A cafeína como agente modulador do ciclo atividade-repouso e memória em saguis (Callithrix jacchus)

Caffeine is the most consumed psychostimulant, with effects on attention, memory, and arousal. But when this substance is ingested near to bedtime there is a decrease on sleep, interfering on mnemonic processes. So, our ain was to investigate how the caffeine ingested near to sleep onset acts on sleep and memory in marmosets. We used 16 adult marmosets, single housed, in a 12:12h light-dark cycle. For registering locomotor activity were used two kinds of sensors. The gyroscope sensor registers activity each 30 sec and detects motion with good accuracy. Because of this we used this sensor for detecting nocturnal activity. The second sensor was based on infrared and accumulates activity each 5 min and it’s not able to detect nocturnal activity, just diurnal activity. We also used camera for registering Rest phase of one marmoset. For the cognitive task, the animals needed to learn a rewarded context (CR) when compared to a non-rewarded context CNR). This experiment comprises 5 phases: 1) Two days of habituation to apparatus; 2)Training for 8 days; 3) oral administration of caffeine (10 mg/kg) or placebo administration ±1h before sleep onset, for 8 days, with marmosets receiving placebo or caffeine; 4) retraining to apparatus and after that, placebo administration (placebo group-GP), or caffeine administration (with continuous group-GC and acute groupGA); 5) Test, for evaluating learning to CR. The sessions were filmed and each one had 8 min of duration. At 7 am started the habituation, training and test sessions, and at 3:15 pm started retraining. The results for gyroscope sensor showed that there was coincidence of 68,57% with nocturnal register of the cameras. Then, the gyroscope sensors detected nocturnal activity for all experimental groups Moreover, when compared sensor gyroscope with sensor based on infrared, was observed that both sensor presented similarity on patterns of activity curve. When we observed the effects of caffeine on Activity-Rest Cycle in GP, GA and GC, is possible to see that that gyroscope sensors and based on infrared presented only intra group differences. As behavioral results, the marmosets learned to discriminate CR when compared to CNR. Moreover, GP presented deficits on memory recall during the test, and GA increased the memory recall, when both were compared to GP. We concluded that the marmosets were able to learning the cognitive task and that the caffeine ingested near to sleep onset acts modulating memory in these animals. Moreover the gyroscope sensor can be used as alternative tool for investigating nocturnal activity. Then, the utilization of this non-invasive device allows marmosets exhibit their behavior within the laboratory conditions as natural as possible.

Atividade toxicológica do extrato das folhas de Kalanchoe brasiliensis em camundongos Swiss

The species of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) are widely used in Brazil as a medicinal product to treat cough, boils, gastritis and other diseases. In this scenario stands out K. brasiliensis, popularly known as coirama or saião. This paper aims at the oral exposure of mice to a hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Kalanchoe brasiliensis. The animals (total of 100) were divided into 12 groups (6 males and 6 females) for the acute assessment; and groups of 10 for subchronic evaluation. Test groups were treated with doses of 250 mg / kg, 500 mg / kg, 1000 mg / kg and 2000 mg / kg and the control group received 0.9% saline. The animals were observed for 14 days for acute evaluation and 30 days for subchronic evaluation, and in that period analyzed the appearance of clinical signs, changes in weight and consumption of water and food. After the observation period, histopathological analysis of the organs, biochemical serum and haematological parameters for the assessment of the subchronic groups were processed. Differences and changes in body weight were not observed among the groups, nor consumption of water and food, there were no deaths among the groups in the two types of assays. Histopathological analysis showed some alterations compatible with low acute hepatic toxicity. The results of blood glucose, triglycerides, ALT, urea and creatinine showed differences between the control group and the test concentrations studied (p <0.05), but these differences do not show relevant change in the clinical picture of animals. The results showed that the extract K. brasiliensis has low acute toxicity at the doses used and no toxicity when administered for 30 days. This highlights the importance of this species as future and promising candidate for phytotherapics, so has its pharmacological trials completed.

Estudo sobre a relação entre a atividade geomagnética e cintilações de sinais de GPS em Natal-RN (Brasil)

To identify the relationship between GPS scintillation in Natal-RN (Brazil) and geomagnetic disturbances of any intensities and variations, this work made analysis of the ionospheric behavior and magnetic indexes (Dst , AE and Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field) concerning to different periods of the solar cycle between 2000 and 2014. Part of the data of this research originated at the UFRN observatory, from a GEC Plessey board connected to an ANP -C 114 antenna, modified by Cornell University’s Space group Plasma Physics in order to operate the ScintMon, a GPS monitoring program. This study, therefore, found several cases of inhibited scintillations after the main phase of magnetic storms, a fact that, along with others, corroborated with categorization of Aarons (1991) and models of disturbed dynamo (according to Bonelli, 2008) and over-shielding penetration, defended by Kelley et al. (1979) and Abdu (2011) [4]. In addition to these findings, different morphologies were noted in such disruptions in the GPS signal in accordance with previous magnetic activities. It also found a moderate relationship (R2 = 0.52) between the Dst rate (concerning to specific time) and the average of S4 through a polynomial function. This finding therefore, corroborating Ilma et al. (2012) [17], is an important evidence that the scintillation GPS are not directly controlled by magnetic induction of storms. Completing this work, this relation did show itself as a way of partial predicting of scintillations.

Mecanismos de sincronia social no ritmo circadiano de atividade durante a coabitação em casais de saguis (Callithrix jacchus)

In marmosets, it was observed that the synchrony among circadian activity profiles of animals that cohabite in family groups is stronger than those of the same sex and age of different families. Inside the group, it is stronger between the younger ones than between them and their parents. However, the mechanisms involved in the social synchrony are unknown. With the aim to investigate the synchronization mechanisms involved in the synchrony between the circadian activity profiles during cohabitation in pairs of marmosets, the motor activity was continuously registered by the use of actmeters on three dyads. The pairs were maintained in two different conditions of illumination: light-dark cycle LD 12:12 (LD cohabitation I – 21 days), and thereafter in LL (~350 lux). Under LL, the pairs were submitted to four experimental situations: 1. Cohabitation (LLJ I – 24 days), 2. Removal of one member of the pair to another room with similar conditions (LLS I – 20 days), 3. Reintroduction of the separated member in the cage of the first situation (LLJ II – 30 days) and 4. Removal of a member from each pair to another experimental room (LLS II – 7 days), to evaluate the mechanisms of synchronization. Ultimately, the members of each pair were reintroduced in the cage and were kept in LD cycle 12:12 (LDJ II – 11 days). The rhythms of pairs free-ran in LL, with identical periods between the members of each pair during the two stages of cohabitation. In the stages in which the animals were separated, only the rhythms of two females free-ran in the first stage and of three animals in the second one. In those conditions, the rhythms of animals of each pair showed different endogenous periods. Besides, during cohabitation in LD and LL, the members of each pair showed a stable phase relationship in the beginning of the active phase, while in the stages in which the animals were separated it was noticed a breaking in the stability in the phase relationships between the circadian activity profiles, with an increase in the difference in the phase angles between them. During cohabitation, at the transition between LD and LL, all animals showed free-running rhythms anticipating progressively the beginning and the end of the active phase in a phase similar to the previous condition, showing signs of entrainment to the previous LD. While in the posterior stages this was observed in only three animals between: LLT I and LLS I, and LLT II and LLS II, evidencing signs of entrainment to social cues between the members of each pair. On the other hand, one animal delayed progressively between LLT I and LLS I, three animals delayed between LLS I and LLT II, and three animals between LLT II and LLS II, perhaps by entrainment to the animals maintained outdoors in the colony. Similar process was observed in four animals between LLS II and LDT II, indicating entrainment to LD. In the transition between LLS I and LLT II, signs of masking was observed in the rhythm of a female in response to the male and in another pair in the rhythm of the male in regard to that of the female. The general and maximum correlations in the circadian activity profiles were stronger during cohabitation in LD and LL than in the absence of social contact in LL, evidencing the social effect. The cohabiting pairs had higher values of the maximum correlation in LD and LL than when the profiles were correlated to animals of different cages, with same or different sexes. Similar results were observed in the general correlation. Therefore, it is suggested that cohabitation induces a strong synchrony between circadian activity profiles in marmosets, which involves entrainment and masking. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of social cues on the synchronization of the circadian rhythm in pairs of marmosets in the absence of external social cues in order to confirm this hypothesis.

Atividade eletroencefalográfica de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral na aprendizagem motora de um jogo baseado em realidade virtual

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability among adults and motor relearning is essential in motor sequelae recovery. Therefore, various techniques have been proposed to achieve this end, among them Virtual Reality. The aim of the study was to evaluate electroencephalographic activity of stroke patients in motor learning of a virtual reality-based game. The study included 10 patients with chronic stroke, right-hande; 5 with left brain injury (LP), mean age 48.8 years (± 4.76) and 5 with injury to the right (RP), mean age 52 years (± 10.93). Participants were evaluated for electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and performance while performing 15 repetitions of darts game in XBOX Kinect and also through the NIHSS, MMSE, Fugl-Meyer and the modified Ashworth scale. Patients underwent a trainning with 45 repetitions of virtual darts game, 12 sessions in four weeks. After training, patients underwent reassessment of EEG activity and performance in virtual game of darts (retention). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures. According to the results, there were differences between the groups (PD and PE) in frequencies Low Alpha (p = 0.0001), High Alpha (p = 0.0001) and Beta (p = 0.0001). There was an increase in alpha activation powers and a decrease in beta in the phase retention of RP group. In LP group was observed increased alpha activation potency, but without decrease in beta activation. Considering the asymmetry score, RP group increased brain activation in the left hemisphere with the practice in the frontal areas, however, LP group had increased activation of the right hemisphere in fronto-central areas, temporal and parietal. As for performance, it was observed a decrease in absolute error in the game for RP group between assessment and retention (p = 0.015), but this difference was not observed for LP group (p = 0.135). It follows then that the right brain injury patients benefited more from darts game training in the virtual environment with respect to the motor learning process, reducing neural effort in ipsilesionais areas and errors with the practice of the task. In contrast, patients with lesions in left hemisphere decrease neural effort in contralesionais areas important for motor learning and showed no performance improvements with practice of 12 sessions of virtual dart game. Thus, the RV can be used in rehabilitation of stroke patients upper limb, but the laterality of the injury should be considered in programming the motor learning protocol.

Avaliação do efeito do liraglutida nos tecidos muscular e adiposo e nos parâmetros bioquímicos em camundongos Swiss submetidos à dieta de cafeteria e a atividade física

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by adipose tissue formation excess leading to an increase in body fat mass, of multifactorial origin, produced mainly by poor eating habits combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Data consider obesity as a serious disease that affects the world's population, ranking fifth in death rates. Faced with this situation, individuals seek, increasingly, means to lose weight with less physical effort and food. In 2009 and 2010 the drug liraglutide was lauched in order to reduce weight in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, thus avoiding the emergence of other diseases. The aggravating factor is that obese nondiabetic individuals are making use of this substance, even if its use is not authorized by ANVISA (Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency). Thus the objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide for muscle or fat tissues and biochemical parameters in Swiss mice submitted to cafeteria diet and physical activity. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use - CEUA (nº003 Protocol / 2014). For this study 74 animals (Swiss mice) were used, divided as follows: in the initial phase of this study, we carried out a pilot study (n = 10) divided into a control group (PCON) (n = 5) and cafeteria group (PCAF) (n = 5), in order to evaluate a cafeteria diet which was both attractive to the animals and that could provide an increase in adipose tissue. After the induction of the diet, animals were euthanized and as a result, the animals in the PCAF group showed an intra-abdominal adiposity 0.74 ± 0.05 g, taken as the parameter for increasing fat in animals. Subsequently the study base was conducted for this research where animals were used (n = 64) divided into 2 groups: the Cafeteria Study Base Group (EBCAF) divided as follows: cafeteria + exercise + liraglutide (CEL) (n = 8), cafeteria + exercise + saline (CES) (n = 8), cafeteria + liraglutide (CL) (n = 8) and cafeteria + saline (CS) (n = 8). The Chow Study Base group (EBR) was divided into: exercise + liraglutide (EL) (n = 8), exercise + saline + (ES) (n = 8), liraglutide (L) (n = 8) and saline solution (SS) (n = 8). All animals went through the submission process to the cafeteria diet, followed by exercise protocol through swimming and treatment with the test substance intraperitoneally (200 mg / mL / kg). After the treatments, the animals were euthanized and had the following parameters evaluated: the muscle tissue mass, adipose tissue mass and biochemical parameters. It was observed that the processing done with the exercise-associated liraglutide reduced adipose tissue mass significantly (0.32 ± 0.05 g) compared to the saline group (0.53 ± 0.07 g). There were no changes in the muscle tissue of the group which was treated and exercised (1.39 ± 0.03 g) compared to the saline group (1.33 ± 0.03 g). Regarding biochemical parameters it was evident that there were changes in these parameters. Interesting to note that, although blood glucose values have been changed, the animals did not become diabetic. Thus, it appears that physical activity together with liraglutide is eficcient to the loss of intraabdominal adipose tissue and the maintenance of lean body mass thereby generating a satisfactory result in the pursuit of quality of life and disease prevention.

Avaliação do efeito do liraglutida nos tecidos muscular e adiposo e nos parâmetros bioquímicos em camundongos Swiss submetidos à dieta de cafeteria e a atividade física

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by adipose tissue formation excess leading to an increase in body fat mass, of multifactorial origin, produced mainly by poor eating habits combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Data consider obesity as a serious disease that affects the world's population, ranking fifth in death rates. Faced with this situation, individuals seek, increasingly, means to lose weight with less physical effort and food. In 2009 and 2010 the drug liraglutide was lauched in order to reduce weight in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, thus avoiding the emergence of other diseases. The aggravating factor is that obese nondiabetic individuals are making use of this substance, even if its use is not authorized by ANVISA (Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency). Thus the objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide for muscle or fat tissues and biochemical parameters in Swiss mice submitted to cafeteria diet and physical activity. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use - CEUA (nº003 Protocol / 2014). For this study 74 animals (Swiss mice) were used, divided as follows: in the initial phase of this study, we carried out a pilot study (n = 10) divided into a control group (PCON) (n = 5) and cafeteria group (PCAF) (n = 5), in order to evaluate a cafeteria diet which was both attractive to the animals and that could provide an increase in adipose tissue. After the induction of the diet, animals were euthanized and as a result, the animals in the PCAF group showed an intra-abdominal adiposity 0.74 ± 0.05 g, taken as the parameter for increasing fat in animals. Subsequently the study base was conducted for this research where animals were used (n = 64) divided into 2 groups: the Cafeteria Study Base Group (EBCAF) divided as follows: cafeteria + exercise + liraglutide (CEL) (n = 8), cafeteria + exercise + saline (CES) (n = 8), cafeteria + liraglutide (CL) (n = 8) and cafeteria + saline (CS) (n = 8). The Chow Study Base group (EBR) was divided into: exercise + liraglutide (EL) (n = 8), exercise + saline + (ES) (n = 8), liraglutide (L) (n = 8) and saline solution (SS) (n = 8). All animals went through the submission process to the cafeteria diet, followed by exercise protocol through swimming and treatment with the test substance intraperitoneally (200 mg / mL / kg). After the treatments, the animals were euthanized and had the following parameters evaluated: the muscle tissue mass, adipose tissue mass and biochemical parameters. It was observed that the processing done with the exercise-associated liraglutide reduced adipose tissue mass significantly (0.32 ± 0.05 g) compared to the saline group (0.53 ± 0.07 g). There were no changes in the muscle tissue of the group which was treated and exercised (1.39 ± 0.03 g) compared to the saline group (1.33 ± 0.03 g). Regarding biochemical parameters it was evident that there were changes in these parameters. Interesting to note that, although blood glucose values have been changed, the animals did not become diabetic. Thus, it appears that physical activity together with liraglutide is eficcient to the loss of intraabdominal adipose tissue and the maintenance of lean body mass thereby generating a satisfactory result in the pursuit of quality of life and disease prevention.

Estratégia de capacitação pedagógica do residente: uma perspectiva para melhoria do ensino na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Studies have shown that resident informally plays the role of teacher. It is estimated that up to 25% of the residents of the time is devoted to teaching, mainly contributing as a facilitator, however, almost the entire medical residency programs in Brazil did not offer teacher training during residency education. This paper aims to introduce educational content initiation to teaching as part of the training of resident physician inserted in residency program of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL). It is an exploratory, descriptive and prospective study in HUOL the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Three steps were developed: preparation and planning of a pedagogic course, associated with a motivating technical content (basic and advanced life support); second stage, testing of pedagogical model for medical students; and finally, replication to residents. The interventions were made two practice stations life support with performance evaluation in practical activity through OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination). The techniques presented teachings were one-minute preceptor and feedback. Data collection was conducted through a structured evaluation form during the life support stations and at the end of the course, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the feedback and one minute preceptor were considered important for teaching and learning for more than 85% of participants. The feedback from evaluators practices stations added information about the performance and were held appreciatively way, according to 100% of the participants. Positive aspects highlighted by the participants were related to educational content, especially the participants of the first intervention. The time of the lectures of motivating technical content was the most repeated negative. Based on the good acceptance of pedagogical contents, this pioneer teacher training strategy was included in the formal residency program in Cardiology of our institution. It is considered therefore that the educational training model with motivating technical content was feasible and had a good evaluation and acceptance by most participants in both interventions. Thus, we believe that the educational content can be inserted in the formal curriculum of medical residency of other programs at HUOL through the training model developed in this study.

Estratégia de capacitação pedagógica do residente: uma perspectiva para melhoria do ensino na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Studies have shown that resident informally plays the role of teacher. It is estimated that up to 25% of the residents of the time is devoted to teaching, mainly contributing as a facilitator, however, almost the entire medical residency programs in Brazil did not offer teacher training during residency education. This paper aims to introduce educational content initiation to teaching as part of the training of resident physician inserted in residency program of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL). It is an exploratory, descriptive and prospective study in HUOL the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Three steps were developed: preparation and planning of a pedagogic course, associated with a motivating technical content (basic and advanced life support); second stage, testing of pedagogical model for medical students; and finally, replication to residents. The interventions were made two practice stations life support with performance evaluation in practical activity through OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination). The techniques presented teachings were one-minute preceptor and feedback. Data collection was conducted through a structured evaluation form during the life support stations and at the end of the course, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the feedback and one minute preceptor were considered important for teaching and learning for more than 85% of participants. The feedback from evaluators practices stations added information about the performance and were held appreciatively way, according to 100% of the participants. Positive aspects highlighted by the participants were related to educational content, especially the participants of the first intervention. The time of the lectures of motivating technical content was the most repeated negative. Based on the good acceptance of pedagogical contents, this pioneer teacher training strategy was included in the formal residency program in Cardiology of our institution. It is considered therefore that the educational training model with motivating technical content was feasible and had a good evaluation and acceptance by most participants in both interventions. Thus, we believe that the educational content can be inserted in the formal curriculum of medical residency of other programs at HUOL through the training model developed in this study.

Desenvolvimento e validação do sistema de observação do clima de aula, em aulas de grupo de fitness: aplicação piloto em idosos

Dissertação com vista na obtenção no grau de mestre em Atividade Física em Populações Especiais

Un espacio de construcción pedagógica y científica: el archivo fotográfico Lafuente Ferrari II

La intención del grupo educativo interdisciplinar que forma este PIMCD tiene como objetivo la creación de un espacio de formación docente para los alumnos de Grado en Historia, Historia del Arte, Biblioteconomía y Documentación y Bellas Artes a través de la catalogación, digitalización y estudio del archivo pedagógico de fotografía del profesor Enrique Lafuente Ferrari, Catedrático de Historia del Arte de la Facultad de Bellas Artes a mediados del siglo pasado, a través sus fondos legados y conservados en la Biblioteca Histórica de nuestra universidad. El fondo fotográfico Enrique Lafuente Ferrari cuenta con 11545 diapositivas en placa de cristal que recorren toda la Historia del Arte, desde la Prehistoria al siglo XX, tanto español como internacional. La actuación que se pretende llevar a cabo, limpiar las diapositivas, reubicarlas en sobres y cajas especiales para este tipo de materiales fotográficos, su catalogación mediante una ficha elaborada por el equipo docente y los facultativos de la Biblioteca Histórica, la digitalización del mismo y su posterior inclusión en el catálogo CISNE de nuestra universidad, así como en la plataforma EUROPEANA, continuando así la labor llevada a cabo el año pasado dentro del PIMCD "Un espacio de construcción pedagógica y científica: el archivo fotográfico Lafuente Ferrari I" pertenecientes a la Historia del Arte Español, siendo la Historia del Arte Universal en el que centre este año nuestro PIMCD. El año pasado se realizaron estas labores de conservación, catalogación y digitalización de 5804 diapositivas sobre vidrio realizadas por diferentes fotógrafos y estudios fotográficos tanto extranjeros como españoles de los siglos XIX y XX. Este año se ha completado el proceso de las 5741 restantes.

Crescendo e refletindo com as crianças sobre a Prática Pedagógica: Aprendizagens da Creche ao Jardim-de-Infância

O presente relatório dá a conhecer o meu percurso pelos dois contextos de educação de infância (creche e jardim-de-infância), relativos à Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, inserida no Mestrado de Educação Pré-Escolar, no ano letivo 2014/2015. Divide-se em quatro partes, as quais evidenciam as aprendizagens desenvolvidas ao longo deste ano letivo. As duas primeiras partes expõem as vivências e experiências realizadas em contexto de creche. A primeira é constituída por uma dimensão reflexiva relativa às aprendizagens realizadas e às dificuldades sentidas. A segunda apresenta o ensaio investigativo, de índole qualitativa, que consistiu em identificar e conhecer as interações que as crianças estabeleciam com os seus objetos de transição, num período antecedente ao momento do repouso. Os dados recolhidos permitiram-me concluir que ocorriam interações apenas não-verbais e que estas se subdividiam em três tipos: interações através do tato, interações através do paladar e interações através do olhar. Verificou-se que as que ocorriam com maior incidência, por parte dos dois participantes do ensaio investigativo, eram as interações através do tato. As duas últimas partes deste relatório apresentam as vivências experienciadas em contexto de jardim-de-infância. A primeira é constituída por uma dimensão reflexiva relativa às aprendizagens realizadas e às dificuldades sentidas. E a segunda diz respeito ao projeto realizado, com o grupo de crianças e com a colega de prática, e cujo tema tratado foram as abelhas. A realização deste projeto permitiu que as crianças ficassem a conhecer melhor estes insetos, nomeadamente em relação às suas vivências (como por exemplo onde é que transportam o pólen e como se fazem as colmeias) e ao modo como se reproduzem, se são ou não ovíparas

Refletindo sobre a prática pedagógica em Educação de Infância e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico: um olhar sobre as ideias dos alunos do 1.º ano acerca do que é ser escritor

O presente relatório é parte integrante do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e apresenta-se dividido em duas partes distintas, mas que se interligam. A primeira parte é referente à dimensão reflexiva e a segunda parte à dimensão investigativa. Na parte I encontram-se reflexões críticas e fundamentadas referentes ao percurso desenvolvido no âmbito de práticas pedagógicas em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico realizadas em instituições escolares distintas. Nesta dimensão, evidenciam-se as experiencias vividas em cada um dos contextos, refletindo desde o questionamento inicial às, minhas intervenções e o que nelas ocorreu, até aos progressos conquistados, com esta experiencia quer a nível pessoal quer profissional. Na parte II apresenta-se a investigação realizada em contexto do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico com crianças do 1.º ano de escolaridade referente a um estudo onde se procuram perceber as ideias dos alunos acerca do que é ser escritor. Esta investigação apresenta um carácter qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso. Os dados analisados foram recolhidos em formato de inquéritos por questionário realizados no início e no fim da investigação com o objetivo de compreender eventuais mudanças nas ideias dos alunos. Com a análise dos dados podemos sugerir que as ideias dos alunos, acerca do que é ser escritor, se centram maioritariamente numa pessoa do género masculino, a que atribuem características como, velho, alto e magro. Os alunos idealizam um escritor como alguém relacionado com a atividade de escrita, que escreve livros, histórias e também para comunicar.

Refletindo sobre a Prática Pedagógica em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico: dos estereótipos de género à promoção da igualdade

O presente relatório surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e encontra-se dividido em duas grandes partes. Na primeira parte, correspondendo à dimensão reflexiva, dão-se a conhecer os contextos e os intervenientes das Práticas Pedagógicas realizadas e são elaboradas reflexões críticas e fundamentadas relativas a estas práticas, tendo como referentes as expectativas e os receios, as dificuldades iniciais e as aprendizagens significativas da mestranda ao longo do seu percurso de aprendizagem. Na segunda parte, correspondendo à dimensão investigativa, apresenta-se um estudo de caso realizado em torno da temática da igualdade de género, no âmbito da Educação para a Cidadania e da Educação Sexual, com um grupo de quatro alunos integrados numa turma do 4.º ano de escolaridade do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Este estudo desenvolveu-se em torno da identificação e análise dos estereótipos de género exibidos pelos alunos, ao longo da implementação de uma intervenção pedagógica que visou promover a reflexão sobre os conteúdos dos estereótipos de traços e papéis de género. A monitorização dos estereótipos de género revelou que a desconstrução e relativização da maioria das ideias estereotipadas em função do género, manifestadas pelos alunos, foi promovida ao longo do tempo.

Refletindo sobre a prática pedagógica e analisando o contributo da aula de matemática no desenvolvimento da capacidade de cooperação entre pares

O presente relatório refere-se à prática de ensino supervisionado no âmbito do mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1º CEB. Está dividido em duas partes: a dimensão reflexiva, onde falo das experiências mais significativas vividas em cada contexto da prática pedagógica, bem como realizo uma reflexão sobre o perfil do professor reflexivo e investigativo. A segunda parte, refere-se à dimensão investigativa, estando subdividida em quatro capítulo. Ao longo da dimensão reflexiva abordo quatro tópicos que são transversais a todos os contextos onde realizei as práticas pedagógicas: a elaboração das planificações, a construção dos materiais, a gestão do grupo e a implementação das tarefas. A segunda parte deste relatório, corresponde à dimensão investigativa, e foi desenvolvida a partir da seguinte pergunta de partida: “Qual o contributo da matemática no desenvolvimento da capacidade de trabalhar cooperativamente?”. Definiram-se então os objetivos de investigação e fundamentou-se teoricamente o trabalho realizado e as opções metodológicas. Esta fundamentação assentou em quatro pilares chave: o papel da matemática no 1º CEB; a comunicação matemática e as interações; a aprendizagem cooperativa em contexto educativo e por último, a aprendizagem cooperativa em matemática. A metodologia utilizada foi de carater qualitativo, desenvolvendo-se um estudo descritivo e interpretativo. Este consistiu na proposta de um conjunto de tarefas matemáticas a serem desenvolvidas através do trabalho cooperativo, numa turma de alunos do 4º ano de escolaridade. Os principais resultados obtidos mostram que as aulas de matemática podem ser o motor impulsionador do desenvolvimento da capacidade para trabalhar cooperativamente, despertando o sentido de interdependência, de colaboração e interajuda entre os alunos.