Brotherhood Coin

Obverse: 2 Sheqalim silver coin. Emblem of the State of Israel in the center of the coin. Reverse: Stylized background, inscription.

Seasonal Greeting token 2000

Obverse: Emblem of the Israel Government Coins and Medal Corporation. Reverse: Map from the15th century with Jerusalem as a center of the world.

Jaffa Commemorative Medal

Obverse: The promontory of Jaffa in the form of Jonah's whale, carrying old buildings on its back. The words Jaffa stylized into the whale's back tail. Reverse: In the center, city coin minted during the reign of Emperor Elagabalus, Athena the goddess of wisdom.

Jerusalem Commemorative Medal

Obverse: Stylized picture of Jerusalem atop mountains surrounded by clouds. Reverse: Bar Kochba coin from Jerusalem, in the center four columns, an arc, a symbol of the Torah.

Jerusalem Commemorative Coin

Obverse: Stylized picture of Jerusalem atop mountain surrounded by clouds. Reverse: Bar Kochba coin from Jerusalem. In the center of the coin 4 columns, an arc, symbol of the Torah.

Israel State Lottery Commemorative Medal

Obverse: The Lottery emblem, the Hebrew letter "P" entwined with the Star of David and surrounding it. In the left side of the medal symbols for medicine and education, a test tube, a serpent and a book. Reverse: Around the rim twelve signs of the zodiac, in the center a schematic design of a lottery selling kiosk.

Avdat Commemorative Medal

Obverse: In the center, the arch which served as an entrance to the Acropolis during the historical periods, to the left columns of different sizes, leaves and branches-motif from Nabatean bowl from Avdat, replica of astone relief motif from the late Roman period representing a bird. Reverse: Avdat coin minted by Nabatean King Aretas IV, in the center of the coin with a double cornucopia crossed at its base.

Haifa Commemorative Medal

Obverse: The emblem of the city of Haifa in the center of the medal, inscription on the rim. reverse: Stylized design of Haifa with sea and ship in front.

Jerusalem City Museum Commemorative Medal

Obverse: Stylized design of the Tower of David. Reverse: The emblem of Jerusalem in the center, the word 'Jerusalem' in different languages.

Masada Commemorative Medal

Obverse: In the center, an ancient shield and on its raised center, an inscription. Reverse: Design of Masada. At the mountain base, the signs of the Roman legions siege.

Blessed be the Healer Commemorative Medal

Obverse: In the center, a stylized design of the sun shining on a young branch. Reverse: Stylized inscription.

Am Yisroel Chai Commemorative Medal

Obverse: Stylized inscription. Reverse: In the center, burning bush.

Jerusalem of Gold Commemorative Medal

Obverse: Stylized panorama of Jerusalem with historical landmarks. Reverse: In the center the emblem of Jerusalem with the word Jerusalem in different languages.

Gates of Jerusalem Commemorative Medal

Obverse: Map of Jerusalem Old City's wall with all the gates and their names. Reverse: In the center, one of the Jerusalem's gates, the Old City in the background.

Magmatic evolution of topaz-bearing granite stocks within the Wiborg rapakivi granite batholith

This study brings new insights into the magmatic evolution of natural F-enriched peraluminous granitic systems. The Artjärvi, Sääskjärvi and Kymi granite stocks within the 1.64 Ga Wiborg rapakivi granite batholith have been investigated by petrographic, geochemical, experimental and melt inclusion methods. These stocks represent late-stage leucocratic and weakly peraluminous intrusive phases typical of rapakivi granites worldwide. The Artjärvi and Sääskjärvi stocks are multiphase intrusions in which the most evolved phase is topaz granite. The Kymi stock contains topaz throughout and has a well-developed zoned structure, from the rim to the center: stockscheider pegmatite equigranular topaz granite porphyritic topaz granite. Geochemically the topaz granites are enriched in F, Li, Be, Ga, Rb, Sn and Nb and depleted in Mg, Fe, Ti, Ba, Sr, Zr and Eu. The anomalous geochemistry and mineralogy of the topaz granites are essentially magmatic in origin; postmagmatic reactions have only slightly modified the compositions. The Kymi equigranular topaz granite shows the most evolved character, and the topaz granites at Artjärvi and Sääskjärvi resemble the less evolved porphyritic topaz granite of the Kymi stock. Stockscheiders are found at the roof contacts of the Artjärvi and Kymi stocks. The stockscheider at Artjärvi is composed of biotite-rich schlieren and pegmatite layers parallel to the contact. The schlieren layering is considered to have formed by velocity-gradient sorting mechanism parallel to the flow, which led to the accumulation of mafic minerals along the upper contact of the topaz granite. Cooling and contraction of the topaz granite formed fractures parallel to the roof contact and residual pegmatite magmas were injected along the fractures and formed the pegmatite layers. The zoned structure of the Kymi stock is the result of intrusion of highly evolved residual melt from deeper parts of the magma chamber along the fractured contact between the porphyritic granite crystal mush and country rock. The equigranular topaz granite and marginal pegmatite (stockscheider) crystallized from this evolved melt. Phase relations of the Kymi equigranular topaz granite have been investigated utilizing crystallization experiments at 100 to 500 MPa as a function of water activity and F content. Fluorite and topaz can crystallize as liquidus phases in F-rich peraluminous systems, but the F content of the melt should exceed 2.5 - 3.0 wt % to facilitate crystallization of topaz. In peraluminous F-bearing melts containing more than 1 wt % F, topaz and muscovite are expected to be the first F-bearing phases to crystallize at high pressure, whereas fluorite and topaz should crystallize first at low pressure. Overall, the saturation of fluorite and topaz follows the reaction: CaAl2Si2O8 (plagioclase) + 2[AlF3]melt = CaF2 (fluorite) + 2Al2SiO4F2 (topaz). The obtained partition coefficient for F between biotite and glass D(F)Bt/glass is 1.89 to 0.80 (average 1.29) and can be used as an empirical fluormeter to determine the F content of coexisting melts. In order to study the magmatic evolution of the Kymi stock, crystallized melt inclusions in quartz and topaz grains in the porphyritic and the equigranular topaz granites and the marginal pegmatite were rehomogenized and analyzed. The homogenization conditions for the melt inclusions from the granites were 700 °C, 300 MPa, and 24 h, and for melt inclusions from the pegmatite, 700 °C, 100 MPa, and 24/96 h. The majority of the melt inclusions is chemically similar to the bulk rocks (excluding H2O content), but a few melt inclusions in the equigranular granite show clearly higher F and low K2O contents (on average 11.6 wt % F, 0.65 wt % K2O). The melt inclusion compositions indicate coexistence of two melt fractions, a prevailing peraluminous and a very volatile-rich, possibly peralkaline. Combined petrological, experimental and melt inclusion studies of the Kymi equigranular topaz granite indicate that plagioclase was the liquidus phase at nearly water-saturated (fluid-saturated) conditions and that the F content of the melt was at least 2 wt %. The early crystallization of biotite and the presence of muscovite in crystallization experiments at 200 MPa contrasts with the late-stage crystallization of biotite and the absence of muscovite in the equigranular granite, indicating that crystallization pressure may have been lower than 200 MPa for the granite.