Primer seminario-taller científico para criadores de chinchillas: hacia la aplicación de biotecnologías de la reproducción.

La chinchilla es un roedor autóctono de Sudamérica que ha sido ha sido domesticado, criado y seleccionado genéticamente debido a la fineza y valor de su piel. Hoy la piel de chinchilla doméstica es la más cotizada en el mundo por el mercado peletero. La situación coyuntural tanto a nivel mundial como nacional ha dispuesto circunstancias muy favorables para la expansión de esta actividad especialmente en nuestro país, en función de un costo de producción bajo en pesos, con una demanda mundial creciente y con firmes precios en dólares o euros. En base a estas condiciones y a la alta calidad de las pieles producidas en nuestro país, Argentina se proyecta como uno de los mayores productores mundiales de pieles de chinchillas. Sin embargo, no se ha desarrollado aún una zootecnia acorde con las necesidades locales de producción. Lo que es más, la aplicación de técnicas que permitan maximizar y optimizar la productividad de los establecimientos de cría (como las técnicas de reproducción asistida), aún no ha sido concretada debido a la falta a nivel mundial de información en lo que respecta a las bases de la fisiología de la reproducción de esta especie. La identificación de los procesos subyacentes a la fisiología reproductiva en la chinchilla doméstica, es de vital importancia para establecer las bases para la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción asistida y herramientas de manejo que permitan incrementar la eficacia reproductiva y acelerar el mejoramiento genético del plantel animal. Es en base a esta problemática que los directivos de la Asociación de Criadores de Chinchillas (ACRICHI) Rama Córdoba ya desde el año 1998 se contactan y comienzan a colaborar con nuestro grupo de trabajo, que desde entonces se ha dedicado al estudio de la fisiología reproductiva y la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción asistida en Chinchilla lanigera, especie de la que pocos grupos a nivel mundial se han ocupado y sobre la que muy escasa bibliografía se encuentra disponible. ACRICHI es una organización cooperativa de criadores de chinchillas que se establece aproximadamente desde el año 1995 y que a nivel nacional nuclea actualmente a más de 60 criaderos. Esta organización persigue objetivos comunes tales como la capacitación de los criadores en temas referidos a la calidad de las pieles, el manejo sustentable de los establecimientos y la constante mejora de la rentabilidad de la cría comercial. Colaboran activamente con nuestro grupo de trabajo realizando donaciones de animales para experimentación, participando en nuestros proyectos con instancias experimentales realizadas en sus propios establecimientos, aportando bases de datos, etc. Dada la larga trayectoria de colaboración mencionada, es que surge la inquietud de concretar de manera formal la difusión de los resultados obtenidos por nuestro equipo al sector involucrado. De esta forma, se elabora el presente proyecto de transferencia establecido en conjunto con ACRICHI que pretende no sólo llegar al grupo de criadores nucleados en esta organización sino también ampliar la difusión de los resultados a criadores pertenecientes a otras organizaciones de criadores del país. Entre éstas podemos mencionar a la Asociación Argentina de Criadores de Chinchillas (Buenos Aires), Asociación de Productores COPECHIN (Buenos Aires), Asociación de Productores de Chinchillas de Santa Fé Prochinsa (Santa Fé), Grupo Cambio Rural Boanaerense, INTA (Bahia Blanca) etc. Se pretende además complementar la exposición de nuestros resultados referentes a la fisiología de la reproducción, con disertaciones de profesionales veterinarios invitados, que expongan acerca de temas de interés respecto a la salud y patologías comunes presentadas en los criaderos de chinchillas.

Apendice a los quatro tomos de los Juzgados militares de España y sus Indias /

Contiene el Reglamento del Monte Pio Militar para estos Dominios y los de Indias con las últimas Ordenes que rigen : la Cédula sobre cría de Caballos de Raza, la Instrucción para Corregidores, y las Respluciones expedidas despues de la publicación del cuarto tomo en los años de 89, 90 y 91 pertenecientes à la Obra.

Defensa de la Real Yeguada á consecuencia de lo que de ella se ha dicho en los números 341 y 342 del Boletín de Veterinaria... [y otras obras]

Mode of access: Internet.

Telhis-i usûl-i icra /

Includes: İcra Kanun-ı muvakkatı / Tevfik Tarık. Dersaadet : İkbal Kütp̈hanesi Sahibi Hüseyin, 1330-1332 [1914] (71 p.).

Determinantes da remuneração do spread de certificados de recebíveis do agronegócio no mercado brasileiro

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os fatores que afetam a determinação dos spreads nas operações de Certificado de Recebível do Agronegócio (CRA). Foram selecionadas na amostra todas as emissões registradas na ANBIMA entre os anos de 2012 e maio de 2016. Verificou-se que a remuneração desse título é influenciada principalmente pela presença de reforço de crédito/garantias, pelo setor originador dos recebíveis e pela companhia securitizadora. Em uma segunda análise mais detalhada e acrescentando as variáveis uma a uma de forma a testar a aderência do modelo, encontraram-se evidências de que o tamanho da emissão e o percentual de subordinação são importantes variáveis de controle na determinação do spread. Ao incluirmos a variável rating, esta passa a ser relevante e da mesma forma acontece com a garantia, demonstrando que o percentual de subordinação reduz o spread do título, mas quando se acrescenta garantia, ele deixa de ser significativo. O sinal da variável garantia é positivo e demonstra que se há a necessidade de incluir garantias na emissão, é porque provavelmente é essencial para que a emissão ocorra. Por fim, a variável securitizadora mostrou-se relevante, indicando que o investidor leva em consideração a qualidade da mesma para a precificação do título.

Ocular blood flow measurements in healthy human myopic eyes

Background. To evaluate the haemodynamic features of young healthy myopes and emmetropes, in order to ascertain the perfusion profile of human myopia and its relationship with axial length prior to reaching a degenerative state. Methods The retrobulbar, microretinal and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) of one eye of each of twenty-two high myopes (N=22, mean spherical equivalent (MSE) =-5.00D), low myopes (N=22, MSE-1.00 to-4.50D) and emmetropes (N=22, MSE±0.50D) was analyzed using color Doppler Imaging, Heidelberg retinal flowmetry and ocular blood flow analyser (OBF) respectively. Intraocular pressure, axial length (AL), systemic blood pressure, and body mass index were measured. Results. When compared to the emmetropes and low myopes, the AL was greater in high myopia (p<0.0001). High myopes showed higher central retinal artery resistance index (CRA RI) (p=0.004), higher peak systolic to end diastolic velocities ratio (CRA ratio) and lower end diastolic velocity (CRA EDv) compared to low myopes (p=0.014, p=0.037). Compared to emmetropes, high myopes showed lower OBFamplitude (OBFa) (p=0.016). The POBF correlated significantly with the systolic and diastolic blood velocities of the CRA (p=0.016, p=0.036). MSE and AL correlated negatively with OBFa (p=0.03, p=0.003), OBF volume (p=0.02, p<0.001), POBF (p=0.01, p<0.001) and positively with CRA RI (p=0.007, p=0.05). Conclusion. High myopes exhibited significantly reduced pulse amplitude and CRA blood velocity, the first of which may be due to an OBF measurement artefact or real decreased ocular blood flow pulsatility. Axial length and refractive error correlated moderately with the ocular pulse and with the resistance index of the CRA, which in turn correlated amongst themselves. It is hypothesized that the compromised pulsatile and CRA haemodynamics observed in young healthy myopes is an early feature of the decrease in ocular blood flow reported in pathological myopia. Such vascular features would increase the susceptibility for vascular and age-related eye diseases.

Qualidade de vida de pessoas com estomias intestinais

Ostomy is an open surgical origin, when it is necessary to deviate temporarily or permanently, the normal transit of food and / or deletions. The patient with ostomy disposal is faced with changes in their physiology, also emerging on the need to care collection bag. This study aimed to analyze the quality of life (QOL) of people living with ostomy Intestinal (EI), who attended the Pediatric and Adult Rehabilitation Center of Rio Grande do Norte (CRI / CRA-RN). It is an analytical study with cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, accomplished with 89 people who had EI. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CEP / UFRN), CAAE: 19866413.3.0000.5537. Held data collection in the period January-March 2015 using two instruments: an adapted general questionnaire covering socio-demographic, clinical and self-care and a specific instrument for assessing QOL of people with stoma titled as City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-Q), validated and adapted to Portuguese in 2010, composed of four areas, namely: Welfare Body (BEF), Welfare Psychological (BEP), Welfare (BES ) and Spiritual Well-Being (BEE). The collected data were entered into a database in Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet application and processed in computerized software for descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed that 83.1% had a colostomy and ileostomy 16.9%. Sociodemographic characteristics prevailed in males (57.3%), over 50 (57.3%), mulatto (46.1%), with presence of companion / a (57.3%), retired / beneficiaries (50.5%), monthly income above the minimum wage (68.5%) and who have studied up to elementary school (67.4%). Regarding clinical aspects, it was observed that the main cause that led to the making of the stoma was the neoplasm (59.6%) followed by trauma (21.3%). The sample showed people with stoma for more than six months (79.8%) of permanently (57.3%), in use sink equipment piece drainable (68.5%) of flat base (82.0%). With respect to self-care, 93.3% emptied and washed the bag alone (care related to hygiene) and 75.3% fixed the new exchange on the skin during the exchange (care related to the stock). Patients with more than six months of ostomy and had no partner (a) had higher averages of self-care related hygiene and purse. The average of respondents QoL scores was 68.90% for General QOL; 68.03% for the BEF; 68.38% for the BEP; 66.46% for BES and 75.41% for BEE. Among the aspects that influenced QOL included: physical strength, pain, suffering and gases (physical domain); appearance, care of the stoma and adaptation to new condition (psychological domain); isolation, interference in personal relationships and social activities (social domain) and going to church or synagogue, spiritual activities and positive change after ostomy (spiritual realm). Based on these results, it is concluded that this was a predominantly adult sample / elderly (between 50 and 70 years), with low education and the cause motivating the stoma, neoplasms. However, such findings did not pass at low percentage levels on the self-care capacity to deliver even at low QOL scores.

Qualidade de vida de pessoas com estomias intestinais

Ostomy is an open surgical origin, when it is necessary to deviate temporarily or permanently, the normal transit of food and / or deletions. The patient with ostomy disposal is faced with changes in their physiology, also emerging on the need to care collection bag. This study aimed to analyze the quality of life (QOL) of people living with ostomy Intestinal (EI), who attended the Pediatric and Adult Rehabilitation Center of Rio Grande do Norte (CRI / CRA-RN). It is an analytical study with cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, accomplished with 89 people who had EI. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CEP / UFRN), CAAE: 19866413.3.0000.5537. Held data collection in the period January-March 2015 using two instruments: an adapted general questionnaire covering socio-demographic, clinical and self-care and a specific instrument for assessing QOL of people with stoma titled as City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-Q), validated and adapted to Portuguese in 2010, composed of four areas, namely: Welfare Body (BEF), Welfare Psychological (BEP), Welfare (BES ) and Spiritual Well-Being (BEE). The collected data were entered into a database in Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet application and processed in computerized software for descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed that 83.1% had a colostomy and ileostomy 16.9%. Sociodemographic characteristics prevailed in males (57.3%), over 50 (57.3%), mulatto (46.1%), with presence of companion / a (57.3%), retired / beneficiaries (50.5%), monthly income above the minimum wage (68.5%) and who have studied up to elementary school (67.4%). Regarding clinical aspects, it was observed that the main cause that led to the making of the stoma was the neoplasm (59.6%) followed by trauma (21.3%). The sample showed people with stoma for more than six months (79.8%) of permanently (57.3%), in use sink equipment piece drainable (68.5%) of flat base (82.0%). With respect to self-care, 93.3% emptied and washed the bag alone (care related to hygiene) and 75.3% fixed the new exchange on the skin during the exchange (care related to the stock). Patients with more than six months of ostomy and had no partner (a) had higher averages of self-care related hygiene and purse. The average of respondents QoL scores was 68.90% for General QOL; 68.03% for the BEF; 68.38% for the BEP; 66.46% for BES and 75.41% for BEE. Among the aspects that influenced QOL included: physical strength, pain, suffering and gases (physical domain); appearance, care of the stoma and adaptation to new condition (psychological domain); isolation, interference in personal relationships and social activities (social domain) and going to church or synagogue, spiritual activities and positive change after ostomy (spiritual realm). Based on these results, it is concluded that this was a predominantly adult sample / elderly (between 50 and 70 years), with low education and the cause motivating the stoma, neoplasms. However, such findings did not pass at low percentage levels on the self-care capacity to deliver even at low QOL scores.

Valoración del bienestar animal porcino en diferentes condiciones de alojamiento, utilizando indicadores de estrés y parámetros reproductivos

El bienestar animal (BA) se ha consolidado como una de las bases que marcan la producción animal. Su necesidad ha nacido de la sensibilización de grupos sociales e investigadores que iniciaron propuestas para que se tuviesen en cuenta manejos y sistemas de producción que mantuviesen a los animales en condiciones de cría que permitan desarrollar su comportamiento natural, a la vez que una homeostasis en su ciclo vital. La Comunidad Europea ha sido pionera en introducir estos cambios sobre protección animal, que además de evitar dolor y sufrimiento innecesario en los animales, tiene por objeto la formación del personal responsable en el manejo de los animales, además de prevenir la distorsión de la competencia en los mercados comunitarios que podrían ocasionar los distintos niveles de exigencia existentes en cada Estado miembro, para lo cual se ha impulsado una legislación común...

Treinta años del control del doping en los hipódromos españoles: 1983-2014

El deseo de lograr la victoria con el menor esfuerzo o la garantía de la derrota segura del rival, es un sentimiento tan antiguo como la historia del deporte, para conseguirlo a lo largo del tiempo los métodos, las formas, las sustancias para alterar el rendimiento físico han evolucionado, aunque la intención se mantiene de forma invariable. En nuestros días el doping está presente en la mayoría de los deportes y las carreras de caballos no son una excepción. Por esta razón con el fin de salvaguardar el bienestar animal, la limpieza del deporte y la protección del juego en los hipódromos españoles se realiza “el control del doping”, se practica a los caballos PSI de carreras, hasta ahora, siguiendo las directrices del “Código de la Sociedad Fomento de la Cría Caballar en España” (SFCCE), de esta forma tratamos de impedir el uso fraudulento de sustancias dopantes o el abuso de las sustancias medicamentosas. El control del doping en los hipódromos españoles empezó en 1960, gracias a un acuerdo entre la SFCCE y la Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense, de lo sucedido en estos primeros años incluimos en nuestro trabajo un estudio crítico. En 1983 la SFCCE se modernizó y delegó la responsabilidad de los análisis de orina y sangre a un laboratorio homologado por la International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA). Por esta razón, en nuestro trabajo aportamos los datos correspondientes al control del doping de los caballos de carreras en España desde 1983 y hasta diciembre de 2014...

Monitorización de los principales patógenos de las abejas para la detección de alertas y riesgos sanitarios

Las abejas, principalmente la especie Apis mellifera, desarrollan una función biológica muy importante puesto que se encargan de polinizar diversos cultivos agrícolas y la flora silvestre de todo el mundo. No obstante, existen numerosos factores que influyen en el estado sanitario de las colonias de abejas y presentan además un alto grado de interacciones entre ellos. Algunos de los potenciales riesgos para la apicultura española ya han sido identificados, como por ejemplo las dos especies de microsporidios, Nosema apis y N. ceranae, que actúan como parásitos intracelulares obligados o los ectoparásitos Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi o Braula coeca; así como numerosos virus capaces de infectar a Apis melífera, de los cuales los principales son el virus de las alas deformadas (DWV), el virus de las realeras negras (BQCV), el virus Kashmir (KBV), el virus de la parálisis aguda (ABPV) y su variante israelí (IAPV). Otras enfermedades que afectan fundamentalmente a la cría de abejas son la loque americana y la loque europea, ambas de origen bacteriano (Paenibacillus larvae y Melissococcus plutonius respectivamente), así como la ascosferosis causada por el hongo Ascosphaera apis. Otro riesgo potencial para las abejas es la posible entrada de agentes exóticos como el coleóptero Aethina tumida o el ácaro Tropilaelaps clareae cuya presencia en Europa debe ser declarada según la OIE (2015). Recientemente se ha incluido a los neogregarinos y tripanosomátidos como posibles agentes patógenos. Actualmente, N. ceranae junto con V. destructor son los principales agentes patógenos que producen problemas sanitarios de las colonias de abejas en Europa. Además, se considera que los patógenos podrían jugar un papel primordial en el incremento de mortalidad de las abejas detectado en distintos países durante los últimos años...

The Effect of Reputation Shocks to Rating Agencies on Corporate Disclosures

This paper explores the effect of credit rating agency’s (CRA) reputation on the discretionary disclosures of corporate bond issuers. Academics, practitioners, and regulators disagree on the informational role played by major CRAs and the usefulness of credit ratings in influencing investors’ perception of the credit risk of bond issuers. Using management earnings forecasts as a measure of discretionary disclosure, I find that investors demand more (less) disclosure from bond issuers when the ratings become less (more) credible. In addition, using content analytics, I find that bond issuers disclose more qualitative information during periods of low CRA reputation to aid investors better assess credit risk. That the corporate managers alter their voluntary disclosure in response to CRA reputation shocks is consistent with credit ratings providing incremental information to investors and reducing adverse selection in lending markets. Overall, my findings suggest that managers rely on voluntary disclosure as a credible mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in bond markets.

Sillery et l’industrie du bois au XIXe siècle

Notre thèse réalise un tour d’horizon des activités matérielles et communautaires qui se déroulèrent dans la municipalité de Sillery au XIXe siècle. Intégrée au contexte mercantile de cette époque de l’histoire du Québec en tant que colonie britannique, Sillery connut, surtout entre 1810 et 1880, une prospérité et un accroissement de population dûs aux activités reliées à l’industrie du bois. L’implantation de cette structure industrielle y créa un milieu ouvrier et un milieu patronal distincts, qui nous semblèrent intéressants à étudier. Nous attachant d’abord à situer géographiquement la municipalité et la paroisse, nous mimes l’accent sur la relation entre la topographie et les différences de niveau social. Un aperçu de la situation historique nous permit ensuite de décrire l’évolution de cette municipalité au cours du XIXe ciècle. Enfin, nous fîmes un examen des langues parlées et des religions pratiquées. Nous connaissions alors mieux les lieux et les hommes. La première partie du corps du travail, les activités matérielles, étudie ensuite les deux industries majeures de l’époque: le flottage du bois dans les anses jusqu’à son expédition et la construction de navires. En premier chapitre, le flottage du bois se divise en une description du chantier, suivie d’un compte-rendu des étapes du flottage, des métiers, des rivalités au travail et finalement, des profils de quelques grands marchands de bois. Le second chapitre, intitulé la construction des navires, décrit les étapes de leur construction, les matériaux et les modèles fabriqués, les métiers. Puis il esquisse le portrait de quelques grands constructeurs. Le deuxième partie concerne les activités communautaires. Nous observons d’abord la vie domestique à travers l’habitation et les biens de consommation, tels que la nourriture, les transports, les vêtements les services. Le second chapitre propose un examen de la vie scolaire et municipale. Puis, troisièmement, les activités religieuses et de loisir (fêtes, cérémonies, jeux, sports...) viennent compléter cette étude de la vie collective. L’examen des activités communautaires démontre l’existence de deux groupes sociaux formés par l’industrialisation: les marchands-bourgeois et les ouvriers-prolétaires. En conclusion, les résultats de notre recherche révèlent le vrai visage de la société de Sillery au XIXe siècle: celui de deux communautés séparées, non pas par la nationalité ou la langue parlée, mais par un fossé économique infranchissable.

Cultural valuation and biodiversity conservation in the Upper Guinea forest, West Africa

The cultural valuation of biodiversity has taken on renewed importance over the last two decades as the ecosystem services framework has become widely adopted. Conservation initiatives increasingly use ecosystem service frameworks to render tropical forest landscapes and their peoples legible to market-oriented initiatives such as REDD+ and biodiversity offsetting schemes. Ecosystem service approaches have been widely criticized by scholars in the social sciences and humanities for their narrow focus on a small number of easily quantifiable and marketable services and a reductionist and sometimes simplistic approach to culture. We address the need to combine methods from each of the “three cultures” of natural science, quantitative social science, and qualitative social science/humanities in conceptualizing the relationship between cultural valuation and biodiversity conservation. We combine qualitative data with forest inventories and a quantitative index of cultural value to evaluate the relationship between cultural valuation and biodiversity conservation in Upper Guinea forest in Liberia, West Africa. Our study focuses on “sacred agroforests,” spaces that are associated with Mande macro-language speaking groups such as the Loma. We demonstrate that sacred agroforests are associated with different cultural values compared with secondary forests. Although biodiversity and biomass are similar, sacred agroforests exhibit a different species composition, especially of culturally salient species, increasing overall landscape agro-biodiversity. Sacred agroforests are also shaped and conserved by local cultural institutions revolving around ancestor worship, ritual, and the metaphysical conceptual category “salɛ.” We conclude that to understand the relationship between cultural valuation and biodiversity conservation, interpretivist approaches such as phenomenology should be employed alongside positivist ecosystem service frameworks.

Assessing the resilience of water supply systems in Oman

Water systems in the Sultanate of Oman are inevitably exposed to varied threats and hazards due to both natural and man-made hazards. Natural disasters, especially tropical cyclone Gonu in 2007, cause immense damage to water supply systems in Oman. At the same time water loss from leaks is a major operational problem. This research developed an integrated approach to identify and rank the risks to the water sources, transmission pipelines and distribution networks in Oman and suggests appropriate mitigation measures. The system resilience was evaluated and an emergency response plan for the water supplies developed. The methodology involved mining the data held by the water supply utility for risk and resilience determination and operational data to support calculations of non-revenue water. Risk factors were identified, ranked and scored at a stakeholder workshop and the operational information required was principally gathered from interviews. Finally, an emergency response plan was developed by evaluating the risk and resilience factors. The risk analysis and assessment used a Coarse Risk Analysis (CRA) approach and risk scores were generated using a simple risk matrix based on WHO recommendations. The likelihoods and consequences of a wide range of hazardous events were identified through a key workshop and subsequent questionnaires. The thesis proposes a method of translating the detailed risk evaluations into resilience scores through a methodology used in transportation networks. A water audit indicated that the percentage of NRW in Oman is greater than 35% which is similar to other Gulf countries but high internationally. The principal strategy for managing NRW used in the research was the AWWA water audit method which includes free to use software and was found to be easy to apply in Oman. The research showed that risks to the main desalination processes can be controlled but the risk due to feed water quality might remain high even after implementing mitigation measures because the intake is close to an oil port with a significant risk of oil contamination and algal blooms. The most severe risks to transmission mains were found to be associated with pipe rather than pump failure. The systems in Oman were found to be moderately resilient, the resilience of desalination plants reasonably high but the transmission mains and pumping stations are very vulnerable. The integrated strategy developed in this study has a wide applicability, particularly in the Gulf area, which may have risks from exceptional events and will be experiencing NRW. Other developing countries may also experience such risks but with different magnitudes and the risk evaluation tables could provide a useful format for further work.