Comunidade à mesa: a comensalidade no romance O pai Goriot

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perfil sorológico contra Rickettsia spp e Leptospira spp e infestação de carrapatos em suínos mantidos sob diferentes sistemas de criação

The various types of pig farming, intensive and extensive, expose them to pig parasites but also to those from the environment of the breeding site. In this work was evaluated the exposure of bigs bred in technified farms, SISCAL (intensive breeding system in pens) and not technified (backyard) to leptospira, ticks and rickettsiae. Blood sera were analyzed to determine titers of antibodies anti-Leptospira by SAM technique and antibodies anti-rickettsial by IFA, pigs were inspected for ticks and in their breeding environment and surrounding areas (pastures and riparian vegetation), ticks were collected by the flannel dragging technique. In the farms of pigs 10.4% had anti-Leptospira antibodies, followed by SISCAL (8%) and backyard animals (2.5%). The serovars found were Bratislava, Pomona, serovar, Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. Higher percentage of properties with pigs raised outdoors (SISCAL) had tick infested animals (20%) than those raised in backyard (6.7%), while commercial farms had no infested pigs nor infested breeding place. In both SISCAL and backyard pig breeding properties ticks were observed at the breeding site environment. Tick infestations were detected in areas surrounding pig breeding site in all three husbandry suystems. Ticks found were all Amblyomma scultpum nymphs or adults with the exception of one of Amblyomma parvum adult. In relation to anti-rickettsia serology to five Rickettsia species, 55.2% of pigs from commercial farms reacted to al least one species, backyard pigs reacted to 89.7% and all pigs of SISCAL showed anti-rickettsia titers. Consecutive tick sampling (June 2014 to February 2016) in SISCAL FAZU in Uberaba, showed the establishment A. sculptum ticks maintained by domestic pigs. These observations demonstrate the ability the pigs to maintain populations of A. sculptum at a favorable environment and may indicate a new trend in environmental infestations by this species of tick. Exposure to Leptospira and Rickettsia demonstrated the potential pigs exposure and transmission of important diseases in public health.

Elemental Analysis of Glass and Ink by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

The necessity of elemental analysis techniques to solve forensic problems continues to expand as the samples collected from crime scenes grow in complexity. Laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) has been shown to provide a high degree of discrimination between samples that originate from different sources. In the first part of this research, two laser ablation ICP-MS systems were compared, one using a nanosecond laser and another a femtosecond laser source for the forensic analysis of glass. The results showed that femtosecond LA-ICP-MS did not provide significant improvements in terms of accuracy, precision and discrimination, however femtosecond LA-ICP-MS did provide lower detection limits. In addition, it was determined that even for femtosecond LA-ICP-MS an internal standard should be utilized to obtain accurate analytical results for glass analyses. In the second part, a method using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the forensic analysis of glass was shown to provide excellent discrimination for a glass set consisting of 41 automotive fragments. The discrimination power was compared to two of the leading elemental analysis techniques, µXRF and LA-ICP-MS, and the results were similar; all methods generated >99% discrimination and the pairs found indistinguishable were similar. An extensive data analysis approach for LIBS glass analyses was developed to minimize Type I and II errors en route to a recommendation of 10 ratios to be used for glass comparisons. Finally, a LA-ICP-MS method for the qualitative analysis and discrimination of gel ink sources was developed and tested for a set of ink samples. In the first discrimination study, qualitative analysis was used to obtain 95.6% discrimination for a blind study consisting of 45 black gel ink samples provided by the United States Secret Service. A 0.4% false exclusion (Type I) error rate and a 3.9% false inclusion (Type II) error rate was obtained for this discrimination study. In the second discrimination study, 99% discrimination power was achieved for a black gel ink pen set consisting of 24 self collected samples. The two pairs found to be indistinguishable came from the same source of origin (the same manufacturer and type of pen purchased in different locations). It was also found that gel ink from the same pen, regardless of the age, was indistinguishable as were gel ink pens (four pens) originating from the same pack.

Cuerpo, subjetividad y socialización en la infancia y la adolescencia

Desde un enfoque interdisciplinario amplio y complejo, superador de todo reduccionismo, podemos afirmar que la construcción de la subjetividad comienza sumamente temprano para el ser humano. No solo porque antes de su nacimiento hubo alguien que lo pensó, sino porque también fue anticipado transgeneracionalmente; esos ?otros? que lo preceden delimitaron un pasado no solo a nivel familiar sino también en lo histórico-social. Con el nacimiento el cuerpo, base biológica y sede posibilitadora de todo lo que advendrá, irá recorriendo desde la infancia diferentes resignificaciones en un tiempo que, sabemos desde el Psicoanálisis, no necesariamente es concebido linealmente; más particulares serán aún las transformaciones con la llegada de la pubertad que dará inicio a la adolescencia, época de duelos y marcadas re- orientaciones. A lo largo del recorrido de su desarrollo el sujeto va insertándose en diferentes instituciones de formación, las que a la vez no serán ajenas a las representaciones imaginarias de un determinado tejido social, representaciones que encontrarán en los diferentes medios masivos de comunicación y redes sociales no solo su lugar de expresión sino un espacio que redetermina al sujeto su modo de mostrarse, percibirse y gozar, reservando además un lugar preponderante a los fenómenos actuales de globalización

Cuerpo, subjetividad y socialización en la infancia y la adolescencia

Desde un enfoque interdisciplinario amplio y complejo, superador de todo reduccionismo, podemos afirmar que la construcción de la subjetividad comienza sumamente temprano para el ser humano. No solo porque antes de su nacimiento hubo alguien que lo pensó, sino porque también fue anticipado transgeneracionalmente; esos ?otros? que lo preceden delimitaron un pasado no solo a nivel familiar sino también en lo histórico-social. Con el nacimiento el cuerpo, base biológica y sede posibilitadora de todo lo que advendrá, irá recorriendo desde la infancia diferentes resignificaciones en un tiempo que, sabemos desde el Psicoanálisis, no necesariamente es concebido linealmente; más particulares serán aún las transformaciones con la llegada de la pubertad que dará inicio a la adolescencia, época de duelos y marcadas re- orientaciones. A lo largo del recorrido de su desarrollo el sujeto va insertándose en diferentes instituciones de formación, las que a la vez no serán ajenas a las representaciones imaginarias de un determinado tejido social, representaciones que encontrarán en los diferentes medios masivos de comunicación y redes sociales no solo su lugar de expresión sino un espacio que redetermina al sujeto su modo de mostrarse, percibirse y gozar, reservando además un lugar preponderante a los fenómenos actuales de globalización

Enteric methane emissions and nitrogen utilisation efficiency for two genotype of hill hoggets offered fresh, ensiled and pelleted ryegrass

Thirty-six 12-month-old hill hoggets were used in a 2 genotype (18 Scottish Blackface vs. 18 Swaledale×Scottish Blackface)×3 diet (fresh vs. ensiled vs. pelleted ryegrass) factorial design experiment to evaluate the effects of hogget genotype and forage type on enteric methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) utilisation. The hoggets were offered 3 diets ad libitum with no concentrate supplementation in a single period study with 6 hoggets for each of the 6 genotype×diet combinations (n=6). Fresh ryegrass was harvested daily in the morning. Pelleted ryegrass was sourced from a commercial supplier (Aylescott Driers & Feeds, Burrington, UK) and the ryegrass silage was ensiled with Ecosyl (Lactobacillus plantarum, Volac International Limited, Hertfordshire, UK) as an additive. The hoggets were housed in individual pens for at least 14 d before being transferred to individual respiration chambers for a further 4 d with feed intake, faeces and urine outputs and CH4 emissions measured. There was no significant interaction between genotype and forage type on any parameter evaluated. Sheep offered pelleted grass had greater feed intake (e.g. DM, energy and N) but less energy and nutrient apparent digestibility (e.g. DM, N and neutral detergent fibre (NDF)) than those given fresh grass or grass silage (P<0.001). Feeding pelleted grass, rather than fresh grass or grass silage, reduced enteric CH4 emissions as a proportion of DM intake and gross energy (GE) intake (P<0.01). Sheep offered fresh grass had a significantly lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) apparent digestibility, and CH4 energy output (CH4-E) as a proportion of GE intake than those offered grass silage (P<0.001). There was no significant difference, in CH4 emission rate or N utilisation efficiency when compared between Scottish Blackface and Swaledale × Scottish Blackface. Linear and multiple regression techniques were used to develop relationships between CH4 emissions or N excretion and dietary and animal variables using data from sheep offered fresh ryegrass and grass silage. The equation relating CH4-E (MJ/d) to GE intake (GEI, MJ/d), energy apparent digestibility (DE/GE) and metabolisability (ME/GE) resulted in a high r2 (CH4-E=0.074 GEI+9.2 DE/GE−10.2 ME/GE−0.37, r2=0.93). N intake (NI) was the best predictor for manure N excretion (Manure N=0.66 NI+0.96, r2=0.85). The use of these relationships can potentially improve the precision and decrease the uncertainty in predicting CH4 emissions and N excretion for sheep production systems managed under the current feeding conditions.

Investigation of the chemical origin and evidential value of differences in the SERS spectra of blue gel inks

Highly swellable polymer films doped with Ag nanoparticle aggregates (poly-SERS films) have been used to record very high signal:noise ratio, reproducible surface-enhanced (resonance) Raman (SER(R)S) spectra of in situ dried ink lines and their constituent dyes using both 633 and 785 nm excitation. These allowed the chemical origins of differences in the SERRS spectra of different inks to be determined. Initial investigation of pure samples of the 10 most common blue dyes showed that the dyes which had very similar chemical structures such as Patent Blue V and Patent Blue VF (which differ only by a single OH group) gave SERRS spectra in which the only indications that the dye structure had been changed were small differences in peak positions or relative intensities of the bands. SERRS studies of 13 gel pen inks were consistent with this observation. In some cases inks from different types of pens could be distinguished even though they were dominated by a single dye such as Victoria Blue B (Zebra Surari) or Victoria Blue BO (Pilot Acroball) because their predominant dye did not appear in other inks. Conversely, identical spectra were also recorded from different types of pens (Pilot G7, Zebra Z-grip) because they all had the same dominant Brilliant Blue G dye. Finally, some of the inks contained mixtures of dyes which could be separated by TLC and removed from the plate before being analysed with the same poly-SERS films. For example, the Pentel EnerGel ink pen was found to give TLC spots corresponding to Erioglaucine and Brilliant Blue G. Overall, this study has shown that the spectral differences between different inks which are based on chemically similar, but nonetheless distinct dyes, are extremely small, so very close matches between SERRS spectra are required for confident identification. Poly-SERS substrates can routinely provide the very stringent reproducibility and sensitivity levels required. This, coupled with the awareness of the reasons underlying the observed differences between similarly coloured inks allows a more confident assessment of the evidential value of inks SERS and should underpin adoption of this approach as a routine method for the forensic examination of inks.

Cuerpo, subjetividad y socialización en la infancia y la adolescencia

Desde un enfoque interdisciplinario amplio y complejo, superador de todo reduccionismo, podemos afirmar que la construcción de la subjetividad comienza sumamente temprano para el ser humano. No solo porque antes de su nacimiento hubo alguien que lo pensó, sino porque también fue anticipado transgeneracionalmente; esos ?otros? que lo preceden delimitaron un pasado no solo a nivel familiar sino también en lo histórico-social. Con el nacimiento el cuerpo, base biológica y sede posibilitadora de todo lo que advendrá, irá recorriendo desde la infancia diferentes resignificaciones en un tiempo que, sabemos desde el Psicoanálisis, no necesariamente es concebido linealmente; más particulares serán aún las transformaciones con la llegada de la pubertad que dará inicio a la adolescencia, época de duelos y marcadas re- orientaciones. A lo largo del recorrido de su desarrollo el sujeto va insertándose en diferentes instituciones de formación, las que a la vez no serán ajenas a las representaciones imaginarias de un determinado tejido social, representaciones que encontrarán en los diferentes medios masivos de comunicación y redes sociales no solo su lugar de expresión sino un espacio que redetermina al sujeto su modo de mostrarse, percibirse y gozar, reservando además un lugar preponderante a los fenómenos actuales de globalización

Consumo, cenários comunicacionais e subjetividades juvenis

Esta comunicação articula reflexões das pesquisas "Imagens limiares e visualidades juvenis: imagética do consumo", sediada na ESPM/SP, e “Imagens de presença e de ausência: sentidos midiáticos da subjetividade juvenil”, sediada na UFRN. O consumo é referência de uma epistemologia dos processos comunicacionais/midiáticos apoiada em investigações multimetodológicas. Buscam-se critérios para pensá-lo como sistema midiático com implicações em processos materiais e produtivos, e também como regime afetual, dinâmica estésica e estética de produção de sentido vinculado a dimensões simbólicas. São investigadas práticas de consumo dirigidas ao corpo e relevantes nos processos de subjetivação de jovens urbanos tanto pela reprodução de padrões como pela criação de novas formas de apropriação de bens simbólicos

L'influence du pays d'origine sur l'évaluation des produits par les vendeurs el les consommateurs : une étude comparative

Dans un contexte économique où globalisation des marchés et mondialisation des échanges commerciaux sont les mots d'ordre, nous assistons à une prolifération de produits hybrides ayant plus d'une origine nationale. Le made-in d'un produit n'a désormais plus de sens si on ne le scinde en deux concepts : le pays de conception où est "pensé" et conçu le produit et le pays d'assemblage où a lieu la fabrication physique du produit. Plusieurs recherches sur le made-in ont démontré que le pays de conception et le pays d'assemblage avaient effectivement une influence sur les évaluations de la qualité et de la valeur d'achat des produits par les consommateurs. L'objet de cette étude est de savoir si l'origine nationale a une influence sur un autre intervenant dans le processus d'achat : le vendeur et si cette influence est comparable à celle déjà observée chez le consommateur. 194 vendeurs d’appareils électroniques des villes de Montréal, Québec et Sherbrooke ont évalué des pays d'origine de niveaux de développement différents ainsi que la qualité et la valeur d'achat de trois catégories de produits : magnétoscopes, chaussures et automobiles. Chaque produit était caractérisé par cinq attributs : le pays de conception, le pays d'assemblage, la marque, la garantie et le prix. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés à ceux issus d'une recherche antérieure sur l'influence du pays d'origine sur un échantillon de consommateurs (de Bussac, 1992). Cette étude comparative démontre notamment que les vendeurs, comme les consommateurs, associent des stéréotypes aux pays d'origine, stéréotypes qui influencent leur évaluation de la qualité et de la valeur d'achat des produits. Par ailleurs, la majorité des vendeurs interrogés pense que les consommateurs qu'ils rencontrent ne font pas de distinction entre pays de conception et pays d'assemblage. Il semble aussi que le pays d'origine est l'attribut du produit que les vendeurs utilisent le moins dans leur argumentation de vente.

Consumo, cenários comunicacionais e subjetividades juvenis

Esta comunicação articula reflexões das pesquisas "Imagens limiares e visualidades juvenis: imagética do consumo", sediada na ESPM/SP, e “Imagens de presença e de ausência: sentidos midiáticos da subjetividade juvenil”, sediada na UFRN. O consumo é referência de uma epistemologia dos processos comunicacionais/midiáticos apoiada em investigações multimetodológicas. Buscam-se critérios para pensá-lo como sistema midiático com implicações em processos materiais e produtivos, e também como regime afetual, dinâmica estésica e estética de produção de sentido vinculado a dimensões simbólicas. São investigadas práticas de consumo dirigidas ao corpo e relevantes nos processos de subjetivação de jovens urbanos tanto pela reprodução de padrões como pela criação de novas formas de apropriação de bens simbólicos

L’intégration scolaire : avantages et inconvénients

Ce travail a eu pour point de départ les commentaires presque toujours négatifs prononcés par beaucoup d'intervenants du milieu de l'enseignement qui ont eu à vivre cette nouvelle réalité qu'est l'intégration des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage et d'adaptation. J'ai pensé qu'il serait intéressant de me pencher sur ce nouveau vécu qui semble causer tant de remous dans le système. Compte tenu des nombreux commentaires qui semblent venir de partout, j'ai donc décidé de faire une analyse de la situation mais en utilisant les données contenues dans ce qui a été écrit sur le sujet. Ce travail est entre autre le résultat des différents ouvrages que j'ai consultés. Je vais donc essayer de synthétiser et d'analyser le fruit de mes lectures, d'analyser et d'interpréter la recherche et le questionnement que j'ai fait dans le milieu même où se vit l'intégration. Il sera intéressant de voir si les principes et les théories écrites collent à la réalité et au vécu du milieu. J'espère que les informations que contiendra ce travail pourront servir à jeter un peu de lumière sur cette nouvelle réalité avec laquelle le système scolaire doit s'harmoniser et qui se nomme «intégration des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage et d'adaptation».

A Haptic System for Depicting Mathematical Graphics for Students with Visual Impairments

When teaching students with visual impairments educators generally rely on tactile tools to depict visual mathematical topics. Tactile media, such as embossed paper and simple manipulable materials, are typically used to convey graphical information. Although these tools are easy to use and relatively inexpensive, they are solely tactile and are not modifiable. Dynamic and interactive technologies such as pin matrices and haptic pens are also commercially available, but tend to be more expensive and less intuitive. This study aims to bridge the gap between easy-to-use tactile tools and dynamic, interactive technologies in order to facilitate the haptic learning of mathematical concepts. We developed an haptic assistive device using a Tanvas electrostatic touchscreen that provides the user with multimodal (haptic, auditory, and visual) output. Three methodological steps comprise this research: 1) a systematic literature review of the state of the art in the design and testing of tactile and haptic assistive devices, 2) a user-centered system design, and 3) testing of the system’s effectiveness via a usability study. The electrostatic touchscreen exhibits promise as an assistive device for displaying visual mathematical elements via the haptic modality.

La politique agricole au Québec, 1852-1929 : le rôle du ministère de l’agriculture dans l'évolution de cette industrie

Le monde agricole québécois célèbre cette année deux anniversaires d'importance: le cinquantenaire de la Corporation des agronomes de la province de Québec, fondée à Sherbrooke en 1937, et le centenaire du ministère de l'Agriculture qui existe comme entité administrative distincte depuis 1887. Si la présentation du présent mémoire coïncide avec ces deux anniversaires ce n'est que pur hasard, mais un hasard qui fait bien les choses me semble-t-il. Pourquoi avoir choisi un sujet comme le rôle du ministère de l'Agriculture de la province de Québec dans l'évolution de ce secteur économique entre 1852 et 1929? Une raison personnelle d'abord: je suis mariée à un agronome. L'agriculture est donc une partie intégrante de ma vie. Des raisons professionnelles aussi: l'histoire politique m'intéresse au plus haut point. En faisant le cours d'activité de recherches dirigée intitulé Mercier dans la presse québécoise, 1886-1891, j'ai découvert à ma grande surprise, que le ministère de l'Agriculture existe comme entité distincte depuis 1887 seulement. J'ai donc pensé qu'il serait intéressant de pousser mes recherches un peu plus loin, dans le cadre d'un mémoire de maîtrise, afin d'étudier le rôle qu'a pu jouer le ministère de l'Agriculture dans le processus de spécialisation agricole qui s'est amorcé aux XIX- siècle…

Validation of PigBal model predictions for pig manure production

PigBal is a mass balance model that uses pig diet, digestibility and production data to predict the manure solids and nutrients produced by pig herds. It has been widely used for designing piggery effluent treatment systems and sustainable reuse areas at Australian piggeries. More recently, PigBal has also been used to estimate piggery volatile solids production for assessing greenhouse gas emissions for statutory reporting purposes by government, and for evaluating the energy potential from anaerobic digestion of pig effluent. This paper has compared PigBal predictions of manure total, volatile, and fixed solids, and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), with manure production data generated in a replicated trial, which involved collecting manure from pigs housed in metabolic pens. Predictions of total, volatile, and fixed solids and K in the excreted manure were relatively good (combined diet R2 ≥ 0.79, modelling efficiency (EF) ≥ 0.70) whereas predictions of N and P, were generally less accurate (combined diet R2 0.56 and 0.66, EF 0.19 and –0.22, respectively). PigBal generally under-predicted lower N values while over-predicting higher values, and generally over-predicted manure P production for all diets. The most likely causes for this less accurate performance were ammonium-N volatilisation losses between manure excretion and sample analysis, and the inability of PigBal to account for higher rates of P uptake by pigs fed diets containing phytase. The outcomes of this research suggest that there is a need for further investigation and model development to enhance PigBal’s capabilities for more accurately assessing nutrient loads. However, PigBal’s satisfactory performance in predicting solids excretion demonstrates that it is suitable for assessing the methane component of greenhouse gas emission and the energy potential from anaerobic digestion of volatile solids in piggery effluent. The apparent overestimation of N and P excretion may result in conservative nutrient application rates to land and the over-prediction of the nitrous oxide component of greenhouse gas emissions.