Successful carnivore identification with faecal DNA across a fragmented Amazonian landscape

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Size at maturity and egg capsules of the softnose skates Bathyraja brachyurops (Fowler, 1910) and Bathyraja macloviana (Norman, 1937) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic (37 degrees 00'-39 degrees 30'S)

P>The softnose skates Bathyraja brachyurops and Bathyraja macloviana represent an important portion of the skate catches of the Uruguayan trawling fleet in the southwestern Atlantic. From March to October 2004, specimens of these species were collected at 75-200 m depth range in the area situated between latitudes 37 degrees 00'-39 degrees 30'S. For B. brachyurops, total length at which 50% of the specimens were retained by the gear was 68.0 cm for both sexes; T(L50) was estimated at 65.4 cm for males and 67.0 cm for females. For B. macloviana, total length at which 50% of the specimens were retained was 56.0-57.0 cm for both sexes; T(L50) was estimated at 53.5 cm for males and 52.0 cm for females. Egg capsule length varied from 79-91 mm in B. brachyurops and 69-75.5 mm in B. macloviana. In both species, capsules displayed striated surfaces and similar gross morphology, although egg capsules of B. macloviana had more robust anterior horns and a smaller size than those of B. brachyurops. Egg capsules of the latter also exhibited microscopical prickles. Capsule edges were laterally keeled with a groove along the keel, and a straight and transverse velum was present in the egg capsules of both species.

Reproductive biology of an endemic Physalaemus of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, and the trade-off between clutch and egg size in terrestrial breeders of the P. signifer group

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Frequency of Candida spp. in the Oral Cavity of Brazilian HIV-Positive Patients and Correlation with CD4 Cell Counts and Viral Load

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae oral isolates from Brazilian HIV-positive patients. Correlation with CD4 cell counts and viral load

The aim was to evaluate the presence of Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in the oral cavities of HIV-positive patients. Forty-five individuals diagnosed as HIV-positive by ELISA and Western-blot, and under anti-retroviral therapy for at least 1 year, were included in the study. The control group constituted 45 systemically healthy individuals matched to the HIV patients to gender, age and oral conditions. Oral rinses were collected and isolates were identified by API system. Counts of microorganisms from HIV and control groups were compared statistically by a Mann-Whitney test (alpha = 5%). The percentages of individuals positive for staphylococci were similar between the groups (p = 0.764), whereas for Gram-negative rods, a higher percentage was observed amongst HIV-positive (p = 0.001).There was no difference in Staphylococcus counts between HIV and control groups (p = 0.1008). Counts were lower in the oral cavities of patients with low viral load (p = 0.021), and no difference was observed in relation to CD4 counts (p = 0.929). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated species in HIV group, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the prevalent species in the control group. Significantly higher numbers of enteric bacteria and pseudomonas were detected in the oral cavities of the HIV group than in the control (p = 0.0001). Enterobacter cloacae was the most frequently isolated species in both groups. Counts of enteric bacteria and pseudomonas were significantly lower in patients with low CD4 counts (p = 0.011); however, there was no difference relating to viral load. It may be concluded that HIV group showed greater species diversity and a higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae/Pseudomonadaceae. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MICROBIAL COUNTS of DARK RED LATOSOL SAMPLES STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of dietary organic selenium and zinc on the internal egg quality of quail eggs for different periods and under different temperatures

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of organic selenium and zinc on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Description of the egg capsule of Atlantoraja castelnaui (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Risk factors relating to helminth infections in cows during the peripartum

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of oral environment stabilization procedures on Streptococcus mutans counts in pregnant women

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o efeito da adequação do meio bucal sobre a contagem de Streptococcus mutans em gestantes de alto risco à cárie, participantes de um programa de prevenção em uma instituição de ensino público, antes e após adequação do meio bucal. Amostras de saliva de 30 gestantes (18 a 43 anos) que procuraram atendimento na Clínica de Odontologia Preventiva da FOAr-UNESP foram coletadas antes e após procedimentos de adequação do meio bucal, e examinadas para observação e contagem das UFCs de S. mutans. Foi demonstrado que houve diminuição na quantidade das UFCs (p<0,0001) entre as amostras. em relação à faixa etária, 70,0% das gestantes tinham entre 18 e 30 anos de idade e 30,0% pertenciam à faixa etária de 31 a 43 anos. Dados relativos ao período da gestação revelaram que 73,4% estavam no 2º trimestre e 13,3% estavam igualitariamente no 1º e 3º trimestres. A adequação do meio bucal se mostrou eficaz na diminuição das UFCs de S. mutans presentes na saliva de gestantes de alto risco de cárie. Este procedimento é simples e extremamente efetivo, atendendo às necessidades de tratamento básico de gestantes que procuram atendimento odontológico no serviço público de saúde.

Forced convection to laminar flow of liquid egg yolk in circular and annular ducts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ovarian development in Meliponine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): the effect of queen presence and food on worker ovary development and egg production

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic characterization of egg weight, egg production and age at first egg in quails

O objetivo neste estudo foi obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as características peso do ovo, produção de ovos em 189 dias de postura e dia do primeiro ovo em codornas de três linhagens de postura e uma de corte. Os dados foram analisados por meio de procedimentos bayesianos usando amostragem de Gibbs. As estimativas de herdabilidade para peso do ovo, produção de ovos em 189 dias de postura e dia do primeiro ovo foram, respectivamente, para a linhagem amarela, 0,31; 0,84 e 0,53; azul, 0,14; 0,82 e 0,60; vermelha, 0,70; 0,96 e 0,75; e de corte, 0,73; 0,96 e 0,72. As correlações genéticas entre peso do ovo e produção de ovos em 189 dias de postura, peso do ovo e dia do primeiro ovo e, produção de ovos em 189 dias de postura e dia do primeiro ovo foram, para amarela, 0,58; -0,77; e -0,90; azul, 0,09; -0,01; e -0,95; vermelha, 0,09; 0,03; e -0,76; e de corte, -0,18; 0,19 e -0,91. A partir das probabilidades de superposição das distribuições posteriories dos parâmetros, as linhagens dividem-se em dois grupos distintos: um com as linhagens amarela e azul e outro com as linhagens vermelha e de corte.

Continuous pasteurization of egg yolk: Thermophysical properties and process simulation

This article presents empirical correlations to predict the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and rheological power-law parameters of liquid egg yolk over a temperature range compatible with its industrial thermal processing (0-61 C). Moreover, a mathematical model for a pasteurizer that takes into account the spatial variation of the overall heat transfer coefficient throughout the plate heat exchanger is presented, as are two of its simplified forms. The obtained correlations of thermophysical properties are applied for the simulation of the egg yolk pasteurization, and the obtained temperature profiles are used for evaluating the extent of thermal inactivation. A detailed simulation example shows that there is a considerable deviation between the designed level of heat treatment and that this is predicted through process simulation. It is shown that a reliable mathematical model, combined with specialized thermophysical property correlations, provide a more accurate design of the pasteurization equipment that ensures effective inactivation, while preserving nutritional and sensorial characteristics.