Le multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: une prédisposition génétique [Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: a genetic predisposition?]

BACKGROUND: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a benign acquired isolated chorioretinal disorder. Symptoms include photopsia, visual blur and scotomas. Ocular examination reveals multiple white dots at the level of the deep retina. A parainfectious disorder was suggested but the exact mechanism of MEWDS is still unknown. Postulating that MEWDS might be an antigen driven inflammatory reaction, we analyzed HLA subtypes in patients with MEWDS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients were diagnosed with MEWDS in Lausanne from 1985 to 1994. Blood was withdrawn in 9/16 patients. HLA-A, -B and -DR were sought. RESULTS: HLA-B51 was detected in 4/9 patients (44.4%). Other HLA subtypes were detected sporadically. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of HLA-B51 haplotype was found to be 3.7 times more elevated than in a normal control caucasian group. This suggests the possibility that MEWDS might be a genetically determined disorder as it is the case for other ocular diseases like Birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A29), Harada's disease (HLA-DRMT3), acute anterior uveitis (HLA-B27) or Behçet's disease (HLA-B51). We have no explanation for the presence of HLA-B51 in both Behçet's disease and MEWDS. The association of HLA-B51 and MEWDS needs confirmation by further testing.

Active intravenous drug use during chronic hepatitis C therapy does not reduce sustained virological response rates in adherent patients.

SUMMARY: Reluctance has been expressed about treating chronic hepatitis C in active intravenous (IV) drug users (IDUs), and this is found in both international guidelines and routine clinical practice. However, the medical literature provides no evidence for an unequivocal treatment deferral of this risk group. We retrospectively analyzed the direct effect of IV drug use on treatment outcome in 500 chronic hepatitis C patients enrolled in the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study. Patients were eligible for the study if they had their serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA tested 6 months after the end of treatment and at least one visit during the antiviral therapy, documenting the drug use status. Five hundred patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (199 were IDU and 301 controls). A minimum exposure to 80% of the scheduled cumulative dose of antivirals was reached in 66.0% of IDU and 60.5% of controls (P = NS). The overall sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 63.6%. Active IDU reached a SVR of 69.3%, statistically not significantly different from controls (59.8%). A multivariate analysis for treatment success showed no significant negative influence of active IV drug use. In conclusion, our study shows no relevant direct influence of IV drugs on the efficacy of anti-HCV therapy among adherent patients.

Provision of health care actions and services for the management of HIV/AIDS from the users’ perspective

Objective To analyse the provision of health care actions and services for people living with AIDS and receiving specialised care in Ribeirão Preto, SP. Method A descriptive, exploratory, survey-type study that consisted of interviews with structured questionnaires and data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results The provision of health care actions and services is perceived as fair. For the 301 subjects, routine care provided by the reference team, laboratory tests and the availability of antiretroviral drugs, vaccines and condoms obtained satisfactory evaluations. The provision of tests for the prevention and diagnosis of comorbidities was assessed as fair, whereas the provisions of specialised care by other professionals, psychosocial support groups and medicines for the prevention of antiretroviral side effects were assessed as unsatisfactory. Conclusion Shortcomings were observed in follow-up and care management along with a predominantly biological, doctor-centred focus in which clinical control and access to antiretroviral therapy comprise the essential focus of the care provided.


Um Exemplo de Computação Ubíqua em Serviços de Saúde Orientados ao Utente

O Sistema de Saúde está a enfrentar uma mudança necessária, cuja renovação estimula o desenvolvimento de capacidades para conseguir a agilidade, interoperabilidade e eficiência imprescindíveis para melhorar a qualidade e a produtividade, reduzindo os custos associados. O modelo de atendimento centrado no individuo é para onde o sistema de saúde actual converge, conduzindo assim para um processo de atendimento distribuído à saúde . Actualmente a humanidade enfrenta várias dificuldades inerentes a uma sociedade cada vez mais envelhecida, com uma maior predominância de doenças crónicas e dificuldades associadas como a mobilidade. Por exemplo uma das grandes epidemias que afectou e continua a afectar este planeta é a Diabete. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, em 2006, havia cerca de 171 milhões de pessoas doentes da diabetes, e esse índice aumenta rapidamente. É estimado que em 2030 esse número dobre. A Diabetes Mellitus ocorre em todo o mundo, mas é mais comum (especialmente a tipo II) nos países mais desenvolvidos. O maior aumento actualmente é esperado na Ásia e na África, onde a maioria dos diabéticos será encontrada em 2030. O aumento do índice de diabetes em países em desenvolvimento segue a tendência de urbanização e mudança de estilos de vida. Neste contexto, o avanço acelerado da tecnologia trouxe novos paradigmas para a área de computação e com eles vários benefícios para a sociedade. O paradigma da computação ubíqua traz inovações para aplicar a computação no dia-a-dia das pessoas sem que possa ser percebida. Para isso, utiliza-se da junção de diversas tecnologias já existentes como, por exemplo, a tecnologia móvel e sensores. Vários benefícios atingem a área médica, trazendo métodos novos e é nesta perspectiva que foi desenvolvido um protótipo de um sistema de monitorização de pacientes de uma forma discreta, com o objectivo de melhorar, rentabilizar e controlar os dados biométricos dos pacientes que sofrem de doenças como a diabetes e tem essa necessidade. O sistema é composto por duas aplicações, uma móvel e outra Web, em que a móvel integra tecnologias como sistema operativo Android que é uma ferramenta importante para desenvolvimento de sistemas dessa natureza. A aplicação Web é fundamental para os profissionais de saúde pois é nela que acompanharão os dados biométricos enviados pelos pacientes. Os pacientes utilizam as duas aplicações para enviar os dados biométricos para serem guardados na base de dados e serem visualizados pelos profissionais de saúde e pelo próprio paciente.

Kirjailija Atos Wirtanen 30/6 1967

Kirje 30.6.1967

Condition, disease and immune defence

Life-history traits and secondary sexual characters often demonstrate condition-dependence, and reproductive success thus ultimately appears to be determined by condition. Here we test the hypothesis that anti-parasite defence is condition-dependent and thus ultimately limits fitness. Animal hosts defend themselves against parasites by an efficient immune system that changes its activity level depending on level of infection. Since immune function is costly, as demonstrated by several field studies, we predicted that large immune defence organs should be maintained when the costs of an elevated immune response were reduced, or when the benefits were increased. Hence, the size of immune defence organs was predicted to increase in response to disease due to increased benefits of investment in immune function, and the; size was predicted to increase in response to high body condition because of reduced costs of investment in immune function. A comparative study of birds demonstrated that the size of the spleen was significantly increased among individuals suffering from parasitic infections and signs of disease as compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, we found evidence for a positive association between spleen size and body condition. These findings are consistent with the hypothesised cost of immune function and hence a cost of anti-parasite defence.

Tasavallan Presidentin radio- ja TV-haastattelu 5.8.1970

Haastattelu

L'hygiène des albuminuriques / par le Dr Maurice Springer,...

Collection : Bibliothèque d'hygiène thérapeutique

Tabela de vida de fertilidade de Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) em Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852) (Hemipera, Aphididae)

Life table analyses have been developed to understanding the impact of various sources of intrinsic and extrinsic mortalities on the rate of population growth. The understanding of the population increase of the parasitoids related to their hosts is important in biological control programs. This work had as objective to evaluate the survival and fertility of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) on Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852) as a host under fertility life table. The experiment were carried out in a climatic chamber at 25 ± 1ºC, RH 60 ± 10% and 10h photophase. To determine the immature mortality, the development time and the sex ratio of the parasitoid, 12 females of the parasitoid (less than one day old) and 240 nymphs of S. graminum (3 days old) were used. To evaluate the longevity and fertility of L. testaceipes, 15 females (less than one day old) were used. Nymphs of S. graminum (3 days old) were offered for each parasitoid female daily, until the female died, being in the 1st day - 300 nymphs; 2nd day - 250 nymphs; 3rd day - 200 nymphs; 4th day - 150 and in the other days a number of 50 nymphs. L. testaceipes had an immature mortality of 22,2%, and a development time of males and females of 9.0 and 9.1 days, respectively. The females of L. testaceipes laid, in it first life day, 257.8 eggs, and they survived up until seven days. The net reproduction rate (Ro) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r m) were respectively, 301.9 and 0.513. The finite rate of increase (l) was 1.67 females per day, the mean length of a generation (T) was 11.13 days and the time to duplicate the population (TD) was 1.35 weeks. The parasitoid L. testaceipes have a high potential of population growth on S. graminum as a host under the analyzed conditions.

Helsinki 26/6 1942

Kirje 26.6.1942