Relação entre biomarcadores inflamatórios, de adesão celular, de estresse oxidativo, de lesão endotelial, remodelamento tecidual e vascular e os diferentes estágios da doença venosa crônica primária (classes clínicas CEAP C0a, C2, C3, C4)

A doença venosa crônica (DVC) é uma desordem complexa que compreende sinais e sintomas que variam das telangiectasias às úlceras ativas. A DVC é classificada de acordo com aspectos clínicos, etiológicos, anatômicos e fisiopatológicos (CEAP) em sete classes variando de C0 à C6. A principal causa da DVC é a hipertensão venosa que altera o fluxo venoso e, consequentemente, a força de cisalhamento que induz alterações fenotípicas nas células endoteliais que passam a expressar mediadores pró-inflamatórios e pró-trombóticos, que levam à adesão de leucócitos, ao aumento do estresse oxidativo, da permeabilidade vascular e do dano endotelial e ao remodelamento tecidual e vascular.Em virtude dos inúmeros mecanismos e da diversidade de moléculas envolvidas na patogênese e progressão da DVC, é essencial conhecer a interação entre elas e também saber quais são as moléculas (biomarcadores) que se correlacionam positivamente ou negativamente com a gravidade da doença. Foram avaliados os níveis de Interleucina-6 (IL-6), sL-selectina, sE-selectina, sP-selectina, molécula de adesão intercelular-1solúvel (sICAM-1), molécula de adesão das células vasculares-1 solúvel (sVCAM-1), ativador tecidual do plasminogênio (tPA), atividade do inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1), trombomodulina solúvel (sTM), fator de von Willebrand (vWF), metaloproteinase de matriz (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, inibidor tecidual das MMPs -1 (TIMP-1), angiopoietina-1 e -2, sTie-2 e s-Endoglina e fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) no sangue coletado da veia braquial de 173 mulheres com DVC primária divididas em grupos C2, C3, C4 e C4 menopausadas (C4m) e de 18 voluntárias saudáveis (grupo C0a). Foram também analisados os níveis urinários de ent-prostaglandina F2α nesses grupos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas com relação às concentrações sanguíneas e urinárias de sE-selectina, sP-selectina, sICAM-1, atividade de PAI-1, MMP-3, razão TIMP-1/MMP-3, angiopoietin-2, razão angiopoietina-1/angiopoietina-2, s-Endoglina e ent-prostaglandina F2α entre os grupos estudados, possivelmente devido à alta variabilidade na concentração desses biomarcadores entre as participantes do mesmo grupo. Entretanto, as concentrações sanguíneas de IL-6 sL-selectina, sVCAM-1, tPA, vWF, sTM, MMP2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, razão TIMP-1/MMP-2, razão TIMP-1/MMP-9, angiopoietina-1 e VEGF foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos. Não foi identificado nenhum biomarcador que se correlacionasse diretamente ou inversamente com a progressão da DVC, provavelmente devido à diversidade de fatores envolvidos e à complexa interação entre eles durante o curso da doença.

Alterações histopatológicas pancreáticas, placentárias e na matriz extracelular hipofisária durante a diabetes mellitus gestacional

A Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) pode ser definida como intolerância a carboidrato durante a gravidez e estima-se que pode afetar 10-22% de todas as pacientes grávidas. Durante a gravidez podem surgir diversas complicações para o feto como risco elevado de aborto espontâneo, anormalidades congênitas e morbidade e mortalidade neonatal. Entretanto, podem surgir também alterações morfofuncionais em diversos órgãos da mãe diabética, porém isso não é bem estabelecido. Investigar se haverá ou não alterações bioquímicas e histopatológicas em diversos órgãos, como hipófise, útero, placenta e pâncreas de ratas grávidas com diabetes mellitus durante e no final da gravidez e compará-las . Além disso, investigar se há alteração na matriz extracelular (MEC) da hipófise desses animais. No 5 dia de vida, ratas Wistar foram divididas em dois grupos: um tratado com estreptozotocina (Grupo Diabético / DIAB), na dose de 90 mg/kg, subcutâneo e outro grupo, que foi tratado com veículo (tampão citrato/CTR). Aos 90 dias de vidas, foram submetidas ao cruzamento. Após isso, foram sacrificadas no 11 e 21 dia de gravidez. Foram avaliados glicemia e bioquímica maternal e número de implantes .O pâncreas, útero, placenta e hipófises foram coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina e somente as hipófises foram coradas com Massom e Picrosirius, para avaliação da MEC.Os animais diabéticos tanto do 11 quanto do 21 dia apresentaram uma redução no número de implantes, menor peso e maior glicemia e colesterol total, em relação aos animais controle independente do dia da gravidez. Não foi verificada diferença dos níveis de triglicerídeos entre os grupos não diabéticos e diabéticos, independente dos dias. Entretanto, os animais diabéticos que finalizaram o período de gestação apresentaram uma maior glicemia maternal em relação ao grupo diabético do 11 dia. Pâncreas de ratas diabéticas do 21 dia apresentaram vacuolização intracitoplasmática das ilhotas, insulite,migração de células inflamatórias, espessamento da parede do vaso e fibrose periductal e vascular. Essas alterações foram verificadas com bem menor intensidade nos animais diabéticos do 11 dia. Foi verificado que a placenta de animais diabéticos apresenta congestão na interface materno-fetal, migração celular, maior concentração de vasos maternos e fetais, mas em forma irregular , necrose e vacuolização. A hipófise de animais diabéticos mostraram células cromófobas agregadas, aumento da espessura de fibras de colágeno vermelhas da MEC, em contraste com o controle, que foi visualizado fibras em verde e em formato de feixe. A diabetes desempenhou um total remodelamento da hipófise. Gravidez de animais diabeticos mostraram maior dano ao pâncreas e placenta, especialmente no final da gravidez. Em consequência dessa alterações, esses animais diabéticos apresentaram hiperglicemia, maior colesterol total, porém menor peso materno, número de implantes e sem alterações nos triglicerídeos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a demonstrar remodelamento tecidual em alguns elementos da MEC na hipófise, como espessamento da camada da MEC e fibras de colágeno em verde. Alterações da MEC da hipófise são provavelmente devido ao processo de diabetes na gestação.

Identificação de danos estruturais a partir do modelo de superfície de resposta

A identificação de danos estruturais é uma questão de fundamental importância na engenharia, visto que uma estrutura está sujeita a processos de deterioração e a ocorrência de danos durante a sua vida útil. A presença de danos compromete o desempenho e a integridade estrutural, podendo colocar vidas humanas em risco e resultam em perdas econômicas consideráveis. Técnicas de identificação de danos estruturais e monitoramento de estruturas fundamentadas no ajuste de um Modelo de Elementos Finitos (MEF) são constantes na literatura especializada. No entanto, a obtenção de um problema geralmente mal posto e o elevado custo computacional, inerente a essas técnicas, limitam ou até mesmo inviabilizam a sua aplicabilidade em estruturas que demandam um modelo de ordem elevada. Para contornar essas dificuldades, na formulação do problema de identificação de danos, pode-se utilizar o Modelo de Superfície de Reposta (MSR) em substituição a um MEF da estrutura. No presente trabalho, a identificação de danos estruturais considera o ajuste de um MSR da estrutura, objetivando-se a minimização de uma função de erro definida a partir das frequências naturais experimentais e das correspondentes frequências previstas pelo MSR. Estuda-se o problema de identificação de danos estruturais em uma viga de Euler-Bernoulli simplesmente apoiada, considerando as frequências naturais na formulação do problema inverso. O comportamento de uma viga de Euler-Bernoulli simplesmente apoiada na presença de danos é analisado, com intuito de se verificar as regiões onde a identificação dos mesmos pode apresentar maior dificuldade. No processo de identificação de danos, do presente trabalho, são avaliados os tipos de superfícies de resposta, após uma escolha apropriada do tipo de superfície de resposta a ser utilizado, determina-se a superfície de resposta considerando os dados experimentais selecionados a partir do projeto ótimo de experimentos. A utilização do método Evolução Diferencial (ED) no problema inverso de identificação de danos é considerado inerente aos resultados numéricos obtidos, a estratégia adotada mostrou-se capaz de localizar e quantificar os danos com elevada acurácia, mostrando a potencialidade do modelo de identificação de danos proposto.

Thermally-induced change in the relaxation behavior of skin tissue.

Skin biothermomechanics is highly interdisciplinary, involving bioheat transfer, burn damage, biomechanics, and physiology. Characterization of the thermomechanical behavior of skin tissue is of great importance and can contribute to a variety of medical applications. However, few quantitative studies have been conducted on the thermally-dependent mechanical properties of skin tissue. The aim of the present study is to experimentally examine the thermally-induced change in the relaxation behavior of skin tissue in both hyperthermal and hypothermic ranges. The results show that temperature has great influence on the stress-relaxation behavior of skin tissue under both hyperthermal and hypothermic temperatures; the quantitative relationship that has been found between temperature and the viscoelastic parameter (the elastic fraction or fractional energy dissipation) was temperature dependent, with greatest dissipation at high temperature levels.

I.小麦非叶器官碳酸酐酶活性与定位分析II.镉毒害导致芦苇胚性细胞死亡的激素调控研究

第一部分： 通过生理测定和化学染色分析了冬小麦品种小堰54和京411的叶片和非叶片组织的碳酸酐 酶活性。叶片碳酸酐酶活性(CA)在挑旗时期达到最大值，之后减少到最小，而在饱粒期又呈 增加趋势。从灌浆期到饱粒期，颖片和内稃的CA活性均减少，而外稃和种皮的CA活性均增加。在饱粒期，小堰54的叶片、颖片、外稃和种皮CA活性均高于京411。组织化学染色表明，CA主要分布在旗叶的叶肉细胞叶绿体中，也分布在非叶片组织颖片、外稃和内稃的叶肉和维管束鞘细胞的胞质中。这些结果表明，小麦非叶组织叶肉和维管束鞘细胞的胞质中的CA可能对饱粒期冬小麦的C4光合途径起作用。饱粒期小堰54的C02传递到Rubisco酶速率和抗旱性较京411高。 第二部分： 以继代培养的芦苇胚性细胞为材料，利用台盼兰拒染法检测了悬浮细胞死亡过程，并利用石蜡切片法及苏木精染色法观察了不同浓度镉对芦苇细胞的毒害作用。1000μM的CdCl2迅速导致芦苇悬浮细胞死亡，200μM的CdClz在接种后第5天引起悬浮细胞死亡，100μM的CdCl2在接种后第7天引起悬浮细胞死亡，≤50μM的CdClz在接种后7天不引起悬浮细胞死亡。同时对不同浓度镉处理的芦苇胚性细胞的内源植物激素和可溶性蛋白质进行分析，≤50μM的镉浓度显著地降低胚性细胞内IAA、ZR、GA3和GA4的含量，却提高ABA的含量，抑制可溶性蛋白质的合成：≥100μM的镉浓度显著地提高IAA、ZR、GA3和GA4的含量，却降低ABA的含量，促进可溶性蛋白质的合成。这些结果表明，镉的毒害至少包括镉浓度决定的两种细胞死亡机制，高浓度的镉(1000μM)引起的细胞死亡应当为坏死，而100μM的镉引起植物悬浮细胞发生程序性死亡。在较高浓度(≥100μM)的镉处理下，芦苇细胞内内源IAA、ZR、GA3和GA4的浓度较高，可能调控可溶性蛋白质的合成而促进细胞发生程序化死亡。

Camparaçāo entre os cruzeiros de investigaçāo realizados no Banco de Sofala pelo navio SRTM "Sebastopolsky rybak" em Setembro-Outubro e Novembro-Dezembro de 1982: camarao de [águas pouco profundas]

During the last 4 months of 1982, two research cruises had been carried out at the Sofala Bank by the SRTM "Sevastopolsky Rybak". The authors analyze and compare data on biological characteristics, sexual maturity and localization of Penaeus indicus and Metapenaeus monoceros.

Relatório do cruzeiro realizado no Banco de Sofala pelo navio SRTM "Sebastopolsky rybak" de Novembro a Dezembro de 1982: camarāo de águas pouco profundas

From November 18th to December 17th 1982, the SRTM "Sebastopolsky Rybak" carried out research cruises on the Sofala Bank in the area between 16°20'S and parallel 19°40'S. The authors analyze data collected on biological characteristics, sexual maturity and localization of Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus monoceros, Penaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus latisulcatus.

Influencing factors of successful transitions towards product-service systems: A simulation approach

Product-Service Systems (PSS) are new business strategies moving and extending the product value towards its functional usage and related required services. From a theoretical point of view the PSS concept is known since a decade and many Authors reported reasonable possible success factors: higher profits over the entire life-cycle, diminished environmental burden, and localization of required services. Nevertheless the PSS promises remain quantitatively unproven relaying on a simple theory that involves a few constructs with some empirical grounding, but that is limited by weak conceptualization, few propositions, and/or rough underlying theoretical logic. A plausible interpretation to analyze the possible evolution of a PSS strategy could be considering it as a new business proposition competing on a traditional Product-Oriented (PO) market, assumed at its own equilibrium state at a given time. The analysis of the dynamics associated to a possible transition from a traditional PO to a PSS strategy allows investigating the main parameters and variables influencing an eventual successful adoption. This research is worthwhile because organizations undergoing fundamental PSS strategy are concerned about change and inertia key processes which, despite equilibrium theory and because of negative feedback loops, could undermine, economically, the return of their PSS proposition. In this paper Authors propose a qualitative System Dynamics (SD) approach by considering the PSS as a perturbation of an existing PO market featured by a set of known parameters. The proposed model incorporates several PSS factors able to influence the success of a PSS proposition under a set of given and justified assumptions, attempting to place this business strategy in a dynamic framework.

Identification of Materials from Construction Site Images Using Content Based Image Retrieval Techniques

The capability to automatically identify shapes, objects and materials from the image content through direct and indirect methodologies has enabled the development of several civil engineering related applications that assist in the design, construction and maintenance of construction projects. Examples include surface cracks detection, assessment of fire-damaged mortar, fatigue evaluation of asphalt mixes, aggregate shape measurements, velocimentry, vehicles detection, pore size distribution in geotextiles, damage detection and others. This capability is a product of the technological breakthroughs in the area of Image and Video Processing that has allowed for the development of a large number of digital imaging applications in all industries ranging from the well established medical diagnostic tools (magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and nuclear medical imaging) to image searching mechanisms (image matching, content based image retrieval). Content based image retrieval techniques can also assist in the automated recognition of materials in construction site images and thus enable the development of reliable methods for image classification and retrieval. The amount of original imaging information produced yearly in the construction industry during the last decade has experienced a tremendous growth. Digital cameras and image databases are gradually replacing traditional photography while owners demand complete site photograph logs and engineers store thousands of images for each project to use in a number of construction management tasks. However, construction companies tend to store images without following any standardized indexing protocols, thus making the manual searching and retrieval a tedious and time-consuming effort. Alternatively, material and object identification techniques can be used for the development of automated, content based, construction site image retrieval methodology. These methods can utilize automatic material or object based indexing to remove the user from the time-consuming and tedious manual classification process. In this paper, a novel material identification methodology is presented. This method utilizes content based image retrieval concepts to match known material samples with material clusters within the image content. The results demonstrate the suitability of this methodology for construction site image retrieval purposes and reveal the capability of existing image processing technologies to accurately identify a wealth of materials from construction site images.

PROTON-IMPLANTED NEW TYPE SILICON MATERIAL SUBJECTED TO 2-STEP FURNACE ANNEALING

A high-resistivity defect layer buried beneath the silicon surface layer by using proton implantation and two-step conventional furnace annealing is described. During the first annealing step (600-degrees-C), implanted hydrogen atoms move towards the damage region and then coalesce into hydrogen gas bubbles at the residual defect layer. During the second annealing step (1180-degrees-C) these bubbles do not move due to their large volume. Structural defects are formed around the bubbles at a depth of approximately 0.5-mu-m. The defect layer results in a high resistivity value. Experiments show that the quality of the surface layer has been improved because the surface Hall mobility increased by 20%. The sample was investigated by transmission electron microscopy.

Thermally induced evolution of phase transformations in gas hydrate sediment

Thermally induced evolution of phase transformations is a basic physical-chemical process in the dissociation of gas hydrate in sediment (GHS). Heat transfer leads to the weakening of the bed soil and the simultaneous establishment of a time varying stress field accompanied by seepage of fluids and deformation of the soil. As a consequence, ground failure could occur causing engineering damage or/and environmental disaster. This paper presents a simplified analysis of the thermal process by assuming that thermal conduction can be decoupled from the flow and deformation process. It is further assumed that phase transformations take place instantaneously. Analytical and numerical results are given for several examples of simplified geometry. Experiments using Tetra-hydro-furan hydrate sediments were carried out in our laboratory to check the theory. By comparison, the theoretical, numerical and experimental results on the evolution of dissociation fronts and temperature in the sediment are found to be in good agreement.

面向目标跟踪的无线传感器网络部署与定位问题研究

微机电系统、先进传感器、无线通信及现代网络等技术的进步，推动了无线传感器网络的产生和发展。集数据采集、处理、无线传输等功能于一体的无线传感器网络扩展了人们的信息获取能力，将逻辑上的信息世界与真实物理世界融合在一起，将改变人类与物理世界的交互方式。 无线传感器网络具有许多挑战性的研究课题，其中部署与定位是无线传感器网络应用的基础问题。部署就是在一定区域内通过适当的策略放置传感器节点以满足某种特定需求，它决定了网络对目标的检测能力。定位在无线传感器网络中包括两层含义：节点定位和目标定位。节点定位是目标定位的前提，会影响目标跟踪的精度。论文面向应用于目标跟踪的无线传感器网络，围绕部署与定位问题展开研究。 论文分别综述了无线传感器网络部署问题、定位问题和目标跟踪问题的研究内容、评价标准、算法分类和研究现状。 从信息覆盖的角度研究满足给定指标的确定性部署问题，提出一种基于检测融合的确定性部署策略。首先采用奈曼-皮尔逊准则融合单元网格内所有传感器节点的检测信息，实现正方形和正三角形两种单元网格的高效覆盖。然后分别给出对应的监测区域网格划分方法，从而确定监测区域需要的传感器节点数量以及放置的具体位置。使用相同数量的传感器节点，基于检测融合的部署策略可以获得更大的覆盖范围，也就是在保证一定感知性能的情况下减少了成本。 针对无线电干涉定位系统的多径效应抑制问题，分别从理论和实验的角度分析多径效应对无线电干涉测距的影响，然后根据多径信号的物理特性，从理论上推导了镜反射的多径误差数学模型，在此基础之上进行无线电干涉定位系统的多径误差分析，讨论了衰减因子、传感器节点天线高度和水平距离等多径参数对多径误差的影响。通过仿真计算和分析可知，衰减因子对多径误差的大小起着决定性作用，而多径误差在定位空间上分布的复杂程度，随着天线高度的增加而增加，同衰减因子无关。 无线电干涉测距技术获取的干涉距离是两个发送节点和两个接收节点间距离的线性组合值。针对以节点间距离作为输入的传统定位算法，无法直接利用上述干涉距离进行定位的问题，提出一种基于改进粒子群优化的定位方法。借鉴遗传算法中变异的思想，在每次迭代时对更新过的粒子位置进行微扰，以维持种群的活性。利用干涉距离的实验数据，分析比较了遗传算法和改进粒子群优化在无线电干涉定位系统节点定位问题中的性能。实验结果表明，两种定位方法都能在有限的进化代数内找到节点坐标的近似值，但是基于改进粒子群优化的定位方法的平均耗费时间，远远小于基于遗传算法的定位方法，具有更高的优化效率。 针对具有簇-树型网络拓扑结构的无线传感器网络，首先给出集中式粒子滤波跟踪算法实现的具体步骤，然后提出两种分布式粒子滤波跟踪算法。综合考虑信息收益和参与协作的资源消耗，两种分布式算法分别采用不同的准则来选择参与跟踪的传感器节点。为了系统地比较跟踪算法的性能，给出跟踪精度、通信开销、能量开销和跟踪反应时间等各项指标的定义，进而构建了综合性能评价体系。通过仿真，量化比较了三种跟踪算法的性能。结果表明，两种分布式算法能够在损失很少跟踪精度的同时，大幅度减少通信开销、能量开销和跟踪反应时间。最后，仿真分析了传感器节点覆盖密度和检测阈值对跟踪算法性能的影响。 总之，论文对无线传感器网络的部署问题、定位问题和目标跟踪问题进行了研究和探讨，旨在对无线传感器网络的应用起到一定的促进作用。

冀东油田南堡滩海地区油气层损害机理与油气层保护方法研究及应用

Study and Application of Damage Mechanism and Protection Method of reservoir in Nanpu Shallow Beach Sea Area is one of the key research projects of Jidong Oilfield Company of PetroChina Company Limited from 2007 to 2008. Located at Nanpu Sag in Huanghua Depression of Bohaiwan Basin, Nanpu Shallow Beach Sea Area with 1000km2 exploration area posseses three sets, shallow Minghuazhen Formation and Guantao Formation of Upper Tertiary, middle-deep Dongying Formation of Lower Tertiary, deep Ordovician, of oil bearing series, according to the achievement of the connecting 3D seismic structure interpretation and the structural geological comprehensive research. Its main reservoir types include Upper Tertiary structural reservoir, Lower Tertiary structural and lithological-structural reservoir, and Ordovician ancient buried hill reservoir. How to protect reservoir, complete well and lift high efficiently is the key to realize high and stable yield of the oil wells during drilling, completing well, testing and repairing well. It is important for reservoir protecting during drilling that directly relate to efficient exploration. Therefore, beginning with basic characteristics and sensitive analysis of reservoir, study of reservoir damage machinism and analysis of reservoir damage potential factor are emphasized when prediction analysis about three-pressure profiles is carried out. The study both of physical and chemical properties and of the strata of the technology of borehole stabilization and reservoir protecting are outstanding. As the conclusions follow: （1）Based on the laboratory experiment about basalt cores, prediction of three- pressure profiles about 30 wells on No.1 and No.2 structure is practiced. The laws of plane pressure distribution are analyzed. （2）According to the analyses about reservoir feature data and about sensitivity evaluation to damage factor in Nanpu oil field, the scheme of reservoir protecting to the sand reservoir of Guantao Formation and the first section of Dongying Formation is put forward. （3）On basis of the analyses on lithological characteristics, mineral compositions, clay minerals, electrical behavior features, physical and chemical properties of basalt of Guantao formation in No.1 and No.2 structure, instability mechanism of basalt sidewall and technical countermeasures are obtained. （4）Aiming at the characteristics of Ordovician dissolution-pore fracture type carbonate reservoir, the scheme of the reservoir protecting to Ordovician is put forward. Creative study of the film forming and sealing and low invasion reservoir protection drilling fluid are successful. In summary, through the study of reservoir heterogeneity and sensitivity, a set of technology and schemes of reservoir protecting is put forward, which is adaptive during drilling the target bed in the research area and establishes the base for efficient exploration. Significant effect has showed in its application in Nanpu oil field.

锦屏电站地下厂房卸荷岩体参数研究

It is a basic work to ascertain the parameters of rock mass for evaluation about stability of the engineering. Anisotropism、inhomogeneity and discontinuity characters of the rock mass arise from the existing of the structural plane. Subjected to water、weathering effect、off-loading, mechanical characters of the rock mass are greatly different from rock itself, Determining mechanical parameters of the rock mass becomes so difficult because of structure effect、dimension effect、rheological character, ‘Can’t give a proper parameter’ becomes one of big problems for theoretic analysis and numerical simulation. With the increment of project scale, appraising the project rock mass and ascertaining the parameters of rock mass becomes more and more important and strict. Consequently, researching the parameters of rock mass has important theoretical significance and actual meaning. The Jin-ping hydroelectric station is the first highest hyperbolic arch dam in the world under construction, the height of the dam is about 305m, it is the biggest hydroelectric station at lower reaches of Yalong river. The length of underground factory building is 204.52m, the total height of it is 68.83m, the maximum of span clearance is 28.90m. Large-scale excavation in the underground factory of Jin-ping hydroelectric station has brought many kinds of destructive phenomenon, such as relaxation、spilling, providing a precious chance for study of unloading parameter about rock mass. As we all know, Southwest is the most important hydroelectric power base in China, the construction of the hydroelectric station mostly concentrate at high mountain and gorge area, basically and importantly, we must be familiar with the physical and mechanical character of the rock mass to guarantee to exploit safely、efficiently、quickly, in other words, we must understand the strength and deformation character of the rock mass. Based on enough fieldwork of geological investigation, we study the parameter of unloading rock mass on condition that we obtain abundant information, which is not only important for the construction of Jin-ping hydroelectric station, but also for the construction of other big hydroelectric station similar with Jin-ping. This paper adopt geological analysis、test data analysis、experience analysis、theory research and Artificial Neural Networks （ANN） brainpower analysis to evaluate the mechanical parameter, the major production is as follows: (1)Through the excavation of upper 5-layer of the underground powerhouse and the statistical classification of the main joints fractures exposed, We believe that there are three sets of joints, the first group is lay fracture, the second group and the fourth group are steep fracture. These provide a strong foundation for the following calculation of and analysis; (2)According to the in-situ measurement about sound wave velocity、displacement and anchor stress, we analyses the effects of rock unloading effect，the results show a obvious time-related character and localization features of rock deformation. We determine the depth of excavation unloading of underground factory wall based on this. Determining the rock mass parameters according to the measurement about sound wave velocity with characters of low- disturbing、dynamic on the spot, the result can really reflect the original state, this chapter approximately the mechanical parameters about rock mass at each unloading area; (3)Based on Hoek-Brown experienced formula with geological strength index GSI and RMR method to evaluate the mechanical parameters of different degree weathering and unloading rock mass about underground factory, Both of evaluation result are more satisfied; (4)From the perspective of far-field stress, based on the stress field distribution ideas of two-crack at any load conditions proposed by Fazil Erdogan (1962)，using the strain energy density factor criterion (S criterion) proposed by Xue changming(1972)，we establish the corresponding relationship between far-field stress and crack tip stress field, derive the integrated intensity criterion formula under the conditions of pure tensile stress among two line coplanar intermittent jointed rock，and establish the corresponding intensity criterion for the exploratory attempt; (5)With artificial neural network, the paper focuses on the mechanical parameters of rock mass that we concerned about and the whole process of prediction of deformation parameters, discusses the prospect of applying in assessment about the parameters of rock mass，and rely on the catalog information of underground powerhouse of Jinping I Hydropower Station, identifying the rock mechanics parameters intellectually，discusses the sample selection, network design, values of basic parameters and error analysis comprehensively. There is a certain significance for us to set up a set of parameters evaluation system，which is in construction of large-scale hydropower among a group of marble mass.

Computational modeling of defects in nanoscale device materials

This PhD thesis concerns the computational modeling of the electronic and atomic structure of point defects in technologically relevant materials. Identifying the atomistic origin of defects observed in the electrical characteristics of electronic devices has been a long-term goal of first-principles methods. First principles simulations are performed in this thesis, consisting of density functional theory (DFT) supplemented with many body perturbation theory (MBPT) methods, of native defects in bulk and slab models of In0.53Ga0.47As. The latter consist of (100) - oriented surfaces passivated with A12O3. Our results indicate that the experimentally extracted midgap interface state density (Dit) peaks are not the result of defects directly at the semiconductor/oxide interface, but originate from defects in a more bulk-like chemical environment. This conclusion is reached by considering the energy of charge transition levels for defects at the interface as a function of distance from the oxide. Our work provides insight into the types of defects responsible for the observed departure from ideal electrical behaviour in III-V metal-oxidesemiconductor (MOS) capacitors. In addition, the formation energetics and electron scattering properties of point defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied using DFT in conjunction with Green’s function based techniques. The latter are applied to evaluate the low-temperature, low-bias Landauer conductance spectrum from which mesoscopic transport properties such as the elastic mean free path and localization length of technologically relevant CNT sizes can be estimated from computationally tractable CNT models. Our calculations show that at CNT diameters pertinent to interconnect applications, the 555777 divacancy defect results in increased scattering and hence higher electrical resistance for electron transport near the Fermi level.