Cost optimal strategies for the renovation of residential neighbourhoods towards energy and emissions neutrality – Rainha Dona Leonor case study

Buildings are one of the major consumers of energy in Europe. This makes them an important target when aiming to reduce the energy consumptions and carbon emissions. The majority of the European building stock has already some decades and so it needs renovation in order to keep its functionality. Taking advantage of these interventions, the energy performance of the buildings may also be improved. In Portugal the renovation techniques, both regarding energy efficiency measures as well as measures for the use of renewable energy sources, are normally planned at the building scale. It is important to explore the possibility of having large scale interventions, has it has been done in other countries, namely at neighbourhood scale with district energy system in order to optimize the results in terms of costs and environmental impact.

Optimal behavior of responsive residential demand considering hybrid phase change materials

Due to communication and technology developments, residential consumers are enabled to participate in Demand Response Programs (DRPs), control their consumption and decrease their cost by using Household Energy Management (HEM) systems. On the other hand, capability of energy storage systems to improve the energy efficiency causes that employing Phase Change Materials (PCM) as thermal storage systems to be widely addressed in the building applications. In this paper, an operational model of HEM system considering the incorporation of more than one type of PCM in plastering mortars (hybrid PCM) is proposed not only to minimize the customerâ s cost in different DRPs but also to guaranty the habitantsâ  satisfaction. Moreover, the proposed model ensures the technical and economic limits of batteries and electrical appliances. Different case studies indicate that implementation of hybrid PCM in the buildings can meaningfully affect the operational pattern of HEM systems in different DRPs. The results reveal that the customerâ s electricity cost can be reduced up to 48% by utilizing the proposed model.

Avaliação do potencial económico de implementação da construção em BTC

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Identificação do tipo e quantidade de PCM adequado ao clima Português

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Mineralización de sales de amonio cuaternario sintéticas

Mediante el abordaje experimental microbiológico, bioquímico y molecular, se pretende conocer la vía catabólica involucrada en la degradación de compuestos de amonio cuaternario sintéticos y lograr la selección de microorganismos eficientes en la mineralización de estos compuestos. A partir de muestras de agua (piletas de decontaminación, desagües industriales), se seleccionarán e identificarán los microorganismos capaces de utilizar estos compuestos como fuente de carbono y nitrógeno. A través del análisis de los metabolitos intermedios, se tendrá una aproximación de la vía metabólica implicada en el proceso. La misma se confirmará por experimentos respirométricos y ensayos enzimáticos. Se pretende establecer cuál es la relación entre el metabolismo de estas sales sintéticas y el de otros compuestos de amonio cuaternario naturales, tales como colina, betaína y carnitina. Se determinará si cepas de colección que metabolizan colina y carnitina son capaces de adaptarse y utilizar las sales sintéticas y cual es la relación entre los caminos metabólicos. Se obtendrán mutantes de las cepas eficientes en la mineralización con fenotipos característicos relacionados con los puntos anteriores. Ello permitirá la proyección para estudios posteriores de identificación, clonado y secuenciación de genes relacionados al proceso.

APOPTOSIS PRODUCIDA POR SALES BILIARES EN EL EPITELIO INTESTINAL. IMPLICANCIAS EN LA ABSORCIÓN INTESTINAL DE CALCIO

En altas concentraciones, el deoxicolato de sodio (DXCS, sal biliar) produce daño hepático durante la colestasis y actúa como promotor de cáncer de colon en animales de experimentación. El estrés oxidativo que el DXCS desencadena produce alteraciones mitocondriales y del retículo endoplásmico, las cuales pueden llevar a la apoptosis. Las dietas occidentales, ricas en grasas y pobres en fibras, y el incremento de las expectativas de vida hacen que el DXCS circule mayor número de veces por el circuito enterohepático aumentando, en consecuencia, sus efectos citotóxicos. Dado que el intestino constituye la única puerta de entrada de calcio al organismo y que la absorción intestinal del catión es sensible al estrés oxidativo nos planteamos como HIPÓTESIS que el DXCS, en concentraciones fisiológicas altas, podría alterar la absorción intestinal de Ca2+, quizás por desencadenamiento de estrés oxidativo que estimularía los procesos apoptóticos de las células epiteliales, resultando en una disminución de la capacidad de transporte del catión. Para demostrar esta hipótesis, se plantearon los siguientes objetivos. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Conocer los mecanismos moleculares que pueden desencadenar altas concentraciones de DXCS en el duodeno y sus implicancias sobre la absorción intestinal de calcio. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS: 1) Analizar la histología del intestino en presencia y ausencia de altas concentraciones de DXCS.2) Determinar el efecto del DXCS sobre la absorción intestinal de calcio en función del tiempo de exposición y la dosis. 3) Evaluar el efecto del DXCS sobre la expresión de genes relacionados con la absorción intestinal de calcio. 4) Analizar la expresión de proteínas que participan en la absorción intestinal de calcio tales como Ca2+-ATPasa, intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ y CB28k. 5) Estudiar el efecto del DXCS sobre el sistema redox intestinal, a través de la cuantificación del contenido de glutatión y carbonilos, de la medición de radicales libres hidroxilo y de las actividades de las enzimas del sistema antioxidante.6) Determinar la localización subcelular y la expresión de moléculas proapoptóticas de la vía intrínseca (Bax, citocromo c) y la fragmentación del ADN como indicadores de apoptosis en enterocitos expuestos a altas concentraciones de DXCS. 7) Analizar la expresión de moléculas proapoptóticas de la vía extrínseca (Fas, FasL, etc) en enterocitos tratados con DXCS.8) Interpretar los posibles mecanismos moleculares desencadenados por el DXCS que podrían afectar el proceso global de la absorción intestinal de calcio. Metodología: Se utilizarán pollos Cobb, los cuales serán alimentados con una dieta comercial. Al cabo de cuatro semanas de edad, se dividirán en dos grupos: a) controles y b) tratados con DXCS en el lumen intestinal a diferentes tiempos y concentraciones (1-100 mM). En ellos se medirá la absorción intestinal de calcio mediante la técnica del asa intestinal ligada in situ utilizando 45Ca2+ como trazador .Se medirá la expresión de genes y proteínas que participan en la vía transcelular de calcio por RT-PCR y Western blot, respectivamente. Se estudiarán variables asociadas al estres oxidativo tales como grupos carbonilos, radicales libres hidroxilos, niveles de glutatión y se medirá la actividad de enzimas del sistema antioxidante. Se evaluarán moléculas de las vías apoptóticas extrínseca e intrínseca. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizará ANOVA seguido del test de Bonferroni en la mayoría de los estudios. El estudio de la absorción intestinal de calcio bajo la influencia del DXCS, sal biliar no conjugada que está en gran proporción en el líquido fecal, arrojará información no sólo sobre los factores moleculares que influyen sobre la absorción intestinal del Ca2+ sino también puede brindar elementos que orienten hacia el conocimiento de la etiopatogenia de enfermedades que transcurren con alteraciones en la absorción del catión como es el caso de la osteoporosis o de otras patologías óseas.

The financial sustainability of passive house construction in Ireland.

In Ireland the average energy cost for a household in 2006 was estimated to be €1,767, an increase of 4% on 2005 figures. With the state o f the current economic climate, home owners are beginning to realise the potential of energy efficient construction methods. The Passive House Standard offers a cost efficient and sustainable construction solution compared to the Traditional Irish construction methods. This report focuses on the Cost comparison between Passive House construction and traditional construction methods. The report also focuses on barriers that are slowing market penetration of the Passive House standard in the Irish Market. It also identifies potential energy savings that passive house occupants would benefit from. The report also highlights professional opinions on the future development o f the Passive House Standard in Ireland. The conclusions of this report are that the Passive House Standard is a more financially suitable construction solution compared to that o f a traditional dwelling complying with the Irish Building Regulations. The report also concludes that the Passive House Standard won’t be introduced as an Irish Building Regulation in the future but that it will have a big impact on future building regulations. The hypothesis o f this report is supported by data obtained from a literature review, qualitative data analysis and a case study. The report recommends that in order for the Passive House Standard to penetrate further into the Irish construction market, various barriers must be rectified. Local manufactures must start producing suitable components that suit the Passive House specification. The Building Energy Rating system must be altered in order for the Passive House to achieve its potential BER rating.

Modernisierung der Wärmeversorgung von zwei Liegenschaften der SWG Tangerhütte GmbH in Grieben und Tangerhütte

In this work, energy concepts for two completely different properties are sought. The first property is a deconstruction of an apartment building with 26 residential units on two separate buildings with 6 residential units. The energy concepts should enable an energy efficient house and allow options for renewable fuels. The second property includes four buildings which are supplied with fuel oil. A change to use natural gas is planned and wherever possible CHP technology for highly efficient use of energy.

Helminths of introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Brazil: does population age affect parasite richness?

Species introductions have altered host and parasite diversity throughout the world. In the case of introduced hosts, population age appears to be a good predictor of parasite richness. Habitat alteration is another variable that may impact host-parasite interactions by affecting the availability of intermediate hosts. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) is a good model to test these predictions. It was introduced in several parts of the world and can be found across rural-urban gradients. A total of 160 house sparrows from Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were necropsied. Thirty house sparrows (19 %) were parasitized with at least one out of five helminth species (Digenea: Tamerlania inopina Freitas, 1951 and Eumegacetes sp.; Eucestoda: Choanotaenia passerina (Fuhrmann, 1907) Fuhrmann, 1932; Nematoda: Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Stiles & Hassall, 1920 and Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi Strom, 1937). Overall, there was no difference in prevalence and intensity of infection of any parasite species, parasite richness and community diversity between adult males and females and adults and juveniles. The number of infected sparrows among seasons, the richness of helminths and the abundance of species were also similar between rural and urban landscapes. Only the prevalence of C. passerina varied seasonally (p=0.0007). A decrease in the number of parasite species from the original range of P. domesticus (13) to its port of entrance in Brazil, the city of Rio de Janeiro (nine), to Porto Alegre (five) is compatible with the hypothesis that host population age is a good predictor of parasite richness.

Science, technology, and American diplomacy : an extended study of the interactions of science and technology with United States foreign policy / Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives.

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Science, technology, and American diplomacy : an extended study of the interactions of science and technology with United States foreign policy / Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives.

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Science, technology, and American diplomacy : an extended study of the interactions of science and technology with United States foreign policy / Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives.

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Resource-monotonicity for house allocation problems

We study a simple model of assigning indivisible objects (e.g., houses, jobs, offices, etc.) to agents. Each agent receives at most one object and monetary compensations are not possible. We completely describe all rules satisfying efficiency and resource-monotonicity. The characterized rules assign the objects in a sequence of steps such that at each step there is either a dictator or two agents "trade" objects from their hierarchically specified "endowments."

Intraseasonal variation in immune defence, body mass and hematocrit in adult house martins Delichon urbica

The intensity of parasite infections often increases during the reproductive season of the host as a result of parasite reproduction, increased parasite transmission and increased host susceptibility. We report within-individual variation in immune parameters, hematocrit and body mass in adult house martins Delichon urbica rearing nestlings in nests experimentally infested with house martin bugs Oeciacus hirundinis and birds rearing nestlings in initially parasite-free nests. From first to second broods body mass and hematocrit of breeding adult house martins decreased. In contrast leucocytes and immunoglobulins became more abundant. When their nests were infested with ectoparasites adults lost more weight compared with birds raising nestlings in nests treated with pyrethrin, whereas the decrease in hematocrit was more pronounced during infection with blood parasites. Neither experimental infestation with house martin bugs nor blood parasites had a significant effect on the amount of immune defences.