Diagnosis and therapeutics of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in childhood. Case report and review of the literature

We report the case of a 3-year-old female patient, who, since birth, had cyanosis difficult to explain with usual diagnostic tests. The only findings on physical examination were cyanosis and clubbing of her fingers. Chest computerized tomography showed images of excessive attenuation in the right lung, which resembled arteriovenous fistulae that were later confirmed on cardiac catheterization. The fistulous trajectories were then embolized with 7 Gianturco coils, which resulted in an immediate increase in the arterial saturation of blood oxygen.

Breastfeeding and depression: a systematic review of the literature

Background: Research has separately indicated associations between pregnancy depression and breastfeeding, breastfeeding and postpartum depression, and pregnancy and postpartum depression. This paper aimed to provide a systematic literature review on breastfeeding and depression, considering both pregnancy and postpartum depression. Methods: An electronic search in three databases was performed using the keywords: “breast feeding”, “bottle feeding”, “depression”, “pregnancy”, and “postpartum”. Two investigators independently evaluated the titles and abstracts in a first stage and the full-text in a second stage review. Papers not addressing the association among breastfeeding and pregnancy or postpartum depression, non-original research and research focused on the effect of antidepressants were excluded. 48 studies were selected and included. Data were independently extracted. Results: Pregnancy depression predicts a shorter breastfeeding duration, but not breastfeeding intention or initiation. Breastfeeding duration is associated with postpartum depression in almost all studies. Postpartum depression predicts and is predicted by breastfeeding cessation in several studies. Pregnancy and postpartum depression are associated with shorter breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding may mediate the association between pregnancy and postpartum depression. Pregnancy depression predicts shorter breastfeeding duration and that may increase depressive symptoms during postpartum. Limitations: The selected keywords may have led to the exclusion of relevant references. Conclusions: Although strong empirical evidence regarding the associations among breastfeeding and pregnancy or postpartum depression was separately provided, further research, such as prospective studies, is needed to clarify the association among these three variables. Help for depressed pregnant women should be delivered to enhance both breastfeeding and postpartum psychological adjustment.

Friedreich's Ataxia: Cardiac Evaluation of 25 Patients with Clinical Diagnosis and Literature Review

OBJECTIVE - Cardiac evaluation (clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic) of 25 Brazilian patients with clinical diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia (FA) related to the frequency and the size of GAA repeats (unstable expansion of trinucleotide repeats that results in the disease). METHODS - Clinical and cardiac study including electrocardiogram and echocardiogram of all patients and molecular analysis to detect the frequency and the size of GAA expansion, by polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS - Homozygous GAA expansion was detected in 17 patients (68%) -- all typical cases. In 8 (32%) cases (6 atypical and 2 typical), no GAA expansion was observed, therefore it was not considered Friedreich's ataxia. All patients with GAA expansion (100%) had electrocardiographic abnormalities, and only 25% of the cases without GAA expansion had some abnormality on this exam. However, only 6% of all patients revealed some signals/symptoms suggestive of cardiac involvement. CONCLUSION - A molecular analysis is essential to confirm the diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia; however, an adequate cardiac evaluation, including an electrocardiogram, was extremely useful to better screening the patients which should perform these molecular analysis.

Cardiac Damage from Chronic Use of Chloroquine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Chloroquine has been widely used in rheumatological treatment, but potential severe side effects require careful follow-up. Cardiac damage is not a common consequence, but its clinical relevance has not yet been described. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis, in whom chronic chloroquine use resulted in major irreversible cardiac damage. She presented with syncopal episodes due to complete atrioventricular block confirmed by electrophysiological study whose changes were concluded to be irreversible and a permanent pacemaker was indicated. Endomyocardial biopsy was also performed to search for histopathological and ultrastructural cardiac damage. We also reviewed the 22 cases of chloroquine-induced cardiopathy described to date as well as its pathophysiology.

Moeda e monetarização coloniais. Uma aproximação ao caso Cabo-Verde no fim do período colonial (1961-1973).

Doutoramento em Economia.

Economía, Política y Sociedad Colonial. Elites y sociedades indígenas y campesinas en Córdoba y la Gobernación del Tucumán. Colonial Economy, Politics and Society. Elites and Indigenous-Peasant Societies in Cordoba and "Gobernación del Tucumán"

El PROBLEMA OBJETO de estudio es la economía, la política y la sociedad colonial en Córdoba y en la Gobernación del Tucumán, durante el período colonial e incluso el de su crisis, con especial atención sobre las transformaciones de las sociedades campesinas e indígenas y sus relaciones con el estado colonial, la iglesia y el sector privado. El ESPACIO a analizar será del de la Gobernación del Tucumán entendido como espacio jurisdiccional que incluía varias regiones con alto grado de relacionamiento, profundizándose sobre la situación de la región de Córdoba, teniendo en cuenta las características de las sociedades originarias, el sistema de dominación colonial, el sistema judicial, el sistema económico de explotación y el proceso de evangelización, así como las formas de resistencia y adaptación de las sociedades indígenas que devendrán en sectores campesinos. Entendemos que es importante tomar como UNIDAD DE ANALISIS al espacio que durante la colonia ocupaba la Gobernación del Tucumán en tanto permite realizar un análisis de largaduración sobre las transformaciones de las sociedades indígenas y campesinas, ya que el mismo casi coincide con el del antiguo Tawantinsuyu y con el del "interior argentino" del siglo XIX. LOS OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS consistirán en analizar a) el sistema de dominación colonial en sus especificidades normativas, en el Tucumán en general y en Cordoba en particular, comparandolo con el implementado en las zonas centrales del virreinato peruano para comprender las causas que pudieron haber incidido en las dinámicas específicas que en estas tierras asumieron los procesos de reproducción, transformación, adaptación y etnogénesis de las sociedades indígenas que persistieron, y el paulatino tránsito de una parte de ellas hacia la conformación de sociedades campesinas. b) dichos procesos de transformación de las sociedades indígenas y campesinas y explorando sus formas de resistencia y adaptación. c) las características del sistema de dominación colonial, particularmente las múltiples y cambiantes relaciones entre estado, iglesia y poder privado así como entre las diversas instancias de poder político (local y regional). d) las políticas desplegadas en el sistema judicial y sus consecuencias en términos del acceso a la justicia de los sectores subalternos. HIPÓTESIS. a) Si bien luego de la conquista y durante el período colonial las sociedades indígenas sufrieron una fuerte desestructuración, investigaciones recientes nos han permitido conocer que varias de ellas lograron persistir como "pueblos de indios" y como economías étnicas transformadas, todo lo cual explicamos por el grado de complejidad social preexistente, la capacidad de adaptación de dichas sociedades a las imposiciones del sistema de dominación y explotación colonial y con las acciones de resistencia desplegadas. b) Dentro del universo de las sociedades desestructuradas, se irán conformando unidades domésticas campesinas con características socio-culturales y con lógicas específicas de reproducción bien particulares en lo referido a sus formas de acceso a los recursos, el uso de la energía disponible y a las formas de producción y participación mercantil. METODOS Y FUENTES. Se recuperan metodologías y perspectivas de la historia económica social y de la etnohistoria; y en los proyectos específicos se incorporan también las provenientes de la demografía, historia eclesiástica, historia política y análisis de redes. Al tratarse de una investigación histórica, el análisis crítico de las fuentes provendrá de la reconstrucción de su contexto de producción, de su entrecruzamiento y confrontación. La documentación inédita a consultar será completa y variada y proveniente de distintos repositorios: AGI, ABNB, AGN, AHPBA, AHPC, AAC. En general se ESPERA profundizar nuestros proyectos en curso (que están orientados al análisis de los grupos subalternos de la Gobernación del Tucumán) mientras se continúa con la formación de recursos humanos.

Monthly Magazine or British Register (of Politics, Literature and the Belles Lettres)

2 (New Series)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.3 (1905)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.4 (1905)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.2 (1904)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.5 (1906)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.1 (1903)