SEASONAL-CHANGES IN BODY-WEIGHT OF MACACA-THIBETANA AT MT-EMEI, CHINA

This 1991-1992 study was designed to expand previous research on body weight (BW) in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Emei. Data on BW were collected in late autumn (LA) and late winter (LW) in groups ranging above 1,200 m. Over the winter, the BW fell significantly from a mean of 16.8 to 11.4 kg in females and from 19.5 to 17.0 kg in males. The previously reported BW means of 12.8 kg for females and 18.3 kg for males, measured in late spring, are near the center of the annual BW range for this species. In addition, with the sharper decline of female BW (- 32% vs. - 13% seen in males), the sexual dimorphism ((M) over bar/(F) over bar) in BW increased from 1.16 in LA to 1.49 in LW. This finding may be related to differential parental investment by two sexes. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Unified modelling in support of organization design and change

The aim of this research is to provide a unified modelling-based method to help with the evaluation of organization design and change decisions. Relevant literature regarding model-driven organization design and change is described. This helps identify the requirements for a new modelling methodology. Such a methodology is developed and described. The three phases of the developed method include the following. First, the use of CIMOSA-based multi-perspective enterprise modelling to understand and capture the most enduring characteristics of process-oriented organizations and externalize various types of requirement knowledge about any target organization. Second, the use of causal loop diagrams to identify dynamic causal impacts and effects related to the issues and constraints on the organization under study. Third, the use of simulation modelling to quantify the effects of each issue in terms of organizational performance. The design and case study application of a unified modelling method based on CIMOSA (computer integrated manufacturing open systems architecture) enterprise modelling, causal loop diagrams, and simulation modelling, is explored to illustrate its potential to support systematic organization design and change. Further application of the proposed methodology in various company and industry sectors, especially in manufacturing sectors, would be helpful to illustrate complementary uses and relative benefits and drawbacks of the methodology in different types of organization. The proposed unified modelling-based method provides a systematic way of enabling key aspects of organization design and change. The case company, its relevant data, and developed models help to explore and validate the proposed method. The application of CIMOSA-based unified modelling method and integrated application of these three modelling techniques within a single solution space constitutes an advance on previous best practice. Also, the purpose and application domain of the proposed method offers an addition to knowledge. © IMechE 2009.

A framework for estimating difficulty and exclusion from tasks during inclusive design

Measuring capability variations within the population isanimportant process that can be used to support decision making regarding the inclusivity of design for all users, thus allowing the level of exclusion tobe defined veryearly and throughout the design process. Our hands often represent a central feature of the human-task interaction, and therefore, variations in the capabilities of the hands has the potential to exclude people from all or part of the tasks they perform. Data is presented from the performance of 15 people in one of three age groups (18-40, 41-64 and 65+). Using a classification system for defining hand actions the prevalence of different grips in response to a range of physical task demands was mapped in a way that allowed capability to be measured against other variables such as task quality. This was found toenhance thegranularity with which exclusion could be both measured and predicted.

葛仙米对丁草胺胁迫的响应

研究了丁草胺对可食用蓝藻葛仙米(Nostoc sphaeroides)生理和代谢活性的影响．用不同浓度的丁草胺处理葛仙米,结果显示低浓度(5 mg·L-1)丁草胺使其光合作用、呼吸作用和光合系统Ⅱ活性增强,高浓度丁草胺(>5 mg·L-1)限制其光合作用、呼吸作用和光合系统Ⅱ活性．同时丁草胺对葛仙米膜结构和功能具有破坏作用,随着丁草胺处理浓度增大,质膜透性不断增大,丙二醛和超氧自由基阴离子含量升高；在低浓度丁草胺处理时,类胡萝卜素含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增强,高浓度丁草胺处理时,类胡萝卜素含

Photomechanically Induced Phase Transitions in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

We report optically induced phase transtions occurring in two different host ferroelectric liquid crystals; SCE13 a multicomponentmixture optimised for room temperature performance, and CE8 a single component liquid crystal. These act as host liquid crystals for a novel guest azo dye, which can be made to photoisomerise using low power density U.V. illumination, resulting in dramatic changes in sample properties. We have shown that the magnitude of spontaneous polarisation of systems can be isothermally and reversibly induced or reduced, with the consequent appearance or disappearance of optical switching hysteresis. We discuss the parameters controlling the behaviour of the systems under U.V. illumination and suggest mechansims by which the transitions may occur. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.