Estudo anatômico comparativo entre formas normais e estruturas teratogênicas provocadas por 2,4 -D em cana-de-açúcar

A aplicação do herbicida 2,4-D amina, para controlar plantas daninhas em cultura de cana-de-açúcar, produziu estruturas anormais e afetou a própria cultura da cana. Foram estuda das as alterações anatômicas e organográfícas dessas formas teratogénicas e comparadas com as estruturas normais. Foram observadas deformações no colmo que apresentou curvatur as e entrenós mais finos e curtos; o sistema radicular apresentou-se pouco desenvolvido. Na região do anel meristemático e saída das raízes adventícias, observou-se um intumescimento com tumoração e posterior necrose. Anatomicamente, na região do anel meristemático, a epiderme e o parênquima cortical apresentaram células hipertrofíadas e crescimento desordenado; houve malformação de feixes fibrovasculares. Na região das raízes adventícias foi observada tumoração com acentuada hiperplasia e necrose na periferia.

Avaliação da eficiência da mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4-D no controle da Commelina virginica L. em citros

Um dos herbicidas mais utilizados para o controle de plantas daninhas em pós-emergência nos pomares cítricos paulistas é o glyphosate. No entanto, este herbicida aplicado isoladamente e nas doses recomendadas, tem proporcionado seleção da planta daninha trapoeraba (Commelina virginica L.), devido à grande tolerância da mesma, somada à eficiente eliminação das demais espécies da comunidade infestante. Em vista disso, e pela falta de opções , faz-se necessária a pesquisa de outros herbicidas ou misturas de herbicidas que sejam eficientes no controle da trapoeraba, de baixa toxicidade para os aplicadores, sistêmicos, e que sejam seletivos às plantas cítricas. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência da mistura pronta dos herbicidas glyphosate + 2,4-D amina no controle da trapoeraba em citros [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], em comparação com estes mesmos herbicidas aplicados isoladamente, bem como os possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos da mesma à cultura. O experimento foi instalado na região de Catanduva-SP, em um pomar de laranja Pera clone Rio, enxertada sobre limão Cravo, com dez anos de idade, plantado em um espaçamento de 8,0 x 6,5 m. A aplicação dos herbicidas foi realizada em 20 de fevereiro de 1991, de forma dirigida, em pós-emergência tardia da trapoeraba, quando a mesma já florescia e tinha altura variável entre 15 e 60 cm. A análise e interpretação dos resultados obtidos mostraram que a mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4-D apresenta um controle superior da trapoeraba em relação aos produtos aplicados isoladamente, não havendo diferenças significativas no controle para doses superiores a 0,60 + 0,80 kg i.a./ha. Os dados obtidos reforçam a teoria de sinergismo entre os dois produtos. Em nenhum dos tratamentos foi verificado sintomas visuais de intoxicação nas laranjeiras.

Tolerância do sorgo granífero ao 2,4-D aplicado em pós-emergência

O sorgo granífero é uma espécie de destaque entre aquelas cultivadas em sucessão na região dos cerrados brasileiros. Embora o 2,4-D seja utilizado nessa cultura, pouco tem sido feito para determinar a suscetibilidade dessa espécie em função do seu estádio de desenvolvimento no momento de aplicação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a seletividade do herbicida 2,4-D aplicado em pós-emergência para a cultura do sorgo granífero. Foi utilizado o cultivar AG-1040, cultivado em vasos com capacidade de 10 dm-3 de solo em casa de vegetação. O ensaio foi disposto em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, correspondendo a cinco doses do herbicida 2,4-D sal de amina (0, 210, 420, 840 e 1.608 g ha-1), aplicadas nos estádios fenológicos de três, cinco e nove folhas completamente expandidas. Injúrias visuais foram observadas com maior intensidade quando as aplicações ocorreram nos estádios iniciais de crescimento vegetativo das plantas de sorgo. No entanto, os maiores efeitos negativos relacionados ao rendimento e ao acamamento de plantas foram observados em aplicações realizadas em estádios mais tardios do ciclo da cultura.

« Mémoires pour l'histoire des comtes de Toulouse et du Languedoc, de M. BESLY ». Ce titre, qui occupe le feuillet 1 du ms. 4920, ne correspond qu'à une partie des matières qui y sont contenues et dont la table (fol. 2) donne une idée plus exacte. Notre ms. est, en somme, un recueil de notes et de mémoires sur divers sujets, de la main de Jean Besly, jurisconsulte et historien, né en 1572, à Coulonges-les-Royaux, et mort en 1644 à Fontenay-le-Comte, en Poitou.

Contient : 1 « Advis sur l'histoire genealogique de la maison de France des Srs de Saincte Marthe, envoiez le 4 mars, l'an 1635 » ; 2 « Memoires des chanceliers de France » ; 3 « Annotations sur les Memoires de M. Jean Du Tillet » ; 4 « Observatio de Conradi Salicis, imperatoris, et Giselae, ejus uxoris cognatione » et « de Henrico IV, imperatore » ; 5 « Chronologie des règnes des rois de France des deux premières lignées » ; 6 « Collection de plusieurs extraicts d'histoires, chroniques et tiltres touchant le mariage du roi Philippe Ier avec Bertrade de Montfort, son divorce, et l'excommunication qu'il encourut pour ce faict » ; 7 « Philippe Auguste. Sur la dissolution du mariage du roy Philippes Auguste avec Ingeburge de Dannemark » ; 8 « Memoires pour le Bearn », savoir : a. « Memoires de la souveraineté de Bearn » (fol. 127 à 138); b. « Bearn, ou traicté du Bearn et des seigneurs qui en ont tenu le tiltre » (fol. 139 à 153); c. Les feuillets 144 et 145, 146 à 148, 152 et 153 contiennent trois brouillons de lettres sur le même sujet, et le second est daté du « 1er novembre 1620 »; d. « Memoire des vicomtes de Bearn » (fol. 154-159); e. « Memoire des vicomtes de Bearn » (fol. 160-5) ; f. « Force braves seigneurs » (fol. 166-9); g. « Memoires du Bearn » (fol. 170-8) ; 9 Foix ; 10 Suite des Mémoires concernant le Bearn, savoir : h. « Fors et costumas de Bearn » (fol. 180); i. « Extraict d'un gros inventaire du tresor des cartes de Bearn » (fol. 181); j. Vicomtes de Bearn (fol. 183-4) ; 11 Comtes de Toulouse, chronique en provençal : « Aiso es comtes que ag d'Azam entro al diluvi... Anno Domini MCC LXXV, iij die introitus mensis junii obiit nobilis vir dominus Sicardus Alamanni, cujus anima requiescat in pace » ; 12 Lettre signée : « Gaudineau » et adressée de « Luçon, le 24 may 1620... à M. l'advocat du roy et mayre, à Fontenay » ; 13 Factum contre « defuncte Jeh. de S. Martin, qui par son testament avait violé la coutume de Poitou » ; 14 Vicomtes de Bearn ; 15 « Project de l'origine de Hugues, roy d'Italie » ; 16 Poitou, Guyenne, Toulouse, ou histoire des comtes de Toulouse ; 17 Au feuillet 254 brouillon de lettre; au feuillet 255 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. Raimundi, Dei gra comitis Tolose, march. Provincie »; b. Autre figure, même légende. Dans a, le comte de Toulouse est représenté assis; dans b., il est représenté à cheval. Au feuillet 257 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. Alfonsus, fili. reg. Franc., comes Pict. et Tolose »; b. « S. R. Dalfini, comitis clr. ». Au feuillet 259 dessins de sceaux : a. Sigillum Ademari »; b. contresceau : « comitis Valemtinensis ». Au feuillet 261 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. comitis Provincie »; b. « Sigillum Raimundi Berengeri ». Au feuillet 262 dessins de sceaux : a. « S. comisse, uxoris Bereng., comitis et march. Provincie et comitis Forcalhari »; b. « Arma comitis a Sabaudie et marchis Italie » ; 18 « Mathildis comitissa » ; 19 Hugues, roi d'Italie, et Mathilde, la comtesse ; 20 Les mariages consanguins ; 21 Anthemius, etc., note adressée à l'év. de Poitiers, mise au net « le 16 fevrier 1640 » ; 22 « Regnante Christo », note sur cette formule ; 23 « Memoires pour Mr Du Chasteler-Barlot, contre les quatre tiltres qu'on luy oppose touchant la capitainerie de l'isle de Bouyn » ; 24 Lettre concernant les comtes d'Auvergne ; 25 Lettre ; 26 Lettre sur Chastelaillon et La Rochelle. Date : « A Fontenay le Comte, le 19 mars 1628 » ; 27 Lettre concernant Hugues Capet. Date : « A Paris, ce 7 mars 1633 ». Signé : « Besly » ; 28 « Galliae distributio » ; 29 Note sur la ville de « Vivonne » ; 30 Note sur Thouars et ses vicomtes ; 31 « De Melusine, dame de Lezignan » ; 32 « De S. Hilario Trevirensi » ; 33 Mémoire sur les comtes de Toulouse

The crystal and molecular structure of bis (pyridoxamine) copper (II) dinitrate monohydrate

The crystal structure of Cu(PM)2(N03hoH20 (where PM is pyridoxamine, CSHI2N202) has been determined from three dimensional x-ray diffraction data. The crystals are triclinic, space group pI, a = 14.248 (2), b = 8.568 (1), c = 9.319 (1) 1, a = 94.08 (1), e = 89.73 (1), y~~ 99.18 (1)°, z = 2, jl(MoK) = 10.90 em-I, Po = 1.61 g/cm3 and Pc = 1.61 g/em3• The structure a was solved by Patterson techniques from data collected on a Picker 4-circle diffractometer to 26max = 45°. All atoms, including hydrogens, have been located. Anisotropic thermal parameters have been refined for all nonhydrogen atoms. For the 2390 independent reflections with F ? 3cr(F) , R = 0.0408. The results presented here provide the first detailed structural information of a metal complex with PM itself. The copper atoms are located on centres of symmetry and each is chela ted by two PM zwitterions through the amino groups and phenolate oxygen atoms. The zwitterionic form found in this structure involves the loss of a proton from the phenolate group and protonation of the pyridine ring nitrogen atoms. The two independent Cu(PM)2 moieties are symmetrically bridged by a single oxygen atom from one of the nitrate groups. The second nitrate group is not coordinated to the copper atoms but is central to an extensive hydrogen bonding network involving the water molecule and uncoordinated functional groups of PM.

Bis-and tris (amidine) fluoroboron cations and related systems studies by Multinuclear NMR and fast atom bombardment mass spectometry

The formation and the isolation of fluoroboron salts, (D2BF2+)(PF6-), (DD'BF2+)(PF6-) and (D3BF2+)(PF6-)2, have been carried out. 1,8-Diazabicyclo [5,4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,O]non-5-ene (DBN), extremely strong organic bases, were introduced into the fluoroboron cation systems and induced a complicated redistribution reaction in the D/BF3/BC13 systems. The result was the formation of all BFnCI4-n-, D.BFnCI3-n and fluoroboron cation species which were detected by 19p and 11B NMR spectrometry. The displacement reaction of CI- from these D.BFnCI3-n (n = 1 and 2) species by the second entering ligand is much faster than in other nitrogen donor containing systems which have been previously studied. Tetramethylguanidine, oxazolines and thiazolines can also produce similar reactions in D/BF3/BCI3 systems, but no significant BFnC4-n- species were observed. As well as influences of their basicity and their steric hindrance, N=C-R(X) (X = N, 0 or S) and N=C( X)2 (X = N or S) structures of ligands have significant effects on the fonnationof fluoroboron cations and the related NMR parameters. D3BF2+ and some D2BF2+ show the expected inertness, but (DBU)2BF2+ shows an interestingly high reactivity. (D2BF2+)(X-) formed from weak organic bases such as pyridine can react with stronger organic bases and form DD'BF2+ and D'2BF2+ in acetone or nitromethane. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is doubly meaningful to this work. Firstly, FABMS can be directly applied to the complicated fluoroboron cation containing solution systems as an excellent complementary technique to multinuclear NMR. Secondly, the gas-phase ion substitution reaction of (D2BF2+)(PF6-) with the strong organic bases is successfully observed in a FABMS ion source when the B-N bond is not too strong in these cations.

Tetrathiafulvalene and 2,2'-Bipyridine: Bridging both Worlds in the Pursuit of Novel Molecular Materials

The preparation and characterization of two families of building blocks for molecule-based magnetic and conducting materials are described in three projects. In the first project the synthesis and characterization of three bis-imine ligands LI - L3 is reported. Coordination of LI to a series of metal salts afforded the five novel coordination complexes Sn(L4)C4 (I), [Mn(L4)(u-CI)(CI)(EtOH)h (II), [CU(L4)(u-sal) h(CI04)2 (sal = salicylaldehyde anion) (III), [Fe(Ls)2]CI (IV) and [Fe(LI)h(u-O) (V). All complexes have been structurally and magnetically characterized. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that, upon coordination to Lewis acidic metal salts, the imine bonds of LI are susceptible to nucleophilic attack. As a consequence, the coordination complexes (I) - (IV) contain either the cyclised ligand L4 or hydrolysed ligand Ls. In contrast, the dimeric Fe3+ complex (V) comprises two intact ligand LI molecules. In. this complex, the ligand chelates two Fe(III) centres in a bis-bidentate manner through the lone pairs of a phenoxy oxygen and an imine nitrogen atom. Magnetic studies of complexes (II-V) indicate that the dominant interactions between neighbouring metal centres in all of the complexes are antiferromagnetic. In the second project the synthesis and characterization two families of TTF donors, namely the cyano aryl compounds (VI) - (XI) and the his-aryl TTF derivatives (XII) - (XIV) are reported. The crystal structures of compounds (VI), (VII), (IX) and (XII) exhibit regular stacks comprising of neutral donors. The UV -Vis spectra of compounds (VI) - (XIV) present an leT band, indicative of the transfer of electron density from the TTF donors to the aryl acceptor molecules. Chemical oxidation of donors (VI), (VII), (IX) and (XII) with iodine afforded a series of CT salts that where possible have been characterized by single crystal X -ray diffraction. Structural studies showed that the radical cations in these salts are organized in stacks comprising of dimers of oxidized TTF donors. All four salts behave as semiconductors, displaying room temperature conductivities ranging from 1.852 x 10-7 to 9.620 X 10-3 Scm-I. A second series of CT salts were successfully prepared via the technique of electrocrystallization. Following this methodology, single crystals of two CT salts were obtained. The single crystal X-ray structures of both salts are isostructural, displaying stacks formed by trimers of oxidized donors. Variable temperature conductivity measurements carried out on this series of CT salts reveal they also are semiconductors with conductivities ranging from 2.94 x 10-7 to 1.960 X 10-3 S em-I at room temperature. In the third project the synthesis and characterization of a series of MII(hfac)2 coordination complexes of donor ligand (XII) where M2+ = Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ are reported. These complexes crystallize in a head-to-tail arrangement of TTF donor and bipyridine moieties, placing the metal centres and hfac ligands are located outside the stacks. Magnetic studies of the complexes (XV) - (XVIII) indicate that the bulky hfac ligands prevent neighbouring metal centres from assembling in close proximity, and thus they are magnetically isolated.

La asistencia legal al testigo y su situación procesal en la averiguación previa (Análisis del artículo 127 Bis del Código Federal de Procedimientos Penales)

Tesis ( Maestría en Ciencias Penales) U.A.N.L.

La inconstitucionalidad del artículo 21 Bis-8 de la Ley de Hacienda para los Municipios del Estado de Nuevo León

Tesis (Maestría en Derecho Fiscal ) U.A.N.L.

Decarboxylative Generation of Carbenes for the Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complexes - Applications in the Oxidative Coupling of 2-Naphthols

Le présent mémoire décrit la synthèse et l’utilité de complexes Cu-NHC. En premier lieu, la synthèse de complexes de cuivre porteurs de ligand(s) de type carbène-N-hétérocyclique (NHC) via une génération décarboxylative de carbènes sera présentée. En effet, de précédents rapports font état de l’utilisation de carboxylates d’imidazol(in)ium en tant que précurseurs carbéniques sous conditions thermolytiques. Ainsi, la présente étude montre l’utilisation de ces espèces zwitterioniques pour la synthèse de complexes de cuivre(I) mono- et bis-NHC comportant divers substituants et contre-ions. Une seconde partie du projet se concentrera sur l’évaluation de complexes Cu-NHC en tant que catalyseurs pour la synthèse de 2,2’-binaphtols via une réaction de couplage oxydatif de naphtols. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est d’étudier les effets de variations structurales de différents complexes Cu-NHC afin de construire un processus catalytique plus efficace. Les effets de la structure du catalyseur sur la réaction de couplage ont été évalués en variant son contre-ion, le nombre de ligands NHC se coordonnant au cuivre, ainsi que la nature des substituants du ligand.

Studies on the Synthesis and Transformations of a Few 2(3H)- and 3(2H)-Furanones

The thesis entitled studies on the synthesis and transformations of a few 2(3H)- and 3(2H)- furanones. Furanones represent an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds, which constitute the central ring system of many natural products. The derivatives of furan is divided, depending on their structure 2(3H)-furanones(I), 2(5H)-furanones(II), and 3(2H)-furanones(III). Systems I&II are unsatured gama lactones known as ‘butenolides’. Compounds of this type also known as ‘crotonolactones’ based on the parent crotonic acid. In conclusion a number of 2(3H)-and 3(2H)- furanones were synthesized from dibenzoylalkene precursors and were characterized on the basis of spectral analytical and X-ray data. On direct irradiation 3,3-bis(4-chloropheneyl)-5-aryl-3H-furan -2-ones underwent decarbonylation to yield the corresponding alpha, beta- unsaturated carbonyl compounds and upon sensitized irradiation they underwent dimersation arising through a 2+2 cycloaddition reaction. Our studies on 3(2H)-furanones revealed that these compounds are thermally stable, while they undergo extensive decomposition to intractable mixtures under the influence of light. Similarly, the novel dibenzoylalkenes- type systems containing hetroatomatic rings synthesized by us also underwent extensive decomposition under the influence of heat. Some of the 3(2H)-furanones synthesized by us exhibit remarkable anti-proliferative activity.