Innovación y Aprendizaje: un nuevo modelo para la formación universitaria: ¿Por qué y para qué? = Innovation and Learning: a New Model for University Education: Why and for What?

The legislative reforms in university matters driven in recent years, beyond the provoked controversies, offer to universities the possibility to develop a new model in line with the European environment, focusing on quality aims and adapting to the socioeconomic current challenges. A new educational model centered on the student, on the formation of specific and transverse competitions, on the improvement of the employability and the access to the labor market, on the attraction and fixation of talent, is an indispensable condition for the effective social mobility and for the homogeneous development of a more responsible and sustainable socioeconomic and productive model

Ammattikurssikeskuksesta talousalueen kehittäjäksi

Maamme teollistuminen sai alkunsa 1850-luvulla. Tämän jälkeen maassamme käynnistettiin ensimmäisiä ammatillisia kouluja. Niiden perustehtävä oli palvella senaikaista teollisuutta. Sotavuosien jälkeen teollistuminen suuntautui sotakorvauksien maksamiseen. Tämän myötä maahamme kasvoi vahva teollistunut yhteiskunta. 1960- ja 1970-luvun Suomessa koettiin epävarmuutta osaavasta ammattikunnasta. Näihin aikoihin hallituksemme ryhtyi kiinnittämään erityistä huomiota työvoimapolitiikkaan. Tämän tutkimuksen yhtenä tavoitteena on tarkastella keinoja, joilla hallituksemme on ohjaillut ammatillista koulutusta tarjoavia oppilaitoksia lähemmäksi elinkeinoelämän tarpeita. Toisena merkittävänä tutkimuksen kohteena on ollut hallituksen lain muutos (40/2005 työelämän kehittämis- ja palvelutehtävä) ja sen vaikutukset Hyvinkään–Riihimäen talousalueeseen. Tutkimuksen tuloksia arvioitaessa huomataan, että Opetushallituksen laatimien lakien ja asetuksien muutoksilla on ollut vaikutusta koulutuksien toteutumiseen sekä työvoimaviranomaisten väliseen yhteistyöhön. Matti Vanhasen hallituksen esittämän lain muutoksen (40/2005) myötä Hyvinkään–Riihimäen talousalueen verkostoituminen muiden elinkeinoelämän edustajien ja oppilaitosten kanssa on onnistunut erittäin hyvin. Sen tuloksista voidaan mainita talousalueelle syntynyt aikuisopisto.

Suorien ulkomaisten investointien vaikutukset kohdemaassa: Itäisen Euroopan siirtymätaloudet

Tämä kandidaatintyö käsittelee suorien ulkomaisten investointien vaikutuksia itäisen Euroopan siirtymätalouksissa keskittyen erityisesti Puolaan, Viroon ja Ukrainaan. Suorat ulkomaiset investoinnit ovat tärkeä osa kansainvälistä kauppaa ja niillä on suuri rooli monen maan taloudessa. Työ koostuu kolmesta suuremmasta kokonaisuudesta, joista ensimmäisenä on suoran ulkomaisen investoinnin teoria. Toisessa osiossa esitellään lyhyesti kohdemaat, minkä jälkeen kolmannessa osiossa keskitytään suorien ulkomaisten investointien teoreettisiin vaikutuksiin. Teoreettisista vaikutuksista käsitellään tarkemmin vaikutukset talouskasvuun, maksutaseeseen, tuottavuuteen, tuotantoon, teknologiaan, työvoimaan, markkinarakenteeseen ja ympäristöön. Näitä suorien ulkomaisten investointien vaikutuksia havainnollistetaan esimerkeillä kohdemaista.

System to outline the graduatestudents

Objective: to evaluate the system to outline the graduate students from the Post-Graduate Programs of CAPES Medicine III area. Method: it was analyzed the book of indicators and the Document of Area of the Post-Graduate Programs of Surgery, also checking the literature about this issue. Results: there was a paucity of data from most of the programs, as regards to the methods for evaluation of graduate students. The current system lacks a standard and an institutional support to outline the graduate students. In the public system there is a concentration of postgraduate students in Medicine; however, they represent a small part of those Brazilians students who finished their graduation courses in Medicine. In the current context, the quest for the post graduate courses and consequently for a research field or even a teaching career, has been replaced by the private sector jobs and the labor market, both in non-academic assistance activities. Conclusion: it is imperative to establish not only science and technology innovation policies but also educational and health policies acting harmoniously and stimulating the qualification and the teaching career, improving the post-graduate courses. It is necessary to develop a single form under the institutional guidance of CAPES with the conception of a National Program for Graduate Student in order to consolidate guidelines to mapping the graduate students of post-graduate programs in surgery, in our country.

Extremfall, stjärnelever och verktygsskramlare : en diskursanalytisk studie av lärares tal om studerande som behöver särskilt stöd

The groups within Finnish vocational upper secondary education and training (VET) are often heterogeneous with respect to the student's need for support in their studies. According to the national core curricula, Special Education Needs (SEN) students should in the first place, get their education in the same group as everyone else. This dissertation aims to clarify and create an understanding about how the ideals and intention of equality in education is constructed in communication among teachers in VET in the Swedish-speaking parts of Finland. Through this understanding it should be possible to highlight a potential which could ultimately contribute to a positive development of a more inclusive education within VET. The epistemological platform of the study is to be found within the post structuralist philosophy of language that is considered as subsumed in a social constructionist thinking. The data has been collected through focus group discussions in groups of 3–6 participants (teachers) in seven schools in Finnish-Swedish VET. The analyses are based on a discursive psychological analysis combined with an analysis based on Michel Foucault's concepts with an emphasis on the subject, government and power. Four discourser where identified in the analysis of teachers' constructions of the educational assignment in relation to SEN students. The most dominant was discussing the educational assignment as a pragmatic project i.e. as a matter of transmission of knowledge. The discourse included both interpretative repertoires where the heterogeneous group was constructed as self-evident and possible to manage as well as a constructed as an impossible project. The educational assignment was also constructed as a holistic project, as part of a democratic project, and as a labor market project. Each discourse contains both including as well as excluding features in relation to SEN students. The development of an inclusive practice can and should therefore include elements from all of them. Three discourses were identified in the analysis concerning teachers' versions of SEN students: students with difficulties and problems; students who do not use or do not have ability and students who are irresponsible and lack the will to study. Within the various discourses and interpretative repertoires were both constructs when teachers described a concern and kindness in relation to the individual SEN student and constructions where teachers mainly expressed fears that other students in the group would be negatively affected by students in need of special support. Results from the third research question conclude the results from the two others, the analysis is done out of a government perspective. In the material use of different government techniques are identified: disciplinary power through direct reprimands; pastoral power by a desire of insight in order to promote the opportunities for consultation and the use of bio-power that primarily focuses on what is best for the population and whose tool racism results in a legitimation of the exclusion of SEN students. The conclusion is that teachers in VET need to pay attention to inclusive and exclusive elements identified in various discourses.

The impact of industrial context and institutional factors on innovation and internationalization of Russian companies

Innovation and internationalization nowadays play significant role in formation of the competitive advantage for the companies and it is important to explore these processes deeply and use their potential. Such parameters, as industrial context and institutional factors, are essential parts of the business life and their influence may be crucial for the company’s performance. The Master’s Thesis explores impact of industrial context and institutional factors on innovation and internationalization of Russian companies. This research is quantitative and based on the analysis of the relevant scientific literature and results of the survey, conducted among Russian manufacturing companies. Findings show positive influence of industrial context factor “international threat” and institutional environment factor “lack of resources and the market imperfections” on internationalization of innovative Russian companies.

Informalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma resenha da literatura

The economic literature relative to Brazilian labor market informality is very disperse and presents a significant lack of organization. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is to organize and discuss on a systematic way the main pieces of literature concerning informality in the Brazilian labor market using, whenever it is possible, the international literature as a comparison point for the existing results relative to Brazil's experience. More specifically, questions related to wage differentials between formal and informal workers, labor market segmentation and the effect of institutions on the informal sector are emphasized.

Trabalho infantil e o status ocupacional dos pais

Child labor and the parents' status of employment. The objective of this paper is to verify the hypothesis of the effect of the status of employment of the head of the family on the occurrence of child labor, as well as to analyze other characteristics which can influence such behavior. A probit model was used to realize the statistical tests. The results ratify the hypothesis proposed that the families whose head works as an independent worker show higher probability for the occurrence of child labor than those whose head works as a formal salaried worker. Among other results, it must be highlighted, making simulations, that increasing parents' schooling is more efficient than augmenting income to reduce the use of child labor. These results endorse the proposition that the status of employment should be used, complementing the criteria of income per capita, to select families in the cash transfers programmes or others to eradicate child labor.

Desempenho recente do mercado de trabalho brasileiro: 1992-2005

Recent behavior of the Brazilian labor market: 1992-2005. This study aims at describing the behavior of the Brazilian labor market between 1992 and 2005. This period comprises significant changes in the economic scenario, in the midst of the process of opening the economy to adjust to the prevailing international economic order. In the one hand, the paper focuses on the time evolution of the main labor market indicators, trying to identify trends and stylized facts. On the other, it emphasizes aspects related to spatial patterns, particularly in terms of the metropolitan versus non-metropolitan behavior.

Fluxo de empregos, fluxo de trabalhadores e fluxo de postos de trabalho no Brasil

Job flows, workers flows and employment flows in Brazil. The labor market is in constant flux. When measuring labor market mobility, it is usual to estimate labor market flow statistics, such as worker reallocation and job reallocation. The goal of this paper is to present previously unknown within plant job reallocation statistics for Brazil. The within plant job reallocation is measured as changes in the occupational mix of the plant. The within plant job reallocation allows a decomposition of worker turnover decomposition into matching, technological change and labor demand factors. Using formal labor market data for Brazil, from 1996 to 2001, our results suggest that technological change accounted for a limited share of worker turnover. More than a quarter of worker turnover can be attributed to labor demand shifts and more than 50% of worker turnover is due to matching.

Para medir as desigualdades raciais no mercado de trabalho

Measuring racial inequalities in the labor market. How much racial inequality is there in Brazilian labor market? What has been the impact of the latest transformations in work relations on it? Can we compare the Brazilian situation to other countries? These questions don't have today an objective answer. This is due, mostly, to the absence of measures which could allow us to make long term and regional comparisons of different racial inequalities situations. Our proposal is to provide new indicators to evaluate racial inequalities in both the occupational and income structure in Brazil. Our results show that whites/non-whites gaps widened since the 1980s. They allow us to affirm, in addition, that racial inequalities are today worst in Brazil than in countries that adopted affirmative action laws to fight discrimination.

Mudança estrutural e mercado de trabalho no Brasil

Structural changes and labor market in Brazil. In the present article, we attempt to identify the sources of the changes in the labor schooling level in the three main sectors of the Brazilian economy: manufacturing, services and agriculture. It was verified that, despite the changes in the product and employment among sectors, mainly in the 1990s, the relative demands for qualified workers has not experimented significant changes. Moreover, in the periods in which schooling has increased more, the workers' wage has decreased more. This fact suggests that the increase in labor qualification was mainly due to the increase of this factor supply. The structural changes had contributed, in general, in a marginal and negative way to labor force level of qualification demand in all the three sectors.

Exchange rate pass-through inflation and wage differentials in late-industrializing economies: the Mexican case

This paper investigates exchange rate pass-through inflation, and the wage bargaining process, in a developing economy in which firms' market power is largely dependent on technical progress embodied in imported intermediates and capital goods. It develops a heterodox model of income distribution, based on theoretical contributions from Latin American structuralists, labor market segmentationists and post-Keynesian writers, and it presents supportive empirical evidence from the Mexican economy.

Crowdfunding as a new funding alternative for early stage start-ups

Attracting outside capital is a common problem for start-up companies. Capital markets define the funding options for companies and firms which suffer the most from these capital market imperfections are small start-up companies. Therefore it is important to study any new funding model which can offer a new solution to this inefficiency of capital markets. This study explains the traditional funding models for start-ups such as founders, friends & family, banks, business angels and venture capitalist. After giving background to traditional start-up funding this study delves into crowfunding (CF) and introduces it as a new funding method. The objective of the thesis is to answer one broad research question: Why and how should start-up companies use CF as an alternative funding method? To properly delve into this, this question has the following sub-questions: What kind of funding alternatives do start-up companies have? What are the pros and cons of CF compared to other funding options? How can start-ups benefit from CF? This study gives background on the rise of CF and the reasons why this new model is needed. Author will explain the different components of CF such as platforms, crowdfunders and projects. Also benefits and challenges of the crowdfunding model are investigated. As a new funding model CF has had to clear out many obstacles from its way. These are, for example, legal and regulatory issues as well education of crowd investors to understand this new investment option. . Start-up entrepreneurs can gain valuable insight from this study. The author has attempted to form best practices and guidelines of how to operate in the CF environment. This study was conducted by performing expert interviews, collecting data from previous studies and performing a content analysis of successful crowdfunding cases. Main findings from the study were that CF has huge potential in funding entrepreneurial projects. It is still a niche way for funding but growing rapidly. CF is earning its place among traditional funding options and has potential to fund projects which otherwise would struggle to find funding. With CF entrepreneur can tap into geographically diverse audience. It is a powerful validation tool for products and ideas and has the power to bring democratic elements to entrepreneurial funding.

CEO Compensation, Compensation Risk, and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Technology Firms

Literature suggests that CEOs of technology firms earn higher pay than CEOs of non-technology firms. I investigate whether compensation risk explains the difference in compensation between technology firms and non-technology firms. Controlling for firm size and performance, I find that CEOs in technology firms have higher pay, but also have much higher compensation risk compared to non-technology firms. Compensation risk explains the major part of the difference in CEO pay. My study is consistent with the labor market economics view that CEOs earn competitive risk-adjusted total compensation.