Renal hemodynamic and natriuretic effects of concomitant Angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibition in men.

This double-blind placebo-controlled study was designed to investigate the acute and sustained hormonal, renal hemodynamic, and tubular effects of concomitant ACE and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibition by omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, in men. Thirty-two normotensive subjects were randomized to receive a placebo, omapatrilat (40 or 80 mg), or the fosinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (FOS/HCTZ; 20 and 12.5 mg, respectively) fixed combination for 1 week. Blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, urinary electrolytes and atrial natriuretic peptide excretion, and several components of the renin-angiotensin system were measured for 6 hours on days 1 and 7 of drug administration. When compared with the placebo and the FOS/HCTZ combination, omapatrilat induced a significant decrease in plasma angiotensin II levels (P<0.001 versus placebo; P<0.05 versus FOS/HCTZ) and an increase in urinary atrial natriuretic peptide excretion (P<0.01). These hormonal effects were associated with a significant fall in blood pressure (P<0.01) and a marked renal vasodilatation, but with no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate. The FOS/HCTZ markedly increased urinary sodium excretion (P<0.001). The acute natriuretic response to FOS/HCTZ was significantly greater than that observed with omapatrilat (P<0.01). Over 1 week, however, the cumulative sodium excretion induced by both doses of omapatrilat (P<0.01 versus placebo) was at least as great as that induced by the dose of FOS/HCTZ (P=NS versus FOS/HCTZ). In conclusion, the results of the present study in normal subjects demonstrate that omapatrilat has favorable renal hemodynamic effects. Omapatrilat combines potent ACE inhibition with a sustained natriuresis, which explains its well-documented potent antihypertensive efficacy.

Dispersion of natural arsenic in the Malcantone watershed, Southern Switzerland: field evidence for repeated sorption-desorption and oxidation-reduction processes

In recent years, elevated arsenic concentrations have been found in waters and soils of many, countries, often resulting in a health threat for the local population. Switzerland is not an exception and this paper deals with the release and subsequent fate of arsenic in a 200-km(2) mountainous watershed, characterized by crystalline silicate rocks (gneisses, schists, amphibolites) that contain abundant As-bearing sulfide ore deposits, some of which have been mined for iron and gold in the past. Using analytical methods common for mineralogical, ground water and soil studies (XRD, XRF, XAS-XANES and -EXAFS, electron microprobe, extraction, ICP, AAS with hydride generator, ion chromatography), seven different field situations and related dispersion processes of natural arsenic have been studied: (1) release by rock weathering, (2) transport and deposition by water and ice; (3) release of As to the ground and surface water due to increasing pH; (4) accumulation in humic soil horizons; (5) remobilization by reduction in water-saturated soils and stagnant ground waters; (6) remobilization by using P-rich fertilizers or dung and (7) oxidation, precipitation and dilution in surface waters. Comparison of the results with experimental adsorption studies and speciation diagrams from the literature allows us to reconstruct and identify the typical behavior of arsenic in a natural environment under temperate climatic conditions. The main parameters identified are: (a) once liberated from the primary minerals, sorption processes on Fe-oxy-hydroxides dominate over Al-phases, such as Al-hydroxides or clay minerals and limit the As concentrations in the spring and well waters between 20 and 300 mug/l. (b) Precipitation as secondary minerals is limited to the weathering domain, where the As concentrations are still high and not yet too diluted by rain and soils waters. (c) Although neutral and alkaline pH conditions clearly increase the mobility of As, the main factor to mobilize As is a low redox potential (Eh close or below 0 mV), which favors the dissolution of the Fe-oxy-hydroxides on which the As is sorbed. (d) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of As in water-logged humic forest soils indicates that the reduction to As III only occurs at the solid-water interface and that the solid contains As as As V (e) A and Bh horizons of humic cambisols can effectively capture As when As-rich waters flow through them. Complex spatial and temporal variation of the various parameters in a watershed results in repeated mobilization and immobilization of As, which continuously transports As from the upper to the lower part of a watershed and ultimately to the ocean. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of ethanol on energy expenditure.

The thermogenic response induced by ethanol ingestion in humans has not been extensively studied. This study was designed to determine the thermic effect of ethanol added to a normal diet in healthy nonalcoholic subjects, using indirect calorimetry measurements over a 24-h period in a respiration chamber. The thermic effect of ethanol was also measured when ethanol was ingested in the fasting state, using a ventilated hood system during a 5-h period. Six subjects ingested 95.6 +/- 1.8 (SE) g ethanol in 1 day partitioned over three meals; there was a 5.5 +/- 1.2% increase in 24-h energy expenditure compared with a control day in which all conditions were identical except that no ethanol was consumed. The calculated ethanol-induced thermogenesis (EIT) was 22.5 +/- 4.7% of the ethanol energy ingested. Ingestion of 31.9 +/- 0.6 g ethanol in the fasting state led to a 7.4 +/- 0.6% increase in energy expenditure over baseline values, and the calculated EIT was 17.1 +/- 2.2%. It is concluded that in healthy nonalcoholic adults ethanol elicits a thermogenic response equal to approximately 20% of the ethanol energy. Thus the concept of the apparently inefficient utilization of ethanol energy is supported by these results which show that only approximately 80% of the ethanol energy is used as metabolizable energy for biochemical processes in healthy nonalcoholic moderate ethanol consumers.

Representações e Relações de Género no Espaço Laboral Estudo de Caso na Empresa Correios De Cabo Verde

O presente trabalho aborda o tema Representações e Relações de Género no Espaço Laboral, que tem por objectivo identificar como é que a representação de género afecta as relações profissionais na empresa. Com este trabalho, pretendemos dar um contributo sobre a importância das representações e relações de género no espaço laboral, bem como entender esta questão nos Correios de Cabo Verde e ainda deixar algumas sugestões de melhorias no processo de representações e relações de género na empresa. A aplicação do tema nos CCV aparentou-nos pertinente, na medida em que nos possibilitou fazer uma caracterização e uma análise da situação concreta vivida nesta empresa. Nesta medida, foram desenvolvidas várias teorias que sustentam este trabalho, a fim de trabalhar a representação de género na empresa, com fundamentos teóricos como a teoria construtivista de Pierre Bourdieu, a construção do masculino e do feminino de Lígia Amâncio e as teorias das representações sociais. Posteriormente, procedeu-se á aplicação de questionários aos funcionários dos CCV em Santiago e finalmente foi realizada a análise dos resultados dos referidos inquéritos elaborados internamente junto do universo de colaboradores desta empresa.

Effects of adrenergic and cholinergic blockade on insulin-induced stimulation of calf blood flow in humans.

Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia stimulates both sympathetic nerve activity and blood flow to skeletal muscle, but the mechanism is unknown. Possible mechanisms that may stimulate muscle blood flow include neural, humoral, or metabolic effects of insulin. To determine whether such insulin-induced vasodilation is modulated by stimulation of adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms, we obtained, in eight healthy lean subjects, plethysmographic measurements of calf blood flow during 3 h of hyperinsulinemic (1 mU.kg-1.min-1) euglycemic clamp performed alone or during concomitant beta-adrenergic (propranolol infusion), cholinergic (atropine infusion), or alpha-adrenergic (prazosin administration) blockade. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia alone increased calf blood flow by 38 +/- 10% (means +/- SE) and decreased vascular resistance by 27 +/- 4% (P < 0.01). The principal new observation is that these insulin-induced vasodilatory responses were not attenuated by concomitant propranolol or atropine infusion, nor were they potentiated by prazosin administration. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in lean healthy humans stimulation of muscle blood flow is not mediated primarily by beta-adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms. Furthermore, alpha-adrenergic mechanisms do not markedly limit insulin-induced stimulation of muscle blood flow.

[Archives de la Parole]. , Parabole de l'enfant prodigue : en marathi - Indo-aryen / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [S.B. Naik], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. État du Maharashtra. Dhule]

Cultivo masivo de microalgas en Biorreactores verticales

El cultivo masivo de microalgas en biorreactores presenta una alta tasa de productividad frente a los cultivos abiertos, esta ventaja, aunada a determinados factores ambientales, se relaciona directamente con la cantidad y calidad de biomasa algal obtenida como producto final en el proceso de cultivo. El presente trabajo centró sus investigaciones en la evaluación de los parámetros físicos del ambiente (temperatura e intensidad lumínica), así como, físico-químicos (temperatura, pH y CO2) en la capacidad de carga de los cultivos. La investigación se desarrolló en el invernadero del Área de Biotecnología Acuática, del Instituto del Mar del Perú, dentro del marco del Proyecto IMARPE-EEP-FINCyT, denominado “Determinación de la Biomasa Microalgal potencialmente acumuladora de lípidos para la obtención de combustibles”, según contrato Nº025-FINCYT-PIBAP-2007. Los cultivos se realizaron empleando la cepa IMP-LBA-009, correspondiente a la microalga Nannochloropsis spp., con un flujo de producción semi-continuo por 48 horas, en un periodo de 6 meses, entre julio a diciembre, Bajo condiciones de iluminación (22,003.93 Lux.m-2.seg-1 ±10640.94), temperatura ambiental (31.7°C±2.8), temperatura de cultivo (25.7°C±1.2), CO2 (0.2 g.L-1) y pH (8.36 ±0.18); los resultados mostraron que la producción de biomasa húmeda fue 0.48g.L-1, equivalente a 0.13 g.L-1 de biomasa seca, durante los meses de octubre y noviembre, con una razón de conversión BS/BH del 28%. El impacto lumino-térmico, al interior del invernadero, favoreció el incremento progresivo de la concentración celular del cultivo en biorreactores, por ende, la producción de biomasa húmeda y seca, durante el periodo de trabajo.

Composición funcional del grupo Polychaeta en la bahía de Paita y la plataforma adyacente (5°S), Perú. Febrero 2003 a octubre 2008.

El objetivo fue determinar la variación batimétrica y temporal de la composición funcional por gremios tróficos del grupo Poliquetos. Se colectaron muestras de macrobentos e información oceanográfica en tres estaciones ubicadas en la bahía (BH, 35 m), plataforma interna (PI, 65 m) y plataforma externa (PE, 117 m), de febrero 2003 a octubre 2008. Los resultados indicaron que la variabilidad estacional está sujeta a cambios de mayor escala, como el incremento de la producción primaria en primavera y verano, posibilitando un aumento de los depositívoros superficiales (SDF) en la BH durante primavera, por efecto de la acumulación de materia orgánica fitoplanctónica que llega al fondo. Asimismo, la disminución de los depositívoros superficiales (SDF) y el aumento de los suspensívoros (SF) en verano, en la BH y PI, se pueden explicar debido al incremento de la descarga de partículas terrígenas de origen vegetal, que afectan físicamente al sustrato. En tanto, los consumidores de interfaz (IF) que dominaron en verano/otoño en la PE, donde la influencia continental es menor, pueden haber sido favorecidos por la mayor calidad de flujo acumulado de fitodetritus en los sedimentos y a un menor contenido de OD, lo cual disminuyó quizás la presión por predación y competencia.

Biovolúmenes de zooplancton, eufáusidos e ictioplancton de la costa peruana, primavera 2006

En el crucero de Evaluación Hidroacústica de Recursos Pelágicos 0611-12, el biovolumen de zooplancton varió entre 0,8 y 50,0 mL/muestra, mayores núcleos se detectaron fuera de la plataforma. Los eufáusidos, más frecuentes fueron Euphausia mucronata (37,1%), E. eximia (19,3%) y Stylocheiron affine (15,5%). El máximo desove de anchoveta fue en aguas costeras frías y aguas de mezcla; las larvas alcanzaron hasta 200 mn de la costa frente al Callao. Entre los mictófidos destacaron Diogenichthys laternatus, Lampanyctus parvicauda y Triphoturus oculeus.

Extraits de chroniques du LIMOUSIN.

Contient : « Chronica monasterii Sancti Marcialis Lemovicensis, usque ad annum MCCCX, ex ms. exemplari Joannis Cordesii, Lemovicensis ecclesie canonici » (ms. lat. 11019, p. 1-45) ; « Chronicon aliud ex eodem codice, ab anno MXVIII ad annum MCCLXVIII » (ibid., p. 101-191) ; « Ex chronico Lemovicensi Sancti Martialis ms. » 1204-1320 (ibid., p. 228-266) ; « Breve chronicon ex eodem codice S. Martialis (ibid., p. 257 et 267-278 ; cf. Duplès-Agier, Chroniques de Saint Martial, p. 130) ; Notes historiques (1272-1275), tirées d'un ms. de Saint-Martial ; Notes sur les saints du Limousin, d'après un ms. de la même abbaye ; « Ex sermone de sanctis Lemovicensibus. » ; « Incipiunt miracula de translatione sancti Martialis apostoli. » ; Extrait de la « Commemoratio abbatum S. Martialis » (Cf. Duplès-Agier, op. cit., p. 1) ; Notes sur les abbayes du Limousin, tirées d'un ms. de Saint-Martin ; Catalogue des évêques de Limoges et notes historiques diverses, tirées d'un ms. de dom Ribier (ms. lat. 5425) ; Liste des abbés de Saint-Augustin de Limoges ; « Fundatio ordinis Artigiae. » ; Histoire de l'Ordre de Grandmont, précédée d'une vie de saint Etienne de Muret (Cf. Labbe, Nova Bibliotheca mss., t. II, p. 674) et continuée jusqu'à 1585 ; Catalogue des prieurés de l'Ordre de Grandmont

Extraits relatifs à l'HISTOIRE ECCLESIASTIQUE DE LA FRANCE.

Contient : Colb. 829 [lat. 4114] : érection des évêchés d'Alet et de Saint-Pons de Thomières ; Colb. 842 [lat. 8569] : lettres de Pétrarque ; Colb. 1020 [lat. 5239] : Chroniques de Limoges ; Colb. 1223 [lat. 4893] : chronique dite de Guillaume Godel ; Colb. 1150 [lat. 5247] : nécrologe de Saint-Robert de Cornillon [Molinier, Obituaires, n° 643] ; Colb. 1248 [lat. 4833 A] : bulle de Jean V pour Gui de La Tour [Jaffé, n° 4107] ; Colb. 1297 [lat. 2627] : Vita sancti Bibiani ; Colb. 1340 [lat. 5064] : notes sur le concile de Latran de 1215 ; Colb. 1297 [lat. 2627] : lettre d'Etienne, abbé de Cluny, aux moines de Moissac ; Colb. 1359 [lat. 5178] : lettre adressée à l'évêque de Ratisbonne au sujet d'une nouvelle hérésie (1466) ; Colb. 1364 [lat. 2294] : catalogue de reliques ; Colb. 1392 [lat. 4042] : lettre de l'évêque de Laon à Boniface VIII ; Colb. 1393 [lat. 1461] : notes et lettres diverses sur l'histoire de l'Église au début du XIVe siècle ; Colb. 1480 [lat. 3127] : lettres historiques du XVe siècle ; Lettre de Nicolas Goizot, s. d., touchant la mort de D. Placide Porcheron (1694) ; Extraits de divers traités touchant le schisme

Ecological temporal stability of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage.

We described the colonization dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus in a group of 266 healthy carriers over a period of approximately 1 year. We used precise genotyping methods, i.e., amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), spa typing, and double-locus sequence typing (DLST), to detect changes in strain identity. Strain change took place rather rarely: out of 89 carriers who had initially been colonized, only 7 acquired a strain different from the original one. Approximately one-third of the carriers eliminated the colonization, and a similar number became newly colonized. Some of these events probably represent detection failure rather than genuine colonization loss or acquisition. Lower bacterial counts were associated with increased probability of eliminating the colonization. We have confirmed a high mutation rate in the spa locus: 6 out of 53 strains underwent mutation in the spa locus. There was no overall change in S. aureus genotype composition.

Les partisans : roman (3e édition) / Mayne Reid ; trad. de l'anglais... par Hephell

Collection : Bibliothèque des meilleurs romans étrangers