Avaliação do tempo e da concentração do condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico sobre a resistência de união entre cerâmica e cimento resinoso

The aim of this study was to verify through microtensile test the influence of time and concentration of surface conditioning with hydrofluoric acid and its interference in the adhesion of dual resin cement to porcelain.We used 32 bodies of glass-ceramic lithium disilicate system IPS e.max Press LT with dimensions of 6mm thick, 8 mm in length and 8 mm in length, which will be molded to obtain composite resin blocks corresponding to blocks ceramics. Ceramic and resin blocks were divided into 16 groups (n = 4) and numbered according to the concentration of hydrofluoric acid (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) and conditioning time (20 seconds, 40 seconds, 1 minute and 2 minutes). The blocks were cleaned in ultrasonic apparatus with distilled water and dried with compressed air, subjected to acid etching and air-jet washed with water, dried with compressed air and received application of silane agent Monobond-S, followed by adhesive Excite ( Ivoclar Vivaden). Each ceramic block was bonded to the corresponding block of resin through the resin cement Multilink Automix. The specimens were cut to obtain nine micro samples for each set of ceramic-resin with 1 mm X 1 mm X 12 mm in length, which were submitted to microtensile test. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with significance level of 5%, revealing that there were statistically significant (p = 0.000001 <0.05). From the Tukey test can be concluded that etching with hydrofluoric acid and 2.5% for 120 seconds gave the best bond strength, however, no statistical difference between the conditioning with the same acid in the concentration of 5.0% for 20 to 40 seconds

Efeito da concentração citostática de 5-fluorouracil sobre a imunogenicidade de células de câncer colorretal murino MC-38

A quimioterapia é o tratamento padrão para pacientes com os mais variados tipos de câncer, (sendo o 5 Fluorouracil -5Fu- a droga de escolha no caso do câncer colorretal) mas ela está associada a efeitos colaterais que podem ser muito severos. A exposição de células tumorais a agentes antineoplásicos, em dose baixa e não citotóxica, pode torná-las mais imunogênicas, enquanto que a exposição de células dendríticas (DC) a esses agentes antineoplásicos pode aumentar sua capacidade de induzir resposta antitumoral in vitro. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se o tratamento in vitro de células tumorais MC38 com 5-Fu (dose não citotóxica) pode induzir a expressão de moléculas que aumentem suas características imunogênicas, fazendo com que elas sejam mais facilmente identificadas pelo sistema imune. Para isso, camundongos da linhagem C57/Bl-6 foram inoculados subcutaneamente com células MC38 e sete dias depois foram vacinados com DC sensibilizadas com antígenos tumorais obtidos a partir da lise de células MC38 mantidas em cultura e previamente tratadas com 5-Fu, em dose não citotóxica (DC-5Fu), para que a performance das DC sensibilizadas pudesse ser comparada à performance das DC selvagens

Estudo de melhorias dos painéis de baixa tensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá - UNESP

The protection and distribution systems for the electrics equipments are really important for the safety of products, process and final users, for an enterprise or even for a residence. For that, it’s necessary the utilization of low voltage switchboards for controlling the feeding of a charge, avoiding any kind of abnormality that can eventually occur. It’s necessary to pay attention in the cubicles conditions, and always verify if they are in accordance to the norms of the product, verifying also any kind of physical damage for the operator and/or users. In this line, the present graduation work analyses the low voltage switchboards in the college, checking if they are attending the actual standards, suggesting some improvements and later making a simulation of the creation of a new panel that reach all the needing in substitution of this actual, through the software Simaris. Using the research and lecture of norms and regulations for verifying the problems, this way we could register the greatest acting failures. These actions are made for becoming aware to the university about the danger in using electrics equipments without a minimum degree of protection, allowed by the law, and attempting to the urgency in changing this fails

Desenvolvimento de um anteprojeto de um sistema de digitalização da proteção e controle aplicada a uma subestação elétrica industrial de alta tensão

The proposed of scanning of an electrical industrial substation HV is associated with a segment of the Electrotechnical area and aims the study and preliminary application of digital technologies in the protection, control, measurement and automation maneuvers aimed at a Industrial Electrical System typical High Voltage. Well intended to supervision, protection and control of major electrical and thermal quantities involved in a substation, such as voltage levels, current, temperature, power factor, loads of transformers and circuit feeders, status of interlocking devices, switching equipment maneuvers, etc

Tratamento da superfície do alumínio via eletrólise a plasma

This paper presents the study on the application of the electrolytic plasma for surface treatment of aluminum. A bibliographical study on the material of interest was preliminarily performed and later designed and built an electrolytic cell, including the excitation source. Unlike conventional electrolysis process, the plasma assisted carry on in the non-linear region of characteristic current/voltage curve. Therefore it requires for the on set of the process that the power supply operates on harder conditions than those on high current process. The plasma produced during the present investigation has temperatures in the range o 6,0.10 3 -7,0 .10 3 K, well above those found in conventional chemical process. It also shows a particular dynamic to promote changes on surface and to produce new materials. The plasma is generated by microdischarge in vapor or gas bubbles involved in physic-chemical processes in electrode regions of the electrolytic cell. The electrode material was the aluminum (7075). The Process Electrolytic Plasma Processing (EPP) is sensitive to various parameters such as operating voltage, current density, electrolyte, concentration of electrolyte, geometry of reactor, temperature of electrolytic solution and dynamic of the fluid in the cell. The experiments were carried on in order to find parameters for a stable abd steady operation. The choice for the electrolytic was silicate/alkali solution in various concentrations to operate in various voltage as well. Plasma was produced on negative (cathode) and positive (anode) electrode, in specific conditions. A stable operation on the cathode process was obtained with low concentration of the electrolytic in aqueous solution, current density around 250V effective voltage. For the evolution of plasma in anodic process it was required higher concentrations and higher... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Investigação do tratamento de água de máquina de lavar roupa empregando reator biológico, em escala piloto, visando redução da concentração de fósforo para reúso não potável

This research aims at the study of treatment of clothes washing water through biological treatment, for the purpose of evaluating the reduction of phosphorus to make it suitable for a posterior treatment of physical-chemical. For this purpose it was employed a sequencing batch reactor, consisting of aerobic and anaerobic phases. During the project it was verified not only the reduction of phosphorus (removal of 30 to 50%) but also the reduction of BOD, COD, Turbidity and Nitrate (removal of 38 to 36%, 34 to 41%, 72,3 to 75% and 57,8 to 60% respectively), which demonstrates that the proposed treatment can assist advanced treatments of water for its non potable reuse

Uso das técnicas de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) para avaliação de metais disponibilizados em passivos de mineração de Urânio

The objective of this work is to use the technique of diffusion by concentration gradient films (DGT) for evaluation of dissolved urano in hydro bodies. For this we chose this work as a systems investigation of water bodies in the region of Poços de Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, because, there is a large amount of mining of uranila. The technique to be used to evaluate the potential for dissolved metals analysis involves the use of passive samplers with application in in situ. This allows detection with excellent sensitivity and selectivity allowing the determination of the labile fraction of dissolved metals

Determinação de complexos de urânio em solo usando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

This paper proposes to assess the lability of complexes of uranium in soil using the technique of Diffusion in Thin Films by concentration gradients (DGT) in the vicinity the Osamu Utsumi mine, located in the municipality of Caldas - MG. The technique is based on the 1ª Fick Law, where metal complexes diffuse through a gel, which in turn is adsorbed on a resin. The metals adsorbed are recovered by an analytical technique and quantified by optical emission spectrometer with plasma inductively coupled (ICP-OES) or mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS)

Determinação de Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em águas marinhas oriundas da Bacia Potiguar utilizando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R²=0.9586, R: R²=0.9444), Ni (D: R²=0.9789, R: R²=0.9286) and Cu (D: R²=0.764, R: R²=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R²=0.9228) and Cd (R²=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

Estudo da concentração de material particulado em ambientes internos e externos de bibliotecas

Our twenty-first century society and the rhythm of life and work we have to face in our daily routine compel us to spend most of our lifetime in closed environments, in our houses, educational institutions, hospitals, airports, amongst as many others. The study of the air quality in internal environments (IAQ) is very important for monitoring people’s health effects and their environmental comfort in these locations. One essential parameter to analyze this measure is to evaluate the concentration of dispersed particulates in the air, specially focusing on those thinner particles (below the diameter of 2,5 μm), they can pose serious risks for human being because they can remain in the lungs, penetrate through the pores of our skin, amongst other harmful effects on human’s health. In this work the air quality inside the public library Profª Josina Vasques Ferrari and at Unesp public state library was evaluated, both located in Itapeva, as well as a third one, inside the Communitarian Library of the Federal University in Carlos (UFSCar) from march to may in 2012. In those environments it was analyzed if the concentration of particulates pose any real treat to the users. The equipment used for particle sampling in real time was DataRam 4 (Model DR 4000). The results given for those concentrations of particulates in both internal and external environments revealed figures within the safe standard established by the WHO (World Health Organization), from 25 to μg/m³, the only exception occurred on the fifth floor of the UFSCar library, where the average for concentration stayed at 25,30 of μg/m³

Avaliação de concentração de citocinas no soro de pacientes portadoras de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau, lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau e carcinoma cervical invasor

A infecção genital por Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é uma das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), de origem viral, mais prevalente no mundo. As lesões intraepiteliais escamosas de baixo grau (LIEBG) e de alto grau (LIEAG), assim como carcinoma cervical invasor (CCI), estão associadas à presença do HPV. A resposta imune tem papel importante na infecção pelo HPV na cérvice uterina, sendo as citocinas importantes reguladoras da transcrição viral. Avaliar a concentração de IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ e TNF-α no soro de mulheres portadoras de LIEBG, LIEAG e CCI. Foram incluídas no estudo 40 mulheres com diagnóstico histopatológico de LIEBG (n=11), LIEAG (n=10), CCI (n=10) e 9 mulheres com suspeita de doença HPV induzida, mas sem alterações histopatológicas na biópsia do colo do útero (controle), atendidas no Ambulatório de Colposcopia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP) e no Ambulatório de Ginecologia Preventiva do Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Jaú, SP. O sangue periférico foi colhido por punção venosa e o soro armazenado até o processamento. A dosagem das citocinas no soro foi avaliada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). A pesquisa de HPV foi realizada empregando-se a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos por entrevista no momento da consulta ginecológica. A mediana de idade das pacientes do grupo controle, LIEBG, LIEAG, e CCI foi de 38 (21-69), 32,5 (17-51), 39 (23-65) e 51,5 (29-72), respectivamente. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante de mediana de idade das pacientes do grupo CCI quando esta foi comparada com os demais grupos. Em relação às características das pacientes, 76% eram brancas, 68% relataram união estável, 31% concluíram o 2º grau, 42% eram fumantes, 37% das mulheres relataram 3 ou mais parceiros sexuais durante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Geração de energia elétrica a partir da concentração solar

The current world's need for clean and renewable energy sources aligned with the strong Brazilian growth looking to diversify its electric power generation sources, highly dependent on hydropower and petroleum encourages the implementation of technologies that reach this growth with diversity and cleaning. The sun energy source is considered inexhaustible and can meet the demand for energy through thermo solar plants to generate electricity. Several technologies are being studied and developed in the world and they can be used to generate electricity from the solar concentration, but in Brazil its use is still not found commercially. It is therefore essential to understand these technologies and develop knowledge about them so they can be implemented in Brazil. This work brings an overview of the thermo solar generation in Brazil, showing the different technologies and a thermodynamic simulation of one of such technologies considering a hybrid plant with complementary generation biomass, aiming at the generation of 1 MW in the Brazilian Northeast

Análise da influência da concentração de feixeis de fibras de bambu em ensaios de piso

Bamboo has one of the highest growth rates among plants, however, its lignifications (which confers resistance) takes around a few years and, therefore, certain physical characteristics and mechanical, that depend on this process will only be acquired between the three to six years old. In addition, bamboo also has significant density variations in different parts of the stem, both in the radial direction as the axial. In particular the radial direction, where the density found in the inner and outer (near the bark) of a single stem can range on average from 0.5 to 0.9 g/cm3. Thus, the application of bamboo as a floor, there to examine whether both sides of the bamboo (internal and external), provide resistance properties required for that purpose. In this study sought to characterize and quantify the influence of the concentration of fiber bundles in the inner and outer sides of rules or bamboo strips of bamboo flooring through testing service. Analyses performed were based on ASTM D 2394- 83 for wooden floors and derivatives. This was necessary because of the absence of a specific prohibition of the use and testing of floors made of bamboo and its products. The data were analyzed by ball indentation test shooting, test for resistance to abrasion, indentation test for stress / load treadmill test and by indentation loads applied to small areas - test the jump. The results of the tests were extremely friendly bamboo, even this presents considerable differences between the resistances obtained from assay of the cover of the inner and outer face, being comparable with those of many commonly used to manufacture wood flooring. This comparison was made possible by information from technical trials of several floors made with wood

Avaliação da membrana de troca aniônica DE 81 como ligante ba técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradientes de concentração (DGT) para a determinação de Cromo VI

It is known that there is a wide variety of bioavailable trace metals in aquatic systems, and its determination is fundamental to predict impacts to organisms in these environments. However, the determination of the total concentration of chemicals in aquatic systems, despite its importance, does not provide necessary information for decision making or even may lead to misinterpretation of the procedures and potential risks to the system in question. This study aimed to use the technique of diffusion in thin films by concentration gradients (DGT) to evaluate the anion exchange membrane Whatman DE 81 as binder alternative in determining Cr (VI). Experiments were carried out to determine the diffusion coefficients for the material used diffusion (agarose gel). The behaviors of the binders were analyzed before the main variables of the systems, immersion time, pH and ionic strength. Then was made the assessment of potential interferences, to finally proceed with testing using actual samples in the laboratory and in situ

Avaliação da membrana P81 como agente ligante da técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) para determinação de mercúrio em sistemas aquáticos

Worldwide environmental degradation is an undesirable byproduct resulting from the increasing demand for natural resources. Water sources are suffering intense contamination since they usually receive a huge amount of domestic and industrial effluents - which are mostly wasted without proper treatment - inserting a large number of pollutants in the environment, heavy metals included. Mercury holds great toxicological importance because, under some physicochemical conditions in a water environment, Hg (II) ion turns into methylated compounds stemming from this element, such as methylmercury CH3Hg, which is highly toxic for the aquatic community in which bioaccumulation occurs. Nowadays passive sampling techniques are being developed to enable the analytical procedures which are applied in environmental monitoring. Diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT) has been proven an interesting tool for the determination of labile metal species due to its in situ application. The DGT technique consists of a piston-like device on which the following series of agents is disposed: a binding agent (conventionally Chelex 100 resin), a diffusive agent, usually a polyacrylamide gel, and a membrane filter. Nevertheless, the agents conventinally used for this technique don't usually show satisfactory results in mercury sampling. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the phosphate-treated cellulose membrane (Whatman P 81), an alternative material, as binding agent in the DGT to determine labile mercury fractions in aquatic systems. In this context, we conducted a study of the behavior of this material in relation with system variables, pH and ionic strength. Afterwards we performed immersions of the DGT devices in real and enriched samples and in situ aiming the determination of mercury