Global Acceleration and Dispossesion: Regression in the Right to Life and Public Health during Ecuador’s Neoliberal Decades

The present essay’s central argument or hypothesis is, consequently, that the mechanisms accelerating a wealth concentrating and exclusionary economy centred on the benefit and overprotection of big business—with a corresponding plundering of resources that are vital for life—generated forms of loss and regression in the right to healthcare and the dismantling of institutional protections. These are all expressed in indicators from 1990-2005, which point not only to the deterioration of healthcare programs and services but also to the undermining of the general conditions of life (social reproduction) and, in contrast to the reports and predictions of the era’s governments, a stagnation or deterioration in health indicators, especially for those most sensitive to the crisis. The present study’s argument is linked together across distinct chapters. First, we undertake the necessary clarification of the categories central to the understanding of a complex issue; clarifying the concept of health itself and its determinants, emphasizing the necessity of taking on an integral understanding as a fundamental prerequisite to unravelling what documents and reports from this era either leave unsaid or distort. Based on that analysis, we will explain the harmful effects of global economic acceleration, the monopolization and pillaging of strategic healthcare goods; not only those which directly place obstacles on the access to health services, but also those like the destructuration of small economies, linked to the impoverishment and worsening of living modes. Thinking epidemiologically, we intend to show signs of the deterioration of broad collectivities’ ways of life as a result of the mechanisms of acceleration and pillage. We will then collect disparate evidence of the deterioration of human health and ecosystems to, finally, establish the most urgent conclusions about this unfortunate period of our social and medical history.

Las relaciones de vecindad y la regeneración urbana en Guayaquil. Caso: escalinatas del Cerro Santa Ana

El presente trabajo indaga en la cotidianidad social del Cerro Santa Ana en Guayaquil y en las prácticas diarias sobre el espacio público y privado que se convirtieron en objetos de mediación de un proyecto de Regeneración que movió los cimientos de las relaciones sociales y las prácticas comunicacionales de las personas que habitan este lugar. Desde el discurso oficial que se desprende de las recientes políticas de planificación urbana, el Cerro es identificado como un espacio turístico que merece ser visitado. Pero ¿qué ocurre a espaldas de los turistas? ¿Los habitantes del barrio aceptan y se adaptan a esta demanda, o por el contrario resisten y podrían subvertir las nuevas condiciones creadas por las políticas de “Regeneración urbana”? A través de conversaciones con los vecinos, entrevistas a profundidad y observación etnográfica, este trabajo de investigación recaudó una serie de datos testimoniales que apuntan en primera instancia a reconstruir el pasado del Cerro antes de la puesta en marcha del Plan de Regeneración Urbana de la Municipalidad de Guayaquil. Más adelante, en el Capítulo II, se exponen los ejes de acción de este proyecto y su irrupción en los espacios urbanos y los procesos cotidianos de socialización de los habitantes de este sector. En el Capítulo III, a través, de los testimonios de los habitantes del Cerro se dibuja un panorama en el que la resistencia y la adaptación a las reglas conviven estrechamente.

La expresión de la mujer a través del género epistolar en Cuenca de las Indias en el siglo XVII: las cartas de doña Ana Zurita Ochoa

Doña Ana Zurita Ochoa es una mujer española que hace su vida en Cuenca de las Indias en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Pertenece a la élite étnica, social y económica, y ocupa un lugar superior con relación a los indígenas, negros y mestizos que también forman parte de la urbe. Sus cartas, dirigidas a su esposo, don Salvador de Poveda, son el testimonio de su existencia. En estas, por medio de la escritura, doña Ana construye y proyecta imágenes de sí misma como madre, esposa amante, y vecina de Cuenca dentro del contexto de la Audiencia quiteña. De este modo manifiesta su voz y se hace presente en la historia de las mujeres.

La niña en el cine Ecuador 2008 a 2015. En el nombre de la hija de Tania Hermida; En espera de Gabriela Calvache; Domingo Violeta, Ánima, Nuca y Alba de Ana Cristina Barragán

La niña ha sido representada en el cine ecuatoriano de 2008 a 2015, con carácter protagónico, en seis películas -dos largometrajes y cuatro cortometrajes-, todas en el género de la ficción cinematográfica y en todos los casos escritas y dirigidas por mujeres. Descubrir las huellas dejadas por estas obras en sus representaciones es el objetivo central de esta investigación que se limita a seis películas cuya protagonista es una niña. Huellas de la expresión artística contra-hegemónica y liberadora de la persona, sujeto de derechos y agente social que son las niñas, en relación a los imaginarios y construcciones sociales que los medios de comunicación así como el arte permiten reforzar o replantear. La investigación teórica, entrevistas a profundidad y el análisis de la imagen han sido los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos utilizados a fin de lograr los necesarios referentes, insumos y criterios para lograr una mirada integral a partir de las evidencias particulares que las autoras y sus obras nos dejan. Así se ha logrado una aproximación a la representación de la niña que las autoras han hecho en sus películas, respondiendo a sus propias experiencias de vida y a la necesidad de expresar libremente sus emociones y sentimientos.

Determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in England: a re-examination based on quantile regression

Objective To examine die sociodemographic determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in England and determine the differential effects of socioeconomic variables at various parts of the intake distribution, with a special focus on severely inadequate intakes Design Quantile regression, expressing F&V intake as a function of sociodemographic variables, is employed. Here, quantile regression flexibly allows variables such as ethnicity to exert effects on F&V intake that. vary depending oil existing levels of intake. Setting The 2003 Health survey of England. Subjects Data were from 11044 adult individuals. Results The influence of particular sociodemographic variables is found to vary significantly across the intake distribution We conclude that women consume more F&V than men, Asians and Hacks mole dian Whites, co-habiting individuals more than single-living ones Increased incomes and education also boost intake However, the key general finding of the present study is that the influence of most variables is relatively weak in the area of greatest concern, i e among those with the most inadequate intakes in any reference group. Conclusions. Our findings emphasise the importance of allowing the effects of socio-economic drivers to vary across the intake distribution The main finding, that variables which exert significant influence on F&V Intake at other parts Of the conditional distribution have a relatively weak influence at the lower tail, is cause for concern. It implies that in any defined group, those consuming the lease F&V are hard to influence using compaigns or policy levers.

Alterations in receptor binding properties of recent human influenza H3N2 viruses are associated with reduced natural killer cell lysis of infected cells

Natural killer (NK) cell recognition of influenza virus-infected cells involves hemagglutinin (HA) binding to sialic acid (SA) on activating NK receptors. SA also acts as a receptor for the binding of influenza virus to its target host cells. The SA binding properties of H3N2 influenza viruses have been observed to change during circulation in humans: recent isolates are unable to agglutinate chicken red blood cells and show reduced affinity for synthetic glycopolymers representing SA-alpha-2,3-lactose (3'SL-PAA) and SA-alpha-2,6-N-acetyl lactosamine (6'SLN-PAA) carbohydrates. Here, NK lysis of cells infected with human H3N2 influenza viruses isolated between 1969 and 2003 was analyzed. Cells infected with recent isolates (1999 to 2003) were found to be lysed less effectively than cells infected with older isolates (1969 to 1996). This change occurred concurrently with the acquisition of two new potential glycosylation site motifs in RA. Deletion of the potential glycosylation site motif at 133 to 135 in HA1 from a recent isolate partially restored the agglutination phenotype to a recombinant virus, indicating that the HA-SA interaction is inhibited by the glycosylation modification. Deletion of either of the recently acquired potential glycosylation sites from HA led to increased NK lysis of cells infected with recombinant viruses carrying modified HA. These results indicate that alterations in RA glycosylation may affect NK cell recognition of influenza virus-infected cells in addition to virus binding to host cells.

A study of the effect of heat source location in a ventilated room using multiple regression analysis

Multiple regression analysis is a statistical technique which allows to predict a dependent variable from m ore than one independent variable and also to determine influential independent variables. Using experimental data, in this study the multiple regression analysis is applied to predict the room mean velocity and determine the most influencing parameters on the velocity. More than 120 experiments for four different heat source locations were carried out in a test chamber with a high level wall mounted air supply terminal at air change rates 3-6 ach. The influence of the environmental parameters such as supply air momentum, room heat load, Archimedes number and local temperature ratio, were examined by two methods: a simple regression analysis incorporated into scatter matrix plots and multiple stepwise regression analysis. It is concluded that, when a heat source is located along the jet centre line, the supply momentum mainly influences the room mean velocity regardless of the plume strength. However, when the heat source is located outside the jet region, the local temperature ratio (the inverse of the local heat removal effectiveness) is a major influencing parameter.

Alterations in receptor binding properties of recent human influenza H3N2 viruses are associated with reduced natural killer cell lysis of infected cells

Natural killer (NK) cell recognition of influenza virus-infected cells involves hemagglutinin (HA) binding to sialic acid (SA) on activating NK receptors. SA also acts as a receptor for the binding of influenza virus to its target host cells. The SA binding properties of H3N2 influenza viruses have been observed to change during circulation in humans: recent isolates are unable to agglutinate chicken red blood cells and show reduced affinity for synthetic glycopolymers representing SA-alpha-2,3-lactose (3'SL-PAA) and SA-alpha-2,6-N-acetyl lactosamine (6'SLN-PAA) carbohydrates. Here, NK lysis of cells infected with human H3N2 influenza viruses isolated between 1969 and 2003 was analyzed. Cells infected with recent isolates (1999 to 2003) were found to be lysed less effectively than cells infected with older isolates (1969 to 1996). This change occurred concurrently with the acquisition of two new potential glycosylation site motifs in RA. Deletion of the potential glycosylation site motif at 133 to 135 in HA1 from a recent isolate partially restored the agglutination phenotype to a recombinant virus, indicating that the HA-SA interaction is inhibited by the glycosylation modification. Deletion of either of the recently acquired potential glycosylation sites from HA led to increased NK lysis of cells infected with recombinant viruses carrying modified HA. These results indicate that alterations in RA glycosylation may affect NK cell recognition of influenza virus-infected cells in addition to virus binding to host cells.