Potential connections (least-cost paths) between existing and potential bison habitat patches in the Carpathian Mountains

Habitat connectivity is important for the survival of species that occupy habitat patches too small to sustain an isolated population. A prominent example of such a species is the European bison (Bison bonasus), occurring only in small, isolated herds, and whose survival will depend on establishing larger, well-connected populations. Our goal here was to assess habitat connectivity of European bison in the Carpathians. We used an existing bison habitat suitability map and data on dispersal barriers to derive cost surfaces, representing the ability of bison to move across the landscape, and to delineate potential connections (as least-cost paths) between currently occupied and potential habitat patches. Graph theory tools were then employed to evaluate the connectivity of all potential habitat patches and their relative importance in the network. Our analysis showed that existing bison herds in Ukraine are isolated. However, we identified several groups of well-connected habitat patches in the Carpathians which could host a large population of European bison. Our analysis also located important dispersal corridors connecting existing herds, and several promising locations for future reintroductions (especially in the Eastern Carpathians) that should have a high priority for conservation efforts. In general, our approach indicates the most important elements within a landscape mosaic for providing and maintaining the overall connectivity of different habitat networks and thus offers a robust and powerful tool for conservation planning.

Cassiodori ... doctissima et religiosissima Psalterij dauidici expositio : q[uam] plurima enucleans que vel idioma aliquod diuino eloquio propriu[m] vel dogma singulare vel diffinitione[m], vel schema, vel etymologia[m], vel interpretatione[m], vel rhetor

Sign.: a10, b-z8, [et]8, [cum]8, [rum]8, A-C8, D-E6

Fasciculus temporum, vel Chronica ab initio mundi.

Colofón en h. 65

Et quia lites quotidiè exoriebantur inter rectorem, clerum & Parochiam Sancti Martini & Hospitale Generale, suosque vicarium, & Capellanos, super juribus funeralibus commensalium & servitorum in eo decedentium & funerandorum in Ecclesia vel Coemeterio ejusdem Hospitalis ...

Texto fechado en Valencia, 25 de septiembre 1741

Ciceronis de officiis Libri Tres [Texto impreso] ; Cato Maior ; vel de senectute ; Laelius ; Vel de amicitia ; Paradoxa stoicorum sex ; Somnium Scipionis ; Ex libro sexto de republica.

Copia digital: Biblioteca Valenciana, 2011

Ordo ministrandi fidelibus pleraque sacramenta sepeliendi christianorum corpora ac peragendi ecclesiasticas alias functiones iuxta forman ritualis romani vel prasim diocesis caesaraugustanae [Texto impreso]

Sign.: A-P4, Q2

Alexander episcopus seruus seruorum Dei, ad perpetuam Rei memoriam... in dicta Ecclesia Valentina omnino observentur... per Thomam vel Franciscum Riz. [Texto impreso]

Ejemplar incompleto, falto de p. 1 y 2

Smi. D.N.D. Urbani... Papae VIII, Declaratio quad per alienationem quorumcunque locorum in statu Ecclesiastico existentium non censeatur translatus in acquirentem titulus Ducatus, Principatus, Marchionatus vel Comitatus... [Texto impreso]

Sign. : A4

The major allergens of birch pollen and cow milk, Bet v 1 and Bos d 5, are structurally related to human licocalin 2, enabling them to manipulate T-helper cells depending on their load with siderophore-bound iron

We conclude that Bet v 1 and Bos d 5 not only structurally mimic human LCN2, but also functionally by their ability to bind iron via siderophores. The apo-forms promote Th2 cells, whereas the holo-forms appear to be immunosuppressive. These results provide for the first time a functional understanding on the principle of allergenicity of major allergens from entirely independent sources, like birch and milk.