphere cultures and negatively regulates proliferation in telencephalic organotypic cultures. Within LGE primary cultures, Nolz1 over-expression promotes the acquisition of a neuronal phenotype, since it increases the number of β-III tubulin (Tuj1)- and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2-positive neurons, and inhibits astrocyte generation and/or differentiation. Retinoic acid (RA) is one of the most important morphogens involved in striatal neurogenesis, and regulates Nolz1 expression in different systems. Here we show that Nolz1 also responds to this morphogen in E12.5 LGE-derived cell cultures. However, Nolz1 expression is not regulated by RA in E14.5 LGE-derived cell cultures, nor is it affected during LGE development in mouse models that present decreased RA levels. Interestingly, we find that Gsx2, which is necessary for normal RA signaling during LGE development, is also required for Nolz1 expression, which is lost in Gsx2 knockout mice. These findings suggest that Nolz1 might act downstream of Gsx2 to regulate RA-induced neurogenesis. Keeping with this hypothesis, we show that Nolz1 induces the selective expression of the RA receptor (RAR)β without altering RARα or RARγ. In addition, Nozl1 over-expression increases RA signaling since it stimulates the RA response element. This RA signaling is essential for Nolz1-induced neurogenesis, which is impaired in a RA-free environment or in the presence of a RAR inverse agonist. It has been proposed that Drosophila Gsx2 and Nolz1 homologues could cooperate with the transcriptional co-repressors Groucho-TLE to regulate cell proliferation. In agreement with this view, we show that Nolz1 could act in collaboration with TLE-4, as they are expressed at the same time in NPC cultures and during mouse development. Conclusions: Nolz1 promotes RA signaling in the LGE, contributing to the striatal neurogenesis during development.

Nolz1 promotes striatal neurogenesis through the regulation of retinoic acid signaling

Background: Nolz1 is a zinc finger transcription factor whose expression is enriched in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), although its function is still unknown. Results: Here we analyze the role of Nolz1 during LGE development. We show that Nolz1 expression is high in proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the LGE subventricular zone. In addition, low levels of Nolz1 are detected in the mantle zone, as well as in the adult striatum. Similarly, Nolz1 is highly expressed in proliferating LGE-derived NPC cultures, but its levels rapidly decrease upon cell differentiation, pointing to a role of Nolz1 in the control of NPC proliferation and/or differentiation. In agreement with this hypothesis, we find that Nolz1 over-expression promotes cell cycle exit of NPCs in neurosphere cultures and negatively regulates proliferation in telencephalic organotypic cultures. Within LGE primary cultures, Nolz1 over-expression promotes the acquisition of a neuronal phenotype, since it increases the number of β-III tubulin (Tuj1)- and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2-positive neurons, and inhibits astrocyte generation and/or differentiation. Retinoic acid (RA) is one of the most important morphogens involved in striatal neurogenesis, and regulates Nolz1 expression in different systems. Here we show that Nolz1 also responds to this morphogen in E12.5 LGE-derived cell cultures. However, Nolz1 expression is not regulated by RA in E14.5 LGE-derived cell cultures, nor is it affected during LGE development in mouse models that present decreased RA levels. Interestingly, we find that Gsx2, which is necessary for normal RA signaling during LGE development, is also required for Nolz1 expression, which is lost in Gsx2 knockout mice. These findings suggest that Nolz1 might act downstream of Gsx2 to regulate RA-induced neurogenesis. Keeping with this hypothesis, we show that Nolz1 induces the selective expression of the RA receptor (RAR)β without altering RARα or RARγ. In addition, Nozl1 over-expression increases RA signaling since it stimulates the RA response element. This RA signaling is essential for Nolz1-induced neurogenesis, which is impaired in a RA-free environment or in the presence of a RAR inverse agonist. It has been proposed that Drosophila Gsx2 and Nolz1 homologues could cooperate with the transcriptional co-repressors Groucho-TLE to regulate cell proliferation. In agreement with this view, we show that Nolz1 could act in collaboration with TLE-4, as they are expressed at the same time in NPC cultures and during mouse development. Conclusions: Nolz1 promotes RA signaling in the LGE, contributing to the striatal neurogenesis during development.

Stable isotopes indicate population structuring in the Southwest Atlantic population of right whales

From the early 17th century to the 1970s southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, were subject to intense exploitation along the Atlantic coast of South America. Catches along this coast recorded by whalers originally formed a continuum from Brazil to Tierra del Fuego. Nevertheless, the recovery of the population has apparently occurred fragmentarily, and with two main areas of concentration, one off southern Brazil (Santa Catarina) and another off central Argentina (Peninsula Valdés). This pattern suggests some level of heterogeneity amongst the population, which is apparently contradicted by records that traced individuals moving throughout the whole geographical extension covered by the species in the Southwest Atlantic. To test the hypothesis of the potential occurrence of discrete subpopulations exploiting specific habitats, we investigated N, C and O isotopic values in 125 bone samples obtained from whaling factories operating in the early 1970s in southern Brazil (n = 72) and from contemporary and more recent strandings occurring in central Argentina (n = 53). Results indicated significant differences between the two sampling areas, being δ13C and δ18O values significantly higher in samples from southern Brazil than in those from central Argentina. This variation was consistent with isotopic baselines from the two areas, indicating the occurrence of some level of structure in the Southwest Atlantic right whale population and equally that whales more likely feed in areas commonly thought to exclusively serve as nursing grounds. Results aim at reconsidering of the units currently used in the management of the southern right whale in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. In the context of the current die-off affecting the species in Peninsula Valdés, these results also highlight the necessity to better understand movements of individuals and precisely identify their feeding areas.

Magnetoestratigrafía de los sedimentos lacustres Pliocenos de la sección de Galera (Cuenca de Guadix-Baza, Cordilleras Béticas).

En este trabajo se presenta el análisis magnetoestratigráfico de los sedimentos lacustres del Plioceno superior de la serie de Galera (Cuenca de Guadix-Baza), dondle se cuenta con un rico registro paleontológico del Rusciniense superior y Villaniense. Su correlación con la Escala de Tiempo de Polaridad Geomagnética (ETPG) aporta una datación precisa de la biozonación local de la cuenca de Guadix-Baza y sus correspondientes biocronozonas MN.

La experiencia de la profesión sanitaria en servicios de salud mercantilizados

Introducción. El efecto combinado de la reorganización mercantil de los servicios de salud, del aumento de las demandas sociales a la sanidad, de la tecnologización de la asistencia sanitaria y de la creciente presión asistencial genera notables cambios en las condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: analizar la influencia de este nuevo entorno laboral en la salud y el bienestar ocupacional de los mismos. Método: Se diseñó una investigación que combinó metodologías cualitativa y cuantitativa. Participaron en ella unos tres cientos profesionales de la medicina y otros seiscientos de la enfermería empleados en hospitales de España y de varios países de América Latina, que respondieron un cuestionario que permitió recoger información sobre la valoración de los aspectos materiales, sociales y psicosociales de las condiciones de trabajo y las dimensiones cognitivas, emocionales y somáticas del bienestar laboral. Resultados. Los datos obtenidos pusieron de manifiesto la tendencia general a una relativa satisfacción con las condiciones de trabajo contrapesada por sentimientos ambivalentes asociados a la sobrecarga laboral percibida, a la densificación e intensificación del tiempo de trabajo, a la creciente incertidumbre por la carrera laboral y a los nuevos requerimientos técnicos y administrativos de la información que los profesionales deben producir y gestionar. Discusión. Estas constataciones convergen con las de otras investigaciones y plantean nuevos desafíos para la investigación y la intervención, en lo que concierne a la prevención de factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados a la sobrecarga de trabajo y a la presión asistencial; así como a la promoción de dispositivos organizacionales facilitadores de un entorno laboral saludable.

INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE BENEFITS OF CONSUMING FRUIT ON CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN TEMUCO, REGION OF THE ARAUCANÍA

ABSTRACT With the aim of identifying strategies to increase fruit consumption in Temuco, consumer segments were classified according to the importance and preference of theattributes type of fruit, package/ brand, benefit associated with fruit consumption and price. A survey was applied to 400 people in Temuco,Chile, distributed using a simple allocation: 200 working adults and 200university students. The questionnaire included the SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life) scale, respondents’ fruit consumption habits and their characteristics. Using conjoint and cluster analyses, three segments were distinguished: Group 1 (22.0%) gave greatest importance to the package/brand and preferred themessage “prevents diseases” and “without information”; Group 2 (47.5%) gave greatest importance to the package/brand and preferred the message “prevents diseases”; Group 3 (30.5%) assigned greatest importance to the price and preferred the message “contains antioxidants”. The segments differed in their level of satisfaction with food-related life, self-declared lifestyle, age and presence of university students. The results provide input to promote fruit consumption in working adults and university students.

Pseudomixoma peritoneal: aspectos tomográficos e na ressonância magnética - relato de três casos

O pseudomixoma peritoneal é um tumor incomum, de curso indolente, que se caracteriza pela presença de ascite mucinosa ou implantes na cavidade peritoneal. Origina-se geralmente de lesões no apêndice ou no ovário. O diagnóstico pode ser feito por meio da citologia de aspiração por agulha fina, ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. Os autores relatam três casos de pseudomixoma peritoneal cujo sítio primário era o ovário, e que foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética do abdome. Este trabalho enfatiza a importância destes métodos em função de sua capacidade de resolução espacial, imagens multiplanares e diferentes seqüências (na ressonância magnética), permitindo melhor avaliação das lesões. Os exames tomográficos demonstraram massas lobuladas, hipodensas, com limites bem definidos, determinando "lobulações" nas margens hepática e esplênica por compressão extrínseca secundária a implantes peritoneais, sem invasão dos órgãos. A ressonância magnética revelou lesões expansivas com baixo sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T1 e alto sinal em T2, de localização peritoneal, junto às margens do fígado e baço.