Cost effectiveness of community leg ulcer clinics: randomised controlled trial

Objectives: To establish the relative cost effectiveness of community leg ulcer clinics that use four layer compression bandaging versus usual care provided by district nurses.

Platelets modulate gastric ulcer healing: Role of endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor release

Bleeding and delayed healing of ulcers are well recognized clinical problems associated with the use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, which have been attributed to their antiaggregatory effects on platelets. We hypothesized that antiplatelet drugs might interfere with gastric ulcer healing by suppressing the release of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), from platelets. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by serosal application of acetic acid. Daily oral treatment with vehicle, aspirin, or ticlopidine (an ADP receptor antagonist) was started 3 days later and continued for 1 week. Ulcer induction resulted in a significant increase in serum levels of VEGF and a significant decrease in serum levels of endostatin (an antiangiogenic factor). Although both aspirin and ticlopidine markedly suppressed platelet aggregation, only ticlopidine impaired gastric ulcer healing and angiogenesis as well as reversing the ulcer-associated changes in serum levels of VEGF and endostatin. The effects of ticlopidine on ulcer healing and angiogenesis were mimicked by immunodepletion of circulating platelets, and ticlopidine did not influence ulcer healing when given to thrombocytopenic rats. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with serum from ticlopidine-treated rats significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, effects reversed by an antibody directed against endostatin. Ticlopidine treatment resulted in increased platelet endostatin content and release. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized contribution of platelets to the regulation of gastric ulcer healing. Such effects likely are mediated through the release from platelets of endostatin and possibly VEGF. As shown with ticlopidine, drugs that influence gastric ulcer healing may do so in part through altering the ability of platelets to release growth factors.

Estudio ATHAC 04-05: estudio observacional sobre el uso de apósitos neutros o impregnados en agente antibacteriano de una innovadora tecnología patentada: la tecnología lípido coloidal (TLC) para el tratamiento de heridas agudas y/o crónicas

Introducción: El estudio ATHAC recoge datos sobre heridas agudas y crónicas que son candidatas a un tratamiento a base de apósitos grasos neutros como la gama URGOTUL. Objetivos: Describir las características de las heridas, describir los tratamiento aplicados a estas heridas y explorar las opiniones de los profesionales de enfermería y los pacientes sobre los tratamientos en términos de aplicabilidad, adaptabilidad y confort para el paciente. Material y métodos: 1.500 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio de acuerdo al tipo de herida y a los tratamientos en uso. Se recogieron datos a partir de dos cuestionarios: uno para el paciente y otro para la enfermera responsable de sus cuidados. Las enfermeras recogieron los datos en el primer día de inclusión y los pacientes respondían al cuestionario 1 mes más tarde o antes si la herida había cicatrizado. Las variables recogidas por la enfermera fueron: datos sociodemográficos, etiología de las lesiones, características y localización de las heridas, aspectos y opiniones sobre el tratamiento. A los pacientes se les preguntó por la duración del tratamiento, el estado de la lesión en el momento de contestar y desde su punto de vista, así como su opinión sobre el dolor, satisfacción general y aceptabilidad. Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos uni y bivariados. Para cada paciente, si tenía más de una lesión, se recogieron datos de la lesión de mayor tamaño. Resultados: Finalmente, se estudiaron 1.432 pacientes con una o más lesiones (420 tenían más de una lesión). El 60,4% eran mujeres y la edad media fue de 66 ± 19 años. En el caso de las heridas crónicas (657 lesiones) predominaron las úlceras venosas (47%) y las úlceras por presión (23%). En las heridas agudas (775 lesiones), la mayoría fueron traumáticas (41%) y quemaduras (32,5%). La principal localización en todas las lesiones fueron los miembros inferiores (57,4% en heridas crónicas y 39% en agudas). El 84,4% de los casos indicó presentar algún tipo de dolor previo al comienzo de este estudio. Al finalizar el estudio, un porcentaje menor del 20% indicó presentar algún tipo de dolor. El 72% de las heridas agudas y el 35% de las crónicas, como refieren los pacientes, había cicatrizado al finalizar el estudio (en un tiempo medio de entre 20-40 días). El 54% de las heridas crónicas evoluciona favorablemente y el 26% de las agudas. Más del 80% de las heridas estudiadas fueron tratadas con la gama URGOTUL. Conclusión: URGOTUL es una buena opción para el tratamiento de este tipo de heridas, especialmente para las heridas agudas, en relación a su carácter atraumático y a su capacidad de cicatrización, así como la buena aceptación y satisfacción de los pacientes.

Risk of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Obese Women.

IMPORTANCE Obesity is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis of the leg and pulmonary embolism. To date, however, whether obesity is associated with adult cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE To assess whether obesity is a risk factor for CVT. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A case-control study was performed in consecutive adult patients with CVT admitted from July 1, 2006 (Amsterdam), and October 1, 2009 (Berne), through December 31, 2014, to the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, or Inselspital University Hospital in Berne, Switzerland. The control group was composed of individuals from the control population of the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis study, which was a large Dutch case-control study performed from March 1, 1999, to September 31, 2004, and in which risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were assessed. Data analysis was performed from January 2 to July 12, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Obesity was determined by body mass index (BMI). A BMI of 30 or greater was considered to indicate obesity, and a BMI of 25 to 29.99 was considered to indicate overweight. A multiple imputation procedure was used for missing data. We adjusted for sex, age, history of cancer, ethnicity, smoking status, and oral contraceptive use. Individuals with normal weight (BMI <25) were the reference category. RESULTS The study included 186 cases and 6134 controls. Cases were younger (median age, 40 vs 48 years), more often female (133 [71.5%] vs 3220 [52.5%]), more often used oral contraceptives (97 [72.9%] vs 758 [23.5%] of women), and more frequently had a history of cancer (17 [9.1%] vs 235 [3.8%]) compared with controls. Obesity (BMI ≥30) was associated with an increased risk of CVT (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% CI, 1.53-4.54). Stratification by sex revealed a strong association between CVT and obesity in women (adjusted OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.00-6.14) but not in men (adjusted OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.25-5.30). Further stratification revealed that, in women who used oral contraceptives, overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of CVT in a dose-dependent manner (BMI 25.0-29.9: adjusted OR, 11.87; 95% CI, 5.94-23.74; BMI ≥30: adjusted OR, 29.26; 95% CI, 13.47-63.60). No association was found in women who did not use oral contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Obesity is a strong risk factor for CVT in women who use oral contraceptives.

Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism /

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