Silicon carbide for semiconductors /

"February 1965."

Machining and grinding of titanium and its alloys /

"August 1965."

The effects of gas occlusions and strains on the magnetic properties of thin permalloy films /

"May 1965."

Survey of available high pressure pneumatic components : (5,000 PSI and UP) /

"July 1954."

Preindications of failure in electronic components /

"July 1965."

Water resources research catalog.

Mode of access: Internet.

A bibliography on the absorption of acoustical energy by organic molecules, and related topics; one thousand annotations.

Mode of access: Internet.

Metallurgical research in World war II,

"Based on a report prepared for the Subcommittee on metallurgy of the Joint board on scientific information policy."

A selected annotated bibliography on the analysis of water resource systems.

Mode of access: Internet.

Scientists against time,

Mode of access: Internet.

Precautionary principles: a jurisdiction-free framework for decision-making under risk

Fundamental principles of precaution are legal maxims that ask for preventive actions, perhaps as contingent interim measures while relevant information about causality and harm remains unavailable, to minimize the societal impact of potentially severe or irreversible outcomes. Such principles do not explain how to make choices or how to identify what is protective when incomplete and inconsistent scientific evidence of causation characterizes the potential hazards. Rather, they entrust lower jurisdictions, such as agencies or authorities, to make current decisions while recognizing that future information can contradict the scientific basis that supported the initial decision. After reviewing and synthesizing national and international legal aspects of precautionary principles, this paper addresses the key question: How can society manage potentially severe, irreversible or serious environmental outcomes when variability, uncertainty, and limited causal knowledge characterize their decision-making? A decision-analytic solution is outlined that focuses on risky decisions and accounts for prior states of information and scientific beliefs that can be updated as subsequent information becomes available. As a practical and established approach to causal reasoning and decision-making under risk, inherent to precautionary decision-making, these (Bayesian) methods help decision-makers and stakeholders because they formally account for probabilistic outcomes, new information, and are consistent and replicable. Rational choice of an action from among various alternatives-defined as a choice that makes preferred consequences more likely-requires accounting for costs, benefits and the change in risks associated with each candidate action. Decisions under any form of the precautionary principle reviewed must account for the contingent nature of scientific information, creating a link to the decision-analytic principle of expected value of information (VOI), to show the relevance of new information, relative to the initial ( and smaller) set of data on which the decision was based. We exemplify this seemingly simple situation using risk management of BSE. As an integral aspect of causal analysis under risk, the methods developed in this paper permit the addition of non-linear, hormetic dose-response models to the current set of regulatory defaults such as the linear, non-threshold models. This increase in the number of defaults is an important improvement because most of the variants of the precautionary principle require cost-benefit balancing. Specifically, increasing the set of causal defaults accounts for beneficial effects at very low doses. We also show and conclude that quantitative risk assessment dominates qualitative risk assessment, supporting the extension of the set of default causal models.

A framework of lessons learned from community-based marine reserves and its effectiveness in guiding a new coastal management initiative in the Philippines

Community-based coastal resource management has been widely applied within the Philippines. However, small-scale community-based reserves are often inefficient owing to management inadequacies arising because of a lack of local support or enforcement or poor design. Because there are many potential pitfalls during the establishment of even small community-based reserves, it is important for coastal managers, communities, and facilitating institutions to have access to a summary of the key factors for success. Reviewing relevant literature, we present a framework of lessons learned during the establishment of protected areas, mainly in the Philippines. The framework contains summary guidance on the importance of (1) an island location, (2) small community population size, (3) minimal effect of land-based development, (4) application of a bottom-up approach, (5) an external facilitating institution, (6) acquisition of title, (7) use of a scientific information database, (8) stakeholder involvement, (9) the establishment of legislation, (10) community empowerment, (11) alternative livelihood schemes, (12) surveillance, (13) tangible management results, (14) continued involvement of external groups after reserve establishment, and (15) small-scale project expansion. These framework components guided the establishment of a community-based protected area at Danjugan Island, Negros Occidental, Philippines. This case study showed that the framework was a useful guide that led to establishing and implementing a community-based marine reserve. Evaluation of the reserve using standard criteria developed for the Philippines shows that the Danjugan Island protected area can be considered successful and sustainable. At Danjugan Island, all of the lessons synthesized in the framework were important and should be considered elsewhere, even for relatively small projects. As shown in previous projects in the Philippines, local involvement and stewardship of the protected area appeared particularly important for its successful implementation. The involvement of external organizations also seemed to have a key role in the success of the Danjugan Island project by guiding local decision-makers in the sociobiological principles of establishing protected areas. However, the relative importance of each component of the framework will vary between coastal management initiatives both within the Philippines and across the wider Asian region.

Foundations of quantum technology

Recent progress in fabrication and control of single quantum systems presage a nascent technology based on quantum principles. We review these principles in the context of specific examples including: quantum dots, quantum electromechanical systems, quantum communication and quantum computation.

A SUPERAÇÃO DE CONFLITOS PRODUZIDOS PELA ANSIEDADE: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO À PRÁXIS PASTORAL, A PARTIR DA TEORIA DA INTERPESSOALIDADE

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, esclarecer como a ansiedade desempenha um papel de forte influência em relacionamentos interpessoais e como o conhecimento desta influência, seguido de uma consciência que possibilite sua amenização, pode permitir relacionamentos harmônicos e diminuição de conflitos que fazem parte do cotidiano. A partir de uma análise de natureza bibliográfica, se utilizou autores de áreas correlatas como psicologia, aconselhamento, filosofia e teologia, por entender que existe um grande volume de conhecimentos científicos sobre o tema, os quais poderão acrescentar positivamente ao estudo do mesmo. É utilizada uma dialética que considera a formação das relações sociais, a origem de influências construtoras de condutas intra e interpessoais de um indivíduo, bem como a insatisfação emocional produzida pela ansiedade. A contribuição deste trabalho relaciona-se à viabilidade de se conquistar relacionamentos mais saudáveis; o desenvolvimento da idéia de ação consciente, atitude menos influenciada pela ansiedade; e o realce da importância de uma prática pastoral fundamentada na fé como esperança minimizadora da ansiedade. Sua utilidade aponta para a esperança em relacionamentos interpessoais harmoniosos, não utópicos, mas produtos de conhecimento, discernimento e compreensão da realidade intra e interpessoal do indivíduo.(AU)

Response-based segmentation using Finite Mixture Partial Least Squares: theoretical foundations and an application to American Customer Satisfaction Index Data

When applying multivariate analysis techniques in information systems and social science disciplines, such as management information systems (MIS) and marketing, the assumption that the empirical data originate from a single homogeneous population is often unrealistic. When applying a causal modeling approach, such as partial least squares (PLS) path modeling, segmentation is a key issue in coping with the problem of heterogeneity in estimated cause-and-effect relationships. This chapter presents a new PLS path modeling approach which classifies units on the basis of the heterogeneity of the estimates in the inner model. If unobserved heterogeneity significantly affects the estimated path model relationships on the aggregate data level, the methodology will allow homogenous groups of observations to be created that exhibit distinctive path model estimates. The approach will, thus, provide differentiated analytical outcomes that permit more precise interpretations of each segment formed. An application on a large data set in an example of the American customer satisfaction index (ACSI) substantiates the methodology’s effectiveness in evaluating PLS path modeling results.