O ser idoso estomizado sob o olhar complexo: uma proposta de gerontotecnologia educativa

Na presença da estomia, o idoso pode apresentar maior grau de complicações e dificuldades no processo de adaptação, talvez porque a estomia envolva significados que dizem respeito à auto-imagem e à presença/aumento de dependência. Resgatar a necessidade do autocuidado do idoso em relação à saúde é fundamental para que, no cuidado, se obtenha sua participação e mobilização diária quanto à formulação do processo educativo em saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivos identificar as características do idoso estomizado, atendido em um serviço de estomaterapia e propor uma gerontotecnologia educativa que venha a contribuir no cuidado de idosos estomizados, à luz da Complexidade, de Edgar Morin. Foi realizada uma pesquisa, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, tendo como local um serviço de estomaterapia, o qual possibilitou contato com fichas cadastrais e via telefone com os sujeitos e, depois, com o domicílio do idoso, no Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os sujeitos do estudo totalizaram 4 (quatro) idosos, sendo três mulheres e um homem. Foram utilizados, como instrumento, o formulário e o ecomapa, e como técnicas, a entrevista, a observação assistemática e a gravação. Foram respeitadas as normas éticas. A análise dos dados deu-se por: 1) leitura exaustiva dos dados; 2) apresentação dos casos e seus ecomapas tendo como suporte a Complexidade de Edgar Morin; 3) redescoberta de conceitos, a priori, que ilustraram a visão do idoso com estomia: ser humano idoso estomizado complexo, saúde complexa do idoso estomizado, cuidado complexo ao idoso estomizado e sua família. Por fim, elaborou-se uma cartilha educativa, junto ao idoso, como facilitadora para o autocuidado. Quanto aos resultados, verificou-se que cada idoso estomizado está permeado por situações pontuais e, a partir disso, percebeu-se diferentes concepções recursivas e formas de enfrentamento na adaptação. A aceitação da mudança corporal e psicológica mostrou-se mais fácil, quando se verificou apoio familiar, instrução técnica anterior ou presença de pessoas conhecidas. O enfrentamento da doença e a possibilidade da morte são aspectos presentes para os idosos e que limitam suas atividades de vida diária. Assim, surgiram conceitos que contemplaram o ser humano em sua totalidade, com incertezas e significados. A visão que transcende a complexidade da estomia engloba um cuidado que busca integrar a família do idoso com estomia, estimulando-o ao autocuidado e ao acolhimento diário, reforçando a auto-estima, como estratégia de recomeço em meio a desafios permanentes: ser idoso e ter uma estomia. Lançar um novo olhar sobre a temática idoso estomizado é complexo, exigindo abordagem multidimensional das características que o envolvem. Acreditase que mudanças favoráveis poderão advir após implementação de um programa de educação em saúde que contemple a singularidade das questões que envolvem o idoso estomizado e suas necessidades.

Symmetric Interior Penalty DG Methods for the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations I: Method Formulation

In this article we consider the development of discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for the numerical approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For the discretization of the leading order terms, we propose employing the generalization of the symmetric version of the interior penalty method, originally developed for the numerical approximation of linear self-adjoint second-order elliptic partial differential equations. In order to solve the resulting system of nonlinear equations, we exploit a (damped) Newton-GMRES algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrating the practical performance of the proposed discontinuous Galerkin method with higher-order polynomials are presented.

Formulation and analysis of a diffusion-velocity particle model for transport-dispersion equations

The modelling of diffusive terms in particle methods is a delicate matter and several models were proposed in the literature to take such terms into account. The diffusion velocity method (DVM), originally designed for the diffusion of passive scalars, turns diffusive terms into convective ones by expressing them as a divergence involving a so-called diffusion velocity. In this paper, DVM is extended to the diffusion of vectorial quantities in the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, in their incompressible, velocity–vorticity formulation. The integration of a large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model is investigated and a DVM general formulation is proposed. Either with or without LES, a novel expression of the diffusion velocity is derived, which makes it easier to approximate and which highlights the analogy with the original formulation for scalar transport. From this statement, DVM is then analysed in one dimension, both analytically and numerically on test cases to point out its good behaviour.

A Calogero formulation for four-dimensional black-hole microstates

We extract the leading-order entropy of a four-dimensional extremal black hole in N=2N=2 ungauged supergravity by formulating the CFT1 that is holographically dual to its near-horizon AdS2 geometry, in terms of a rational Calogero model with a known counting formula for the degeneracy of states in its Hilbert space.

The Use of Proof Planning Critics to Diagnose Errors in the Base Cases of Recursive Programs

This paper reports the use of proof planning to diagnose errors in program code. In particular it looks at the errors that arise in the base cases of recursive programs produced by undergraduates. It describes two classes of error that arise in this situation. The use of test cases would catch these errors but would fail to distinguish between them. The system adapts proof critics, commonly used to patch faulty proofs, to diagnose such errors and distinguish between the two classes. It has been implemented in Lambda-clam, a proof planning system, and applied successfully to a small set of examples.

A New Formulation of the Spectral Energy Budget of the Atmosphere, with Application to Two High-Resolution General Circulation Models

International audience

A study of fish ice cream formulation by use of silver carp proteins instead of milk proteins

Fish is a valuable nutritional source witch use of it in daily meal has a beneficial role on nutritional needs supply and also causes mental and physical health especially in people who have protein and food deficiencies. Unfortunately, per capita consumption of sea foods in Iran is 5.5Kg witch is very lower than world standards. So, study on fish ice cream formulation, by use of fish protein concentrate (FPC) instead of milk protein, had done to make variation in sea foods products and also increase per capita consumption of these kinds of foods. FPC has very high protein concentration and a lot of necessary Also it's protein is very digestible amino acids like lysine and methionine with highly biological value and it's PER in compare with casein PER is high. At first fish protein concentrate type A produced from silver carp in three steps by the extraction with isopropyl alcohol solvent and heat. Microbiological and physicochemical specifications of produced FPC by rules of FDA and FAO were accepted. Finally according to panel test results, substitution of 30 percent of milk with FPC is acceptable. Also microbiological and physicochemical specifications of product were tested and results in compare with national standards of Iran were accepted.

Formulation and characterization of a 0.1% rapamycin cream for the treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-related angiofibromas

International audience

Formulation and nebulization of fluticasone propionate-loaded lipid nanocarriers.

International audience

Allocating reforestation areas for sediment flow minimization: an integer programming formulation and a heuristic solution method

Policy and decision makers dealing with environmental conservation and land use planning often require identifying potential sites for contributing to minimize sediment flow reaching riverbeds. This is the case of reforestation initiatives, which can have sediment flow minimization among their objectives. This paper proposes an Integer Programming (IP) formulation and a Heuristic solution method for selecting a predefined number of locations to be reforested in order to minimize sediment load at a given outlet in a watershed. Although the core structure of both methods can be applied for different sorts of flow, the formulations are targeted to minimization of sediment delivery. The proposed approaches make use of a Single Flow Direction (SFD) raster map covering the watershed in order to construct a tree structure so that the outlet cell corresponds to the root node in the tree. The results obtained with both approaches are in agreement with expert assessments of erosion levels, slopes and distances to the riverbeds, which in turn allows concluding that this approach is suitable for minimizing sediment flow. Since the results obtained with the IP formulation are the same as the ones obtained with the Heuristic approach, an optimality proof is included in the present work. Taking into consideration that the heuristic requires much less computation time, this solution method is more suitable to be applied in large sized problems.

Stability and Local Toxicity Evaluation of a Liposomal Prilocaine Formulation

This study reports a physicochemical stability evaluation of a previously reported liposomal prilocaine (PLC(LUV)) formulation (Cereda el al. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci. 7:235, 2004) before and after steam sterilization as well as its local toxicity evaluation. Prilocaine (PLC) was encapsulated into extruded unilamellar liposomes (LUVs) composed by egg phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:alfa-tocopherol (4:3:0.07, mole %). Laser light-scattering analysis (p > 0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reaction (p > 0.05) were used to evaluate the liposomes physical (size) and chemical (oxidation) stability, respectively. The prilocaine chemical stability was followed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance. These tests detected no differences on the physicochemical stability of PLC or PLCLUV, sterilized or not, up to 30 days after preparation (p > 0.05). Finally, the paw edema test and histological analysis of rat oral mucosa were used to assess the possible inflammatory effects of PLC(LUV). PLC(LUV) did not evoke rat paw edema (p > 0.05), and no significant differences were found in histological analysis, when compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). The present work shows that PLC(LUV) is stable for a 30-day period and did not induce significant inflammatory effects both in the paw edema test and in histological analysis, giving supporting evidence for its safely and possible clinical use in dentistry.

Pharmacological and local toxicity studies of a liposomal formulation for the novel local anaesthetic ropivacaine

This study reports an investigation of the pharmacological activity, cytotoxicity, and local effects of a liposomal formulation of the novel local anaesthetic ropivacaine (RVC) compared with its plain solution. RVC was encapsulated into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and a-tocopherol (4:3:0.07, mole %). Particle size, partition coefficient determination and in-vitro release studies were used to characterize the encapsulation process. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the tetrazolium reduction test using sciatic nerve Schwann cells in culture. Local anaesthetic activity was assessed by mouse sciatic and rat infraorbital nerve blockades. Histological analysis was performed to verify the myotoxic effects evoked by RVC formulations. Plain (RVCPLAIN) and liposomal RVC (RVCLUV) samples were tested at 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations. Vesicle size distribution showed liposomal populations of 370 and 130 nm (85 and 15%, respectively), without changes after RVC encapsulation. The partition coefficient value was 132 26 and in-vitro release assays revealed a decrease in RVC release rate (1.5 fold, P < 0.001) from liposomes. RVCLUV presented reduced cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) when compared with RVCPLAIN Treatment with RVCLUV increased the duration (P < 0.001) and intensity of the analgesic effects either on sciatic nerve blockade (1.4-1.6 fold) and infraorbital nerve blockade tests (1.5 fold), in relation to RVCPLAIN. Regarding histological analysis, no morphological tissue changes were detected in the area of injection and sparse inflammatory cells were observed in only one of the animals treated with RVCPLAIN or RVCLUV at 0.5%. Despite the differences between these preclinical studies and clinical conditions, we suggest RVCLUV as a potential new formulation, since RVC is a new and safe local anaesthetic agent.