Análise da diversidade microbiana em infecções endodônticas persistentes

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a microbiota de canais radiculares relacionadas ao insucesso do tratamento endodôntico, buscando a identificação e a quantificação destes micro-organismos. Foram selecionados 36 dentes com infecção endodôntica persistente. O material obturador foi removido do canal radicular e amostras microbiológicas foram coletadas dos canais com o auxílio de limas tipo Hedströen e cones de papel absorvente estéril. A técnica do Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization foi utilizada para detecção de até 79 espécies bacterianas em cada amostra, utilizando sondas de DNA específicas. Os dados microbiológicos foram expressos em percentagem média (prevalência), proporção e nível médio de cada espécie em cada amostra. Os testes t independente e de correlação de Pearson foram usados para correlacionar a contagem das bactérias testadas com os dados clínicos (p≤ 0,05). Foi encontrada uma média de 11 espécies por amostra. E. faecium (36%), S. epidermidis (36%), E. saburreum (28%), P. micra (28%), S. sanguis (28%), C. sputigena (28%), L. buccalis (28%), E. faecalis (28%) e S. warneri (28%) foram as espécies mais prevalentes, e as espécies encontradas em níveis médios mais altos foram E. faecium, D. pneumosintes, S. epidermidis, H. pylori e C. sputigena. T. socranskii (3%), F. periodonticum (3%), C. gingivalis (3%), S. ixodetis (3%) apresentaram prevalências mais baixas. E. faecium e S. epidermidis apresentaram os maiores valores de prevalência, níveis médios e proporção. Não houve correlação entre a microbiota detectada nas amostras com os sinais e sintomas clínicos apresentados pelos pacientes, porém nas lesões periapicais de maior área foi detectada contagem significativamente maior de bacilos e espécies Gram-negativas (p<0,05). Baseado nos resultados obtidos é possível concluir que a microbiota presente em dentes com periodontite apical persistente possui perfil misto e complexo, e que uma maior área de lesão perirradicular pode estar associada a contagem elevada de bacilos e de espécies Gram-negativas.

Evidências de necessidades de autocuidado de militares com hipertensão arterial sistêmica da Marinha do Brasil: contribuição da Enfermagem

Este estudo refere-se às evidências de necessidades de autocuidado de militares com hipertensão sistêmica da Marinha do Brasil. A hipertensão arterial é uma das doenças crônicas mais frequentes, de maior prevalência no mundo e a sua evolução leva a complicações que comprometem todos os sistemas orgânicos. Neste sentido o problema apresentado é: como se caracterizam as necessidades de autocuidado de militares hipertensos da Marinha do Brasil. Para tanto, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi: Discutir as necessidades de cuidado no processo saúde/adoecimento do militar da Marinha do Brasil e os objetivos específicos: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e de autocuidado dos militares atendidos no ambulatório de cardiologia do HNMD; Identificar através dos depoimentos dos militares, as necessidades de autocuidado e; Propor estratégias de autocuidado em saúde aos militares. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o Modelo de Promoção de Saúde de Nola J Pender. Trata-se de um estudo misto de caráter exploratório e descritivo, realizado no ambulatório de Cardiologia do Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de julho a agosto de 2014. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 20 militares hipertensos da Marinha do Brasil com idade acima dos 25 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, em seguida, submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergindo três categorias e subcategorias assim denominadas: Primeira: Evidências de necessidades de autocuidado. Segunda: Identificação situacional da saúde dos militares com a subcategoria: A experiência do autocuidado para o militar com HAS. Terceira: Interesse pelo autocuidado com duas subcategorias: Interesse pelo aprendizado e Estratégias para o aprendizado do autocuidado. O perfil dos participantes caracterizou-se da seguinte maneira: Dos 20 militares, 19 são homens e 1 mulher, sendo 3 da ativa e 17 da reserva, a maioria são casados, idosos, de etnia parda e crença religiosa cristã, possuem ensino médio completo, com remuneração acima de 4 salários mínimos, residindo em local com saneamento básico. Quanto ao autocuidado referido pelos participantes: a maioria controla o uso de sal, ingesta hídrica adequada, utilizam alimentação balanceada, praticam algum tipo de exercício diário, a maioria referiu uso regular de anti-hipertensivos, e procura pelos serviços de saúde, quando necessário. Conclui-se que apesar do autocuidado referido, estes estão aquém às necessidades de saúde e não atendem às demandas de autocuidado necessária à manutenção da vida. Apesar de diversos fatores contribuírem para desmotivar os militares em relação ao autocuidado, eles apresentam interesse em aprender novas tecnologias de cuidar para adequação de sua saúde atual e melhora da qualidade de vida. Para atender às necessidades de autocuidado identificadas, sugere-se planejamento das ações estratégicas de promoção à saúde conjunta, com a equipe multiprofissional, instituindo a consulta de enfermagem, avaliação do autocuidado, prevenção dos fatores de risco e acompanhamento regular para análise das mudanças efetivas dos hábitos de vida saudáveis.

Medida de porosidade em SiC através de processamento digital de imagens.

Esforços constantes de pesquisa têm sido conduzidos na seleção de materiais, combinando propriedades de interesse (mecânicas, químicas, elétricas ou térmicas), versatilidade de uso, tempo de vida útil elevado e baixo custo de produção. A busca por materiais de elevado desempenho mecânico despertou grande interesse na pesquisa e desenvolvimento dos cerâmicos avançados com aplicações estruturais e funcionais, como o carbeto de silício. Entretanto, a porosidade ainda é vista como fator limitador do alto desempenho destes materiais visto que, acima de determinada porcentagem, reduz largamente sua resistência mecânica. Seu controle atualmente é realizado através de técnicas de alto custo, com a utilização de tomógrafos. Este trabalho buscou validar uma nova técnica, onde a porosidade foi avaliada através de processamento digital de imagens de microscopia ótica do material previamente lixado e polido em diversas profundidades, com controle dos parâmetros de lixamento e polimento. Esta nova metodologia mostrou-se apropriada e menos dispendiosa para a quantificação da porosidade do carbeto de silício, tendo sido validada para o estudo deste material.

Evidence from the Pacific Northwest for solar modulation of climate and of northern ecosystems

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): The 250-year net annual snow accumulation, or mass balance, time series derived from the Mt. Logan (Yukon) ice core has been spectrally analyzed and is found to contain a nominal 11-year waveform. The stable isotope time series contains a significant amount of power between 9 and 13 years, although this record is evidently not a straightforward proxy for air temperatures. The signal in the mass balance time series exhibits a close relationship with the sunspot cycle waveform and is, therefore, assumed to be related to it. Waveforms showing a high correlation with the solar cycle are found in other climate data in the region. ... Taken collectively, the data point to a link between solar variability, atmospheric variability, climate, and selected ecological dynamics in the Pacific Northwest, but other data, not presented, indicate these relationships may hold elsewhere. So far, the evidence is empirical; complete details of the physical mechanisms involved have yet to be synthesized in a satisfactory way.

Prawn fishing by M.F.V. Jheenga in Bombay waters

The design and construction of the motor fishing vessel Jheenga of the Deep Sea Fishing Station of the Government of India, Bombay, the areas covered and the gear used by her in 1959-63 are described. The prawn catches in relation to the total catches, and their catch rates in different months in area 18-72 in Bombay region which was fished continuously during the five years period have been studied with a view to ascertaining their seasonal abundance. The results indicate the availability of the prawns in the region for the major part of the year from March to October-November. High catches with high catch rates forming high percentage of their abundance in total catches are obtained in July to October.

Operatives training programmes in India

During the last few years great changes have taken place in the fishing industry as a result of which production of fish in the world has increased enormously. From an insignificant trade employing tools and methods of primitive nature, fishing in many countries has become an important industry utilizing complex modern vessels equipped with electronic equipment and operating in the high seas with highly mechanized fishing gear.

On the production and nutritive value of fish meal from Silver belly (Leiognathus spp.) landings at Rameswaram

Silver belly (Leiognathus Spp.) forms a major fishery in recent years in the Rameswaram island but fetches for the fishermen very low prices ranging from Rs. 0.03 to 0.12/Kg only, there being practically no demand for the fish. The possibilities of utilizing this cheap fish are discussed and the processing method described. During the glut season the cost of production of Silver belly fish meal works out to competitive prices of Rs. 500 to 700/ton. The silver belly fish meal is of high quality with good protein content averaging 57.71% in commercial samples and 61.90% in laboratory samples and with a high pepsin digestibility of 90.0% to 92.5%. The essential amino acid composition of the Silver belly fish meal compares very favorably with other round fish meals, with high contents of lysine, leucine, arginine, isoleucine, methionine, phenyl alanine, threonine and valine. Since there is good demand for fish meal as poultry and cattle food both in the internal and external markets, there is good scope for large scale production and sale of fish meal.

Annual Report of the East African Agricultural and Fisheries Research Council, 1961

In June, 1961, discussions were held in London to consider the future of the East Africa High Commission Services. It was agreed that the functions of the East Africa High Commission, with the exception of Defence, should be transfered to the East African Common Services Organization, which was subsequently established on 9th December, 1961, on the achievement of independence by Tanganyika. The Common Services Organization is controlled by an Authority, consisting of the principal elected Minister in each of the East African territories, which is responsible for the overall policy and direction of the Organization. The Authority is assisted by four Ministerial Committees, of which one is responsible for the Social and Research Services of the Organization

Characterization and cloning of a novel phospholipase A(2) from the venom of Trimeresurus jerdonii snake

A phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) called jerdoxin, was isolated from Trimeresurus jerdonni snake venom and partially characterized. The protein was purified by three chromatographic steps. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol showed that it had a molecular mass of 15 kDa. Jerdoxin had an enzymatic activity of 39.4 mumol/min/mg towards egg yolk phosphatidyl choline (PC). It induced edema in the footpads of mice. In addition, jerdoxin exhibited indirect hemolytic activity. About 97% hemolysis was observed when 2 mug/ml enzyme was incubated for 90 min in the presence of PC and Ca2+. No detectable hemolysis was noticed when PC was not added. Ca2+ was necessary for jerdoxin to exert its hemolytic activity, since only 52% hemolysis was seen when Ca2+ was absent in the reaction mixture. Furthermore, jerdoxin inhibited ADP induced rabbit platelet aggregation and the inhibition was dose dependent with an IC50 of 1.0 muM. The complete amino acid sequence of jerdoxin deduced from cDNA sequence shared high homology with other snake venom PLA(2)s, especially the D49 PLA(2)s. Also, the residues concerned to Ca2+ binding were conserved. This is the first report of cDNA sequence of T jerdonii venom PLA(2). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purification, characterization and biological activity of an L-amino acid oxidase from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom

An L-amino acid oxidase (TM-LAO) from the venom of Hunan Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus was purified to homogenicity by three steps including DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and Resourse Q ion-exchange chromatography. TM-LAO is composed of two identical subunits with a molecular weight of 55 kD by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was different with that of LAO purified from the same species distributed in Taiwan that was 70 kD. The 24 N-terminal ammo acid sequence of TM-LAO is ADNKNPLEECFRETNYEEFLEIAR, which shares high similarity with other Viperid snake venom LAOs and has moderate similarity with Elapid snake venom LAOs. Further studies found that TM-LAO inhibited the growth of E. colt, S. aurues and B. dysenteriae. TM-LAO also showed cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation activity. All the biological activities were eliminated by catalase, a H2O2 scavenger. It shows that these biological effects are possibly due to the formation of H2O2 produced by TM-LAO.

Biology and farming of the green mussel Mytilus smaragdinus

Biological investigations were carried out in Sapian Bay, Capiz from November 1975 to December 1976 with samplings conducted fortnightly. Histological studies on the gonad reveal a high percentage of ripe and spent females during the month of April and May, and ripe to near ripe during November to December. However, larval counts were highest on February 25, 1976 with 253 mytilid larvae per haul compared to 0-79 per haul during all other months. The high larval count was followed by the highest spat settlement during the next sampling period two weeks later, with the spat collector set in the water during the February 25 sampling. The four materials tested, blue polypropylene fiber rope, black polypropylene fiber, and coir rope, all had their highest spat counts during this period with an average of 471 spats per standard 10 cm rope piece. The range during the other time periods is 2-283 spats. Of the 4 materials tested, the black fibrillated polypropylene film had the highest larval counts in 15 out of a total of 25 sampling periods. The blue rope was the poorest spat collector. Coconut husk was tested later on and it proved to have a very high catchability, with spats completely enveloping the husk surface. Growth monitored from one cohort in Sapian Bay averaged 10 mm per month. 50-60 mm is considered marketable size. Trial growth experiments with transplanted mussels were also conducted at Igang Bay in Guimaras Island, Makato River in Aklan, and a milkfish pond in Leganes, Iloilo. Survival in Igang was less than 50% after the second week, and the condition of the surviving mussels can be described only as 'watery' with the mantle completely transparent. Mortality was minimal in Makato but the growth rate was only 30% that of Sapian Bay. The pond experiments were terminated due to severe crab predation.

Viability of Penaeus monodon eggs after simulated transport conditions

P. monodon spawners, transported from maturation pens suffer from stress which in turn may lead to lowered spawning rate or fertility. Spawning the females in the maturation site and transporting the eggs to the hatchery site is being considered as an alternative. Egg transport costs may be reduced to a minimum by using eggs from ablated spawners, transported at high density with no aeration. Experiments on higher egg densities as well as on transport of nauplii should, however, be undertaken.

Seasonal variations in the activity budget of Nomascus concolor jingdongensis at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China: Effects of diet and temperature

We studied seasonal variation in the activity budget of a habituated group of Nomascus concolor jingdongensis at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China from March 2005 to April 2006 via scan sampling at 5-min intervals. The study site is near the northern extreme of the distribution of hylobatids, at high altitude with extreme seasonality of temperature and rainfall. During the day, feeding manifested a bimodal pattern of high activity levels in mid-morning and mid-afternoon, whereas resting reached a peak at midday, with proportionally less time used for traveling. Annually, the group spent an average of 40.0% of the time resting, 35.1% feeding, 19.9% traveling, 2.6% singing, 1.2% playing, and 1.3% in other activities. The proportion of time allocated to activities showed significant monthly variations and was influenced by the diet and temperature. Gibbons increased traveling and playing time and decreased feeding time when they ate more fruit, and they decreased traveling, singing, and playing time and increased feeding time when they ate more leaves. Moreover, when the temperature was low, the gibbons decreased time traveling and increased time resting. In summary, black-crested gibbons employed high-effort activities when they ate more fruit and energy-conservation patterns when they ate more leaves and in low temperature. Behavioral data from the site are particularly useful in understanding gibbon behavioral adaptations to different sets of ecological conditions.

Characterization of a new bradykinin-potentiating peptide (TmF) from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus

A novel bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP), designated as TmF, has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus by 70% cold methanol extraction, Sephadex G-15 gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The amino acid sequence of TmF was determined to be pGlu-Gly-Arg-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Pro-Ile-Pro-Pro (pGlu denotes pyroglutamic acid), which shared high homology with other BPPs. The molecular mass of TmF was 1.1107 kD as determinated by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which was in accordance with the calculated value of 1.1106 kD. The potentiating "unit" of TmF to bradykinin-induced (BK-induced) contraction on the guinea-pig ileum in vitro was (1.13 +/- 0.3) unit (mg/L), and TmF (5.0 x 10(-4) mg/kg) increased the pressure-lowering-effect of bradykinin (5.0 x 10(-5) mg/kg) with approximate descent value of (14 +/- 2) mmHg. In addition, TmF inhibited the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin 11, 2 x 10(-3) mg of TmF caused 50% inhibition (IC50) of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) hydrolyzing activity to bradykinin.

Creep and oxygen diffusion in magnetite

The creep rate of polycrystalline Fe3O4 has been measured as a fonction of stress and oxygen partial pressure in the temperature range 480-1100°C. A regime of power law creep is found at high stress, with a stress exponent of ≈- 3.1 and an activation energy of 264 kJ/mol. A regime of diffusional flow is found at lower stresses and is interpreted as Nabarro-Herring creep. The data for the two regimes are combined to deduce an oxygen diffusion coefficient of ≈-10-5 exp(-264 kJ/mol/RT) m2s-1, with oxygen vacancies suggested as the mobile species. © 1990.