För Sverige i framtiden : Bio-objektifiering av ny medicinsk teknologi

Taking Sweden into the future – Bio-objectification of new medical technology In this article, we analyze how contemporary discursive silences around new biotechnologies such as cybrids and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), have been enabled by earlier policy processes in the area, e.g. boundary work around what is human and non-human, living and non-living, subject and object. The analysis of policy processes around xenotransplantations and the use of human embryonic stem cells, shows that the stem cells’ and xenografts’ “bio-identities” become stabilized through high expectations for the future, a lack of therapeutic possibilities and struggles over definitions of life. The policy processes around human embryonic stem cells and organs from other animals, are characterized by a normalization of certain understandings of ”life”, trust in scientific progress and it’s national financial potentials and a categorization of criticism as irrational. Through these “bio-objectification processes”, debate and decision making has been moved from a political and public context into ethical committees and research funding bodies. The article concludes by discussing consequences of this political non-handling of biomedical technologies and how these bioobjects could be re-politicized.

A multicentre randomized controlled trial of an empowerment-inspired intervention for adolescents starting continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion : a study protocol

Background. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment among children with type 1 diabetes is increasing in Sweden. However, studies evaluating glycaemic control in children using CSII show inconsistent results. Omitting bolus insulin doses using CSII may cause reduced glycaemic control among adolescents. The distribution of responsibility for diabetes self-management between children and parents is often unclear and needs clarification. There is much published support for continued parental involvement and shared diabetes management during adolescence. Guided Self-Determination (GSD) is an empowerment-based, person-centred, reflection and problem solving method intended to guide the patient to become self-sufficient and develop life skills for managing difficulties in diabetes self-management. This method has been adapted for adolescents and parents as Guided Self-Determination-Young (GSD-Y). This study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention with GSD-Y in groups of adolescents starting on insulin pumps and their parents on diabetes-related family conflicts, perceived health and quality of life (QoL), and metabolic control. Here, we describe the protocol and plans for study enrolment. Methods. This study is designed as a randomized, controlled, prospective, multicentre study. Eighty patients between 12-18 years of age who are planning to start CSII will be included. All adolescents and their parents will receive standard insulin pump training. The education intervention will be conducted when CSII is to be started and at four appointments in the first 4 months after starting CSII. The primary outcome is haemoglobin A1c levels. Secondary outcomes are perceived health and QoL, frequency of blood glucose self-monitoring and bolus doses, and usage of carbohydrate counting. The following instruments will be used to evaluate perceived health and QoL: Disabkids, 'Check your health', the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale and the Swedish Diabetes Empowerment Scale. Outcomes will be evaluated within and between groups by comparing data at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months after starting treatment. Results and discussion. In this study, we will assess the effect of starting an insulin pump together with the model of Guided Self-Determination to determine whether this approach leads to retention of improved glycaemic control, QoL, responsibility distribution and reduced diabetes-related conflicts in the family. Trial registration: Current controlled trials: ISRCTN22444034

Marknadspotential för bio- och solvärmesystem

I denna rapport analyseras marknaden för kombinerade sol- och pelletsystem, medfokus på småhus. Syftet är att presentera antalet objekt inom olika kategorier av husoch värmesystem som kan vara intressanta för konvertering till bio-sol system samtatt ge en uppskattning av årliga uppvärmningsbehov inom respektive kategori. Energistatistik från Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB) har använts i kombination medtidigare studier av byggnadsbestånd och byggnadsutformning. Dessutom harinformation inhämtats från olika branschorganisationer. Från föreliggande genomgång står det klart att den största potentialen för bio-solsystem finns på villamarknaden både för helt nya system och för kompletteringar tillbefintliga system. År 2006 fanns det 775 000 småhus med vattenburen värme varav ca183 000 hade vattenburen el. Uppskattningsvis fanns 109 000 småhus med bådevattenburen el och lokaleldstad för biobränsle och ca 118 000 hus bedöms ha haftmöjlighet till oljeeldning (denna grupp har troligtvis minskat ytterligare efter 2006).Bland de elvärmda husen finns också ca 102 000 småhus med frånluftvärmepumpareller luft/vattenvärmepumpar. 365 000 av husen hade en biobränslepanna. Därtillkommer 504 000 hus med direktelvärme, varav ca 292 000 med lokaleldstad. Medelförbrukningen för uppvärmning och varmvatten för hus som enbart värms medolja är ca 27 MWh/år, medan motsvarande värde för småhus med vattenburen el är ca15 MWh/år. Småhusen med direktel använder ca 12 MWh/år för uppvärmning ochvarmvatten. Det betyder att ekonomin blir betydligt sämre vid konvertering avelvärmda hus jämfört med oljekonvertering, eftersom energibehovet är lägre samt attinstallationskostnaden kan vara högre. En uppskattning av antalet komponenter som inom 10 år kan komma att installeras idessa hus är 213 000 solfångare, 108 000 ackumulatortankar, 106 000 skorstenar,84 000 luftburna pelletkaminer och varmvattenberedare, 40 000 vattenmantladekaminer och 28 000 pannrumspannor. Dessutom tillkommer en utbytesmarknad,kanske speciellt bland husen med biobränslepanna, där gamla pannor byts ut elleräldre människor som tidigare orkat elda med ved till slut byter till pelleteldning. Av nybyggda villor uppvärms ca 30 % med el i kombination med biobränsle(troligtvis lokaleldstad) och ungefär lika stor andel värms med enbart vattenburen el(antagligen ofta kompletterat med frånluftvärmepump). Det borde vara av intresse attredan vid nybyggnationen få in integrerade solfångare och pelleteldning i störreutsträckning i nya hus och det kan bli lättare efter att byggreglerna ändras den 1:ajanuari 2010 med en skärpning av kraven för nybyggda hus som använder el föruppvärmning, alltså även el till värmepumpar. Potentialen för bio-solsystem till flerbostadshus och lokaler är begränsad då 86 % avflerbostadshusen och nära 70 % av lokalerna värms med fjärrvärme. Det fanns år2006 ca 6200 lokaler med oljeeldning, 4600 lokaler med vattenburen elvärme och5700 lokaler med direktverkande elvärme. I lokalerna som redovisas av SCB ingårinte tillverkande industri. För lägenheter i flerbostadshus gäller att ca 42 000lägenheter värms med enbart olja, 44 000 lägenheter med olja och värmepump,48 000 lägenheter använder direktel och 31 000 lägenheter vattenburen el.

A "Wall" By Any Other Name Remains Equally Inspired?

Is social networking for libraries? can social media lose its hebetude?

Infrastructure privatization in a neoclassical economy : macroeconomic impact and welfare computation

In this paper a competitive general equilibrium model is used to investigate the welfare and long run allocation impacts of privatization. There are two types of capital in this model economy, one private and the other initially public ("infrastructure"), and a positive externality due to the latter is assumed. A benevolent government can improve upon decentralized allocation internalizing the externality, but it introduces distortions in the economy through the finance of its investments. It is shown that even making the best case for public action - maximization of individuals' welfare, no• operation inefficiency and free supply to society of infrastructure services - privatization is welfare improving for a large set of economies. Hence, arguments against privatization based solely on under-investment are incorrect, as this maybe the optimal action when the financing of public investment are considered. When operation inefficiency is introduced in the public sector, gains from privatization are much higher and positive for most reasonable combinations of parameters .

As dimensões bio-psico-sociais dos papéis sexuais

Esta dissertação é baseada numa pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter multidisciplinar, e apresenta os seguintes objetivos: 1) efetuar um estudo sobre as dimensões bio16gicas dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 2) apresentar as principais teorias sobre a origem dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 3) destacar os mais importantes estudos sócio-culturais que privilegiem a origem dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 4) localizar nas diversas manifestações culturais (literatura, arte, música e linguagem) dados que esclareçam a origem dos papéis e dos estereótipos sexuais na cultura brasileira; 5) abordar, objetiva e criticamente, o machismo, ou sexismo típico brasileiro; causas e consequências. Na medida em que nos propusemos a atingir os objetivos citados, constatamos que o nosso ponto de partida seria a sobrevivência dos estere6tipos. Em outras palavras, a importante questão da origem dos estere6tipos seria o nosso filão. Afinal de contas, se o estere6tipo e a realidade não apresentam correlação, como aquele sobrevive? Da mesma maneira, de onde se originam as diferenças sexuais observadas? Na tentativa de respondermos i pergunta, procuramos estudar as três dimensões, que consideramos fundamentais, a saber: 1) a dimensão biológica 2) a dimensão psicológica 3) a dimensão social.

Infrastructure privatization in a neoclassical economy: macroeconomic impact and welfare computation

In this paper a competi tive general equilibrium model is used to investigate the welfare and long run allocation impacts of privatization. There are two types of capital in this model economy, one private and the other initially public ("infrastructure"), and a positive extemality due to the latter is assumed. A benevolent governrnent can improve upon decentralized allocation intemalizing the extemality, but it introduces distortions in the economy through the finance of its investments. It is shown that even making the best case for public action - maximization of individuais' welfare, no operation inefficiency and free supply to society of infrastructure services - privatization is welfare improving for a large set of economies. Hence, arguments against privatization based solely on under-investment are incorrect, as this maybe the optimal action when the financing of public investment are considered. When operation inefficiency is introduced in the public sector, gains from privatization are much higher and positive for most reasonable combinations of parameters.