A construção de si pela atividade de trabalho: a socialização profissional

A sociologia funcionalista das profissões distingue dois tipos muito diferentes de atividades de trabalho: as profissões e as ocupações (ambas no sentido que os ingleses lhes dão). Como apenas as primeiras (a dos médicos, advogados, engenheiros, professores...) são consideradas escolhas e áreas autônomas que permitem a construção de uma carreira, as segundas (que constituem a maioria) acabam sendo desvalorizadas. Os sociólogos interacionistas (como os de Chicago: Hughes, Becker, Strauss etc.) e críticos (marxianos, weberianos etc.) contestam essa posição e consideram que todas as atividades de trabalho poderiam se tornar "profissionais" (no sentido francês), desde que resultassem de uma socialização que permitisse a aquisição de competências e o reconhecimento (inclusive monetário) de todos os que exercem e compartilham uma mesma atividade. A comparação da socialização de clínicos gerais e de auxiliares de enfermagem na França ilustra esta tese, ao tomar o trabalho como um processo de construção e de reconhecimento de si.

Melt variability in percolated peridotite: an experimental study applied to reactive migration of tholeiitic basalt in the upper mantle

Melt-rock reaction in the upper mantle is recorded in a variety of ultramafic rocks and is an important process in modifying melt composition on its way from the source region towards the surface. This experimental study evaluates the compositional variability of tholeiitic basalts upon reaction with depleted peridotite at uppermost-mantle conditions. Infiltration-reaction processes are simulated by employing a three-layered set-up: primitive basaltic powder ('melt layer') is overlain by a 'peridotite layer' and a layer of vitreous carbon spheres ('melt trap'). Melt from the melt layer is forced to move through the peridotite layer into the melt trap. Experiments were conducted at 0.65 and 0.8 GPa in the temperature range 1,170-1,290 degrees C. In this P-T range, representing conditions encountered in the transition zone (thermal boundary layer) between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere underneath oceanic spreading centres, the melt is subjected to fractionation, and the peridotite is partially melting (T (s) similar to 1,260 degrees C). The effect of reaction between melt and peridotite on the melt composition was investigated across each experimental charge. Quenched melts in the peridotite layers display larger compositional variations than melt layer glasses. A difference between glasses in the melt and peridotite layer becomes more important at decreasing temperature through a combination of enrichment in incompatible elements in the melt layer and less efficient diffusive equilibration in the melt phase. At 1,290A degrees C, preferential dissolution of pyroxenes enriches the melt in silica and dilutes it in incompatible elements. Moreover, liquids become increasingly enriched in Cr(2)O(3) at higher temperatures due to the dissolution of spinel. Silica contents of liquids decrease at 1,260 degrees C, whereas incompatible elements start to concentrate in the melt due to increasing levels of crystallization. At the lowest temperatures investigated, increasing alkali contents cause silica to increase as a consequence of reactive fractionation. Pervasive percolation of tholeiitic basalt through an upper-mantle thermal boundary layer can thus impose a high-Si 'low-pressure' signature on MORB. This could explain opx + plag enrichment in shallow plagioclase peridotites and prolonged formation of olivine gabbros.

Ya Adimou Chani ; Ya Adimou Chani (suite) / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc. voc. et perc.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Ya Adimou Chani ; El Hamed El Rab El Hanine / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Billah Ya Ziar ; Billah Ya Ziar (suite) / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Allah Ya Ramani ; Allah Ya Ramani (suite) / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc.voc et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Salouala Has Brouhi ; Salouala Has Brouhi (suite) / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Alyoum Has Brouhi ; Alyoum Has Brouhi (suite) / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Lailaha Ila Allah Adaien Rabi ; Lailaha Ila Allah Adaien Rabi (suite) / Si Mahmoud Hadjadji El Ouargli, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Ksida De Si Thami ; Aloichame / Thatha El Ralpya, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Chanson de Si Thami ; Azaque Najale / Chikha Zineb, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Moual Tziri ; El Abade de Si Thami / Chikha Zineb, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Tarchonnate Ben Ali ; Chanson de Si M'Barck Soussi / Chikha Zineb, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

L'Icare Sicilien, ou La cheute [sic] de Mazarin, avec sa Metamorphose, en vers burlesques : Où le Lecteur reconnoistra l'obligation que nous avons au defunct Cardinal de Richelieu, de nous avoir procuré un si bon Ministre.

[Mazarinade. 1652]