Dynamic Precision Phenotyping Reveals Mechanism of Crop Tolerance to Root Herbivory

The western corn rootworm (WCR) is a major pest of maize that is well adapted to most crop management strategies. Breeding for tolerance is a promising alternative to combat WCR, but is currently constrained by a lack of physiological understanding and phenotyping tools. We developed dynamic precision phenotyping approaches using carbon-11 with positron emission tomography, root autoradiography and radiometabolite flux analysis to understand maize tolerance to WCR. Our results reveal that WCR attack induces specific patterns of lateral root growth which are associated with a shift in auxin biosynthesis from indole-3-pyruvic acid to indole-3-acetonitrile. WCR attack also increases transport of newly synthesized amino acids to the roots, including the accumulation of glutamine. Finally, the regrowth zones of WCR attacked roots show an increase in glutamine turnover which strongly correlates with the induction of indole-3-acetonitrile-dependent auxin biosynthesis. In summary, our findings identify local changes in the auxin flux network as a promising marker for induced WCR tolerance.

Tab.1: Composition of salt crusts and host rocks

Gypsum and calcite crusts were found on many outcrops of the metamorphic basement and on moraines in Dronning Maud Land. For the first time the copper mineral connellite was found in such crusts. Salt crust and efflorescences indicate an important role of chemical weathering even in a cold and arid climate such as the Antarctic interior. Findings of salt efflorescenees few centimetres beneath the rock surface suggest the contribution of salt crystallization to the formation of the typical Antarctic cavernous or honeycomb weathering features.

A study of the invertebrates and fishes of salt marshes in two Oregon estuaries /

Contract no.: DACW72-77-C-0013.

Report of workshop on isolation, characterization, and mechanism of action of proteases and antiproteases /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sedimentary properties of salt wash sandstones as related to primary structures.

"Contract No. AT-30-1-1182."

The mechanism of filtration /

Photostatic reproduction.

Mechanism of dimensional instability /

"Classification cancelled or changed to UNCLASSIFIED by authority of TIS Change Notice No. 1849 by ASB TISOR, date 8/14/55."

Intrusion of salt water into ground water basins of southern Alameda County.

Mode of access: Internet.

Finite-difference model to simulate the areal flow of salt water and fresh water separated by an interface /

"April 1980."

USAF damage tolerant design handbook : guidelines for the analysis and design of damage tolerant aircraft structures : final report for period September 1980 to March 1984 /

"May 1984."

Annual report of the State Inspector of Salt of the State of Michigan for the year ending ... .

Report year ends Nov. 30.

The mechanism of adjustment, Canadian balance of payments, 1946-1957.

Includes bibliographical references.