Spirometry reference equations for central European populations from school age to old age.

BACKGROUND: Spirometry reference values are important for the interpretation of spirometry results. Reference values should be updated regularly, derived from a population as similar to the population for which they are to be used and span across all ages. Such spirometry reference equations are currently lacking for central European populations. OBJECTIVE: To develop spirometry reference equations for central European populations between 8 and 90 years of age. MATERIALS: We used data collected between January 1993 and December 2010 from a central European population. The data was modelled using "Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape" (GAMLSS). RESULTS: The spirometry reference equations were derived from 118'891 individuals consisting of 60'624 (51%) females and 58'267 (49%) males. Altogether, there were 18'211 (15.3%) children under the age of 18 years. CONCLUSION: We developed spirometry reference equations for a central European population between 8 and 90 years of age that can be implemented in a wide range of clinical settings.

Wienissä 18/6 -28

Kirje 18.6.1928

Tasavallan Presidentin valtiovierailu Neuvostoliittoon 17.-24.5.1977 (Neuvostoliiton television välittämä Tasavallan Presidentin tervehdys 18.5.1977)

Puhe

Konsuli Bror Sievers 18/2 1967

Kirje 18.2.1967

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Professori Jaakko Uotila 18/12 1975

Kirje 18.12.1975

[Los Angeles] keskiviikkona, heinäkuun 27 päivänä 1932

Kirje 27.7.1932

Yhdysvaltain Presidentti Gerald R. Ford 18/11 1975

Kirje 18.11.1975