Ansiedade em situações de convívio social em idosos

A ansiedade é uma experiência normal em qualquer idade, mas merece uma atenção especial no indivíduo idoso. O idoso tem vivido uma vida social mais intensa como freqüentar cursos, festas ou mesmo lidar com novas tecnologias.Sintomas de ansiedade social podem surgir ou se acentuar nestas situações, prejudicando a integração do indivíduo à sociedade e à família. .A depressão é uma grande preocupação para o idoso. A importância do diagnóstico da doença depressão para diferenciar sintomas depressivos de sentimento de tristeza ou síndrome depressiva .Trata-se de um estudo, do tipo caso-controle investigando ansiedade em situações de convívio social em 61indivíduos com 60 anos de idade ou mais e um grupo de 60 jovens até 35 anos.Responderam um questionário, escalas de ansiedade,fobia social ,esquiva e desconforto, medo de avaliação negativa e depressão.De acordo com os resultados obtidos a ansiedade pode estar relacionada a fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais que diagnosticados precocemente podem ser tratados por medicamentos , psicoterapia ou uso da estratégia adequada melhorar a adaptação do idoso.A realidade é que o perfil do idoso mudou e a qualidade de vida também,o que gerou necessidades diferentes,novos desafios. É um assunto que requer maiores estudos com o intuito de apontar estratégias que auxiliem na prevenção ou que aponte fatores que melhorem a adaptação do idoso.(AU)

Ansiedade em situações de convívio social em idosos

A ansiedade é uma experiência normal em qualquer idade, mas merece uma atenção especial no indivíduo idoso. O idoso tem vivido uma vida social mais intensa como freqüentar cursos, festas ou mesmo lidar com novas tecnologias.Sintomas de ansiedade social podem surgir ou se acentuar nestas situações, prejudicando a integração do indivíduo à sociedade e à família. .A depressão é uma grande preocupação para o idoso. A importância do diagnóstico da doença depressão para diferenciar sintomas depressivos de sentimento de tristeza ou síndrome depressiva .Trata-se de um estudo, do tipo caso-controle investigando ansiedade em situações de convívio social em 61indivíduos com 60 anos de idade ou mais e um grupo de 60 jovens até 35 anos.Responderam um questionário, escalas de ansiedade,fobia social ,esquiva e desconforto, medo de avaliação negativa e depressão.De acordo com os resultados obtidos a ansiedade pode estar relacionada a fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais que diagnosticados precocemente podem ser tratados por medicamentos , psicoterapia ou uso da estratégia adequada melhorar a adaptação do idoso.A realidade é que o perfil do idoso mudou e a qualidade de vida também,o que gerou necessidades diferentes,novos desafios. É um assunto que requer maiores estudos com o intuito de apontar estratégias que auxiliem na prevenção ou que aponte fatores que melhorem a adaptação do idoso.(AU)

Hunger and Satiety Mechanisms and Their Potential Exploitation in the Regulation of Food Intake

Acknowledgments Tehmina Amin is the Project Manager and Julian Mercer is Project Coordinator for Full4Health. Both are funded by the Full4Health project (grant agreement no. 266408) under the EU Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013). Julian Mercer is funded by the Scottish Government, Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, Food, Land and People programme. He is also a partner in FP7 projects: NeuroFAST (grant agreement no. 245099) and SATIN (grant agreement no. 289800).

Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein ligand inhibitor blunts excessive weight gain in genetically obese Zucker rats and rats during nicotine withdrawal

Elevation of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain is associated with a reduction of food intake and body weight gain in normal and obese animals. A protein that binds CRF and the related peptide, urocortin, with high affinity, CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP), may play a role in energy homeostasis by inactivating members of this peptide family in ingestive and metabolic regulatory brain regions. Intracerebroventricular administration in rats of the high-affinity CRF-BP ligand inhibitor, rat/human CRF (6-33), which dissociates CRF or urocortin from CRF-BP and increases endogenous brain levels of “free” CRF or urocortin significantly blunted exaggerated weight gain in Zucker obese subjects and in animals withdrawn from chronic nicotine. Chronic administration of CRF suppressed weight gain nonselectively by 60% in both Zucker obese and lean control rats, whereas CRF-BP ligand inhibitor treatment significantly reduced weight gain in obese subjects, without altering weight gain in lean control subjects. Nicotine abstinent subjects, but not nicotine-naive controls, experienced a 35% appetite suppression and a 25% weight gain reduction following acute and chronic administration, respectively, of CRF-BP ligand inhibitor. In marked contrast to the effects of a CRF-receptor agonist, the CRF-BP ligand inhibitor did not stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion or elevate heart rate and blood pressure. These results provide support for the hypothesis that the CRF-BP may function within the brain to limit selected actions of CRF and/or urocortin. Furthermore, CRF-BP may represent a novel and functionally selective target for the symptomatic treatment of excessive weight gain associated with obesity of multiple etiology.

Adenylate kinase phosphotransfer communicates cellular energetic signals to ATP-sensitive potassium channels

Transduction of energetic signals into membrane electrical events governs vital cellular functions, ranging from hormone secretion and cytoprotection to appetite control and hair growth. Central to the regulation of such diverse cellular processes are the metabolism sensing ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. However, the mechanism that communicates metabolic signals and integrates cellular energetics with KATP channel-dependent membrane excitability remains elusive. Here, we identify that the response of KATP channels to metabolic challenge is regulated by adenylate kinase phosphotransfer. Adenylate kinase associates with the KATP channel complex, anchoring cellular phosphotransfer networks and facilitating delivery of mitochondrial signals to the membrane environment. Deletion of the adenylate kinase gene compromised nucleotide exchange at the channel site and impeded communication between mitochondria and KATP channels, rendering cellular metabolic sensing defective. Assigning a signal processing role to adenylate kinase identifies a phosphorelay mechanism essential for efficient coupling of cellular energetics with KATP channels and associated functions.

Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones inhibit leptin (ob) gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Lack of leptin (ob) protein causes obesity in mice. The leptin gene product is important for normal regulation of appetite and metabolic rate and is produced exclusively by adipocytes. Leptin mRNA was induced during the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells, which are useful for studying adipocyte differentiation and function under controlled conditions. We studied leptin regulation by antidiabetic thiazolidinedione compounds, which are ligands for the adipocyte-specific nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) that regulates the transcription of other adipocyte-specific genes. Remarkably, leptin gene expression was dramatically repressed within a few hours after thiazolidinedione treatment. The ED50 for inhibition of leptin expression by the thiazolidinedione BRL49653 was between 5 and 50 nM, similar to its Kd for binding to PPARgamma. The relatively weak, nonthiazolidinedione PPAR activator WY 14,643 also inhibited leptin expression, but was approximately 1000 times less potent than BRL49653. These results indicate that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones down-regulate leptin gene expression with potencies that correlate with their abilities to bind and activate PPARgamma.

Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity reduction after ob protein infusion.

The effects of recombinantly produced ob protein were compared to those of food restriction in normal lean and genetically obese mice. Ob protein infusion into ob/ob mice resulted in large decreases in body and fat-depot weight and food intake that persisted throughout the study. Smaller decreases in body and fat-depot weights were observed in vehicle-treated ob/ob mice that were fed the same amount of food as that consumed by ob protein-treated ob/ob mice (pair feeding). In lean mice, ob protein infusion significantly decreased body and fat-depot weights, while decreasing food intake to a much lesser extent than in ob/ob mice. Pair feeding of lean vehicle-treated mice to the intake of ob protein-treated mice did not reduce body fat-depot weights. The potent weight-, adipose-, and appetite-reducing effects exerted by the ob protein in ob protein-deficient mice (ob/ob) confirm hypotheses generated from early parabiotic studies that suggested the existence of a circulating satiety factor of adipose origin. Pair-feeding studies provide compelling evidence that the ob protein exerts adipose-reducing effects in excess of those induced by reductions in food intake.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saude em mulheres com reações adversas após tratamento com quimioterapia para câncer de mama

Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, quantitativo, realizado com mulheres em tratamento quimioterápico para neoplasias de mama, em Aracaju-Sergipe-Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) destas mulheres que apresentaram reações adversas pós quimioterapia. Foram utilizados instrumentos contendo dados sócio demográficos, clínicos e terapêuticos, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 e formulário de registro de toxicidades dos antineoplásicos. Na análise dos dados, foram utilizados análise descritiva, cálculos de percentual, teste de Shapiro-Wilk, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ou de Spearman, teste de ANOVA ou Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados mostraram dados de 206 mulheres, a partir da segunda sessão de quimioterapia, com média de idade de 53,1 anos, maioria procedente de Sergipe, com Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante, estadiamento III. A maioria realizou cirurgia oncológica, não realizaram radioterapia devido à grande fila de espera, o protocolo de quimioterapia mais comum foi TAC (docetaxel, doxorrubicina e ciclofosfamida). Quanto às reações adversas, a maioria não apresentou alterações hematológicas e metabólicas no momento da coleta das informações, nas alterações funcionais, a fadiga foi presente em 80,8% dos casos, de forma moderada. Nas alterações gastrintestinais, diarreia, constipação, mucosite, náusea, vômito e dor abdominal foram citadas pela maioria. Nas alterações dermatológicas, a alopecia, hiperpigmentação na pele, alterações nas unhas, prurido na pele, descamação e eritema multiforme foram citadas pelas entrevistadas. Nas alterações cardiovasculares, hipotensão e HAS sobressaíram-se. Nas alterações neurológicas, neuropatia periférica, perda da audição e zumbido foram comuns. Os resultados da avaliação da QVRS foram analisadas à luz do referencial teórico de Ferrel et al. (1995) com os seguintes resultados: média do escore 76,01; escalas funcionais apresentaram escore baixo, com aspectos físico, emocional, cognitivo, funcional e social bastante afetados após o tratamento, o desempenho de papéis e função emocional foram os mais prejudicados; na escala de sintomas, os domínios mais prejudicados foram: dificuldades financeiras, fadiga e insônia. Na análise de correlação, o escore geral da QVRS apresentou correlação estatisticamente significante com a quantidade de reações adversas na medula óssea. Em todos os casos estatisticamente significantes o domínio emocional apresentou correlações positivas e o domínio dor, correlações negativas. A idade apresentou correlação estatisticamente significante e negativa com os domínios físico e dificuldades financeiras e positiva com perda de apetite. Pelo procedimento de comparações múltiplas, as diferenças ocorreram entre os estados civis casado e separado e também casado e solteiro, entre as religiões católica e evangélica, entre os ensinos fundamental e médio e entre médio e superior; para a extensão da doença os domínios dor e insônia apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as categorias de extensão. Para renda mensal, os domínios fisico, desempenho de papel, emocional, constipação e dificuldades financeiras apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as categorias de renda. Nos domínios fisico, desempenho de papel e emocional as diferenças ocorreram entre as faixas de 1 a 3 e mais de 6 salários. Concluiu-se que as reações adversas causadas pelo tratamento antineoplásico com quimioterapia afetaram de algum modo as pacientes, causando déficits em vários domínios, prejudicando assim sua QVRS

The impact of marketing practices and its regulation policies on childhood obesity. Opinions of stakeholders in Spain

The aim of this study was to identify Spanish stakeholders’ views on the relationship between childhood obesity and the marketing and advertising of food and beverages aimed at children in Spain, as well as on the corresponding of regulations. We performed a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with Stakeholders/Key Informants (KI) from 13 organisations: experts (2), consumer advocates (1), public health advocates (2), food manufacturers (2), advertising advocates (1), government representatives (1), child/family/school advocates (2) and media (1). The variables studied were Prevalence of childhood obesity and its relationship to marketing/advertising and Regulation of marketing. In order to identify the most relevant arguments (pearls) in the discourses, a blind independent analysis by four members of the research team was performed. We found that the prevalence of childhood obesity was perceived to be higher than the European average. Self-regulation was identified as the main form of marketing control. Only food manufacturers and advertising agencies considered voluntary action and supervisory procedures to be effective. The other stakeholders advocated state control through legislation and non-state actions such as external assessment and sanctions. Despite the divergence of opinion between stakeholders, there was agreement on the need to improve supervision and to ensure compliance with current self-regulatory codes in Spain.

Student notes from medical lectures by Benjamin Rush, undated

The volumes contain student notes on a course of medical lectures given by Dr. Benjamin Rush (1746-1813) while he was Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Clinical Practice at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, likely in circa 1800-1813. The notes indicate Rush often referenced the works or teachings of contemporaries such as Scottish physicians William Cullen, John Brown, John Gregory, and Robert Whytt, and Dutch physician Herman Boerhaave. He frequently included anecdotes and case histories of his own patients, as well as those of other doctors, to illustrate his lecture topics. He also advised students to take notes on the lectures after they ended to allow them to focus on what they were hearing. Volume 1 includes notes on: physician conduct during visits to patients; human and animal physiology; voice and speech; the nervous system; the five senses; and faculties of the mind. Volume 2 includes notes on: food, the sources of appetite and thirst, and digestion; the lymphatic system; secretions; excretions; theories of nutrition; differences in the minds and bodies of women and men; reproduction; pathology; a table outlining the stages of disease production; “disease and the origin of moral and natural evil”; contagions; the role of food, drink, and clothing in producing disease; worms; hereditary diseases; predisposition to diseases; proximate causes of diseases; and pulmonary conditions. Volume 3 includes notes on: the pulse; therapeutics, such as emetics, sedatives, and digitalis, and treatment of various illnesses like pulmonary consumption, kidney disease, palsy, and rheumatism; diagnosis and prognosis of fever; treatment of intermitting fever; and epidemics including plague, smallpox, and yellow fever, with an emphasis on the yellow fever outbreaks in Philadelphia in 1793 and 1797.

How much did China’s WTO accession increase economic growth in resource-rich countries? CEPS Working Document No. 384, 3 October 2013

This Working Document provides an estimate of China’s impact on the growth rate of resource-rich countries since its WTO accession in December 2001. The authors’ empirical approach follows the logic of the differences-in-differences estimator. In addition to temporal variation arising from the WTO accession, which they argue was exogenous to other countries’ growth trajectories, the authors exploit spatial variation arising from differences in natural resource wealth. In this way they can compare changes in economic growth in the pre- and post-accession periods between countries that benefited from the surge in demand for industrial commodities brought about by China’s WTO accession and countries that were less able to do so. They find that that roughly one-tenth of the average annual post-accession growth in resource-rich countries was due to China’s increased appetite for commodities. The authors use this finding to inform the debate about what will happen to economic growth in resource-rich countries as China rebalances and its demand for commodities weakens.

The Role of Market Mechanisms in a Post-2020 Climate Change Agreement. CEPS Special Report No. 87/May 2014

This special report is intended to serve as a background briefing document for the European Climate Platform seminar on Carbon Markets in the 2015 Agreement: Role and Architecture, but also raises issues of more enduring relevance in the wider debate about market mechanisms and the next climate change agreement. The paper looks at the relationship between the carbon market and a new climate change agreement, to be finalised in Paris in 2015. It tries to answer two key questions: does the carbon market have a role to play in a post-2020 agreement, and what is the role of a post-2020 agreement in the creation and operation of a carbon market? Introduction. The world has changed in many ways since 1997 when the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, along some critical axes, both from an economic and emissions points of view. Moreover, and this cannot be quantified, the appetite for global governance, especially for an agreement with such far-reaching implications as a climate change agreement, has diminished considerably. This paper looks at the relationship between the carbon market and a new climate change agreement, to be finalised in Paris in 2015. It tries to answer two key questions: does the carbon market have a role to play in a post-2020 agreement, and what is the role of a post-2020 agreement in the creation and operation of a carbon market?

EU enlargement to the Balkans: will the leopard change its spots? EPC Commentary, 29 September 2014

As the leadership of the European Union hands over the baton to a new management this autumn, will the winds of change blow also through the cobwebs of the EU’s enlargement agenda? Jean-Claude Juncker – the incoming President of the European Commission – has already promised to put the gearbox of further EU widening in neutral for the next five years of his mandate, and has designated the Austrian Johannes Hahn as Commissioner for the re-baptised portfolio of now European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations, instructing him to focus on the Union’s political and economic ties with Southern and Eastern Europe, and in particular with the Balkans. Such an approach in the field of enlargement – once crowned the jewel of EU foreign policy – has all the appeal of a damp rag but does not necessarily depart from the festina lente strategy of the recent past. Inside the Union, political appetite and public support for expansion have been fizzling since Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007, and were then severely curbed in the context of the on-going crisis by growing fears of importing organised crime and migrants from the Balkans. Juncker’s logic of consolidation sounds depressingly similar to what it supposedly replaces and incidentally, it also fits neatly with the unambitious and inward-looking mantra favoured at present in discussions at all levels on the future of European integration, more generally. With the 28-member block determined to catch its breath in the immediate time period, and given that even the forerunner countries in the Balkans – that is, Montenegro and Serbia – will realistically need more than five years to complete their accession talks, what priorities should guide Commissioner Hahn, soon to be Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations – when they get down to business on 1 November?

A stable Libya would close the door to Daesh. CEPS Policy Brief No. 340, March 2016

Since the fall of the Gaddafi regime in 2011, everything has seemed to conspire against the transition process in Libya. The idea of a stabilisation force has met political resistance in most European countries, because there is little appetite for long-term interventions that carry a high risk of casualties. This author argues that, among other initiatives, ground forces are nevertheless a necessary component of stabilisation in this fragile country. He makes four recommendations to guide the engagement of external actors.

In defense of Harriet Shelley : and other essays /

In defense of Harriet Shelley.--Fenimore Cooper's literary offenses.--Traveling with a reformer.--Private history of the "Jumping frog" story.--Mental telegraphy.--Mental telegraphy again.--What Paul Bourget thinks of us.--A little note to M. Paul Bourget.--The invalid's story.--Stirring times in Austria.--The German Chicago.--Concerning the Jews.--About all kinds of ships.--From the "London times" of 1904.--A majestic literary fossil.--At the appetite cure.--Saint Joan of Arc.--In memoriam.--A biographical sketch.