Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Brazilian Meats Using High Shear Homogenization

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of captopril in pharmaceutical preparations using ammonium molybdate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nitrate role in basic cation leaching under no-till

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-vagem em função de fontes e doses de nitrogênio

Estudaram-se os efeitos da aplicação de cinco doses e três fontes de nitrogênio sobre a produção e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-vagem, cv. Macarrão Trepador - Hortivale, no período de setembro/2000 a fevereiro/2001, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial (3 x 5) + 1, correspondendo às fontes (nitrato de cálcio, sulfato de amônio e uréia) e doses (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100kg.ha-1) de nitrogênio, e um tratamento adicional sem adubação (testemunha), com quatro repetições. As fontes nitrato de cálcio e sulfato de amônio, na dose de 100kg.ha-1, e uréia, na dose de 55kg.ha-1 de N, proporcionaram as produções de sementes no feijão-vagem de 2.571, 3.219 e 2.221kg.ha-1, respectivamente. O nitrogênio, em todas as fontes, influenciou positivamente a germinação e o vigor (índice de velocidade de germinação e emergência em campo) da semente do feijão-vagem. As doses de 68,8 e 49kg.ha-1 de N, fontes nitrato de cálcio e uréia foram responsáveis pelos valores máximos para a porcentagem de germinação, 72 e 75%, respectivamente. Para a fonte sulfato de amônio ocorreu aumento linear da porcentagem de germinação, à medida que se elevaram as doses de nitrogênio, sendo que na dose de 100kg.ha-1 obteve-se um porcentual de 84%. O índice de velocidade de germinação apresentou valores mais elevados, 6,0; 7,7 e 6,9 nas doses de 49; 71 e 53kg.ha-1 de N, fontes nitrato de cálcio, uréia e sulfato de amônio, respectivamente. A emergência em campo aumentou linearmente com elevação das doses de N (fonte nitrato de cálcio), sendo a emergência máxima (70%) obtida na dose de 100 kg ha-1 de N em cada fonte. O sulfato de amônio deve ser recomendado como fonte de N, em programas de produção de sementes de feijão-vagem.

Effects of nitrate and phosphate availabilities on growth, photosynthesis and pigment and protein contents in colour strains of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacqu.) J.V. Lamour. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nitrate reductase activity in leaves and stems of tanner grass (Brachiaria radicans Napper)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nitrogen assimilation in Citrus based on CitEST data mining

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evolutionary chromosomal differentiation among four species of Conoderus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae, Conoderini) detected by standard staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation, and CMA(3)/DA/DAPI staining

The speciose Brazilian Elateridae fauna is characterized by high karyotypic diversity, including one species (Chalcolepidius zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829) with the lowest diploid number within any Coleoptera order. Cytogenetic analysis of Conoderus dimidiatus Germar, 1839, C. scalaris (Germar, 1824,) C. ternarius Germar, 1839, and C. stigmosus Germar, 1839 by standard and differential staining was performed with the aim of establishing mechanisms of karyotypic differentiation in these species. Conoderus dimidiatus, C. scalaris, and C. ternarius have diploid numbers of 2n(male) = 17 and 2n(female) = 18, and a X0/XX sex determination system, similar to that encountered in the majority of Conoderini species. The karyotype of C. stigmosus was characterized by a diploid number of 2n=16 and a neoXY/neoXX sex determination system that was highly differentiated from other species of the genus. Some features of the mitotic and meiotic chromosomes suggest an autosome/ancestral X chromosome fusion as the cause of the neoXY system origin in C. stigmosus. C-banding and silver impregnation techniques showed that the four Conoderus species possess similar chromosomal characteristics to those registered in most Polyphaga species, including pericentromeric C band and autosomal NORs. Triple staining techniques including CMA(3)/DA/DAPI also provided useful information for differentiating these Conoderus species. These techniques revealed unique GC-rich heterochromatin associated with NORs in C. scalaris and C. stigmosus and CMA(3)-heteromorphism in C. scalaris and C. ternarius.

Nitrogen management in maize cover crop rotations

Winter cover crops can affect N nutrition of the following maize crop. Although legumes have been recommend for maize rotations, in tropical areas grasses may be more interesting because they provide a longer protection of soil surface. Legumes can add N to the system and grasses can compete with maize for the available nutrient. An experiment was conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, to study N dynamics in the soil surface straw-maize system as affected by N fertilization management and species included in the no-till rotation. Treatments were fallow, black oat (Avena strigosa), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), white lupins (Lupinus albus), black oat fertilized with N. and pearl millet fertilized with N. Maize was grown afterwards in the same plots, receiving 0.0, 60.0 and 120.0 kg ha(-1) of N sidedressed 30 days after plant emergence. Soil, straw and maize samples were taken periodically. The highest corn yields were observed when it was cropped after pearl millet fertilized with N. Nitrogen side dressed application up to 120 kg ha(-1) was not able to avoid corn yield decrease caused by black oat. Grasses can be recommended in maize rotations in tropical areas, provided they receive nitrogen fertilizer and show no allelopathy. Due to its higher ON ratio and dry matter yield they are better than legumes, protecting the soil surface for a longer period. Pearl millet is particularly interesting because it enhances N use efficiency by the following maize crop. For a better N availability/demand synchronism, the cover crops should be desiccated right before maize planting.

Preparation, characterization and thermal behavior of double selenates of calcium, beryllium and ammonium.

The preparation and thermal decomposition ammonium selenate and calcium and beryllium selenates have been reported previously. However, there are not any information in the literature concerning the thermal decomposition of double selenates of calcium, of beryllium and ammonium. Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were used in the studies and characterisation of these compounds.

ISOLATION OF BABESIA-BIGEMINA AND BABESIA-BOVIS MEROZOITES BY AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE LYSIS OF INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES

1. We describe the isolation of viable merozoites from erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis or Babesia bigemina organisms by ammonium chloride lysis.2. Parasite morphology was examined by both light and transmission electron microscopy. Erythrocyte-free parasites maintain their viability and infectivity, retain their antigenicity and are suitable for use in the indirect fluorescent antibody assay.

Effects of plant regulators and potassium nitrate, on Rangpur lime seeds germination

The effects of plant regulators and potassium nitrate were studied on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) seeds germination. The seeds were removed from ripe fruits, washed, dried and stored at 4 - 5 degrees C, and treated for 24 hours before sowing and the treatments were: KNO3 0,1% and 0,2%; GA(3) 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 250 ppm; GA(4+7)+phenylmethylaminepurine 100 ppm; phenylmethylaminepurine 20 ppm and control. The germination was evaluated begining 13 days after sowing. Best results were obtained with KNO3 0,2%, which proved most beneficial in enhancing percentage and germination rate.

Influence of sugar cane burning on aerosol soluble ion composition in Southeastern Brazil

Seasonal variability in the major soluble ion composition of atmospheric particulate matter in the principal sugar cane growing region of central São Paulo State indicates that pre-harvest burning of sugar cane plants is an important influence on the regional scale aerosol chemistry. Samples of particulate matter were collected between April 1999 and February 2001 in coarse (> 3.5 mum) and fine (< 3.5 mum) fractions, and analysed for HCOO-, CH3COO-, C2C42-, SO42- . Results indicated that the principal sources of the aerosols investigated NO3-, Cl-, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were local or regional in nature (scale of tens to a few hundreds of km), and that differences between air masses of varying origins were small. Fine particles were typically acidic, containing secondary nitrates, sulphates and organic species. Coarse fraction concentrations were mainly influenced by physical parameters (wind speed, movement of vehicles and surface condition) affecting rates of re-suspension, although secondary nitrate and sulphate were also present in the larger particles.Concentrations of all measured species except sodium and chloride were higher during the burning season. Although concentrations were lower than often found in polluted urban environments, the massive increases during much of the year, due to a single anthropogenic activity (sugar cane burning) are indicative of a very large perturbation of the lower troposphere in the region relative to the natural condition. These aerosols are suspected of promoting respiratory disease. They also represent an important mechanism for the tropospheric transport of species relevant to surface acidification (sulphates, nitrates, ammonium and organic acids) and soil nutrient status (potassium, nitrogen, ammonium, calcium), so their impact on fragile natural ecosystems (following deposition) needs to be considered. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.