Självupplevd oral hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt - en fall/kontroll studie

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det förekommer skillnader i upplevelsen av oral hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt jämfört med personer som inte har haft hjärtinfarkt.Studien genomfördes under åren 2001-2002 och alla personer som sökte vård vid ett mellanstort sjukhus i södra Sverige med diagnosen akut hjärtinfarkt och som överlevt infarkten inkluderades i studien. Kontrollgruppen bestod av vänner (n=69) till personerna som hade överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt samt personer (n=90) från en tidigare undersökning från samma sjukhus och som överensstämde i kön, ålder, socioekonomisk bakgrund och rökstatus. Totalt deltog 154 personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt och 159 personer i kontrollgruppen.Mätinstrumentet som användes i studien var Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), vilket är ett frågeformulär för att mäta självupplevd munhälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Formuläret ger mått på dysfunktion, obehag och funktionshinder relaterade till munhålan. OHIP består av 49 frågor, fördelade över sju dimensioner: funktionsbegränsningar, fysisk smärta, psykiska problem, fysisk oförmåga, psykisk oförmåga, social oförmåga och handikapp.Resultatet visar att inga statistiskt säkerställda skillnader fanns mellan de personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt och kontrollgruppen i de sju dimensionerna i OHIP. Det var få personer som upplevde besvär från munhålan som påverkade deras livskvalitet i båda grupperna. I denna studie framkom endast en statistisk säkerställd skillnad mellan de undersökta grupperna i påståendet att de upplevde att mat fastnat mellan tänderna (p-värde 0.024), vilket kan tyda på att användbarheten för OHIP är litet på denna patientgruppen. Fler studier krävs för att undersöka skillnader i upplevelsen av oral hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt jämfört med personer som inte har haft hjärtinfarkt.

Redesign av Vagabonds guideboksserieThe travelguides of Vagabond - Redesign

Todays travel trends go towards independence and self planning. If you need advice or help when performing your trip, there are several different series of guidebooks on the market and one of these series comes from the travel magazine Vagabond. This degree project concerns the redesigning of the travelguides of Vagabond, or to be precise: their cityguide over Istanbul. The purpose of the new design is to assure the resemblance between the guidebook and the magazine, as wanted by the Art Director of Vagabond Angelica Zander.Prior to the redesigning process preliminary studies that make up the fundamental ideas were made. Three other big titles of guidebooks on the market were analyzed, and in addition a great deal of focus – considering the final purpose – was put on the concept of magazine design. Some color psychology has also been studied to make out what a difference color makes in printed media and what power color can contribute with, when delivering the message. Finally redesign as a concept has been investigated to clarify why the way of expression should be renewed from time to time.The result is presented as spread examples from the cityguide over Istanbul. The new design is applied on the existing content and the result is supposed to appear as a miniature magazine.

IT support for administrative planning of clinical practice.

The administration of clinical practice placements for nursing students is a highly complex and information driven task. This demonstration is intended to give insight into the web based system KliPP (a Swedish acronym for Clinical Practice Planning) and to discuss the possibilities for further development and use.

Health and quality of care from older peoples' and formal caregivers' perspective

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper understanding of older people's view of health and care while dependent on community care. Furthermore to describe and compare formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care, working conditions, competence, general health, and factors associated with quality of care from the caregivers' perspective. Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 older people in community care who were asked to describe what health and ill health((I), good and bad care meant for them (II). Data were analyzed using content analysis (I) and a phenomenological analysis (II). The formal caregivers; 70 nursing assistants (NAs) 163 enrolled nurses (ENs) and 198 registered nurses (RNs), answered a questionnaire consisting of five instruments: quality of care from the patient's perspective modified to formal caregivers, creative climate questionnaire, stress of conscience, health index, sense of coherence and items on education and competence (III). Statistical analyses were performed containing descriptive statistics, and comparisons between the occupational groups were made using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson's Chi-square test (III). Pearson's  product moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed studying the associations between organizational climate, stress of conscience, competence, general health and sense of coherence with quality of care (IV). Results: The older people's health and well-being were related to their own ability to adapt to and compensate for their disabilities and was described as negative and positive poles of autonomy vs. dependence, togetherness vs. being an onlooker, security vs. insecurity and tranquility vs. disturbance (I).  The meaning of good care (II) was that the formal caregivers respected the older people as unique individuals, having the opportunity to live their lives as usual and receiving a safe and secure care. Good care could be experienced when the formal caregivers had adequate knowledge and competence in caring for older people, adequate time and continuity in the care organization (II). Formal caregivers reported higher perceived quality of care in the dimensions medical-technical competence and physical-technical conditions than in identity-oriented approach and socio-cultural atmosphere (III). In the organizational climate three of the dimensions were close to the value of a creative climate and in seven near a stagnant climate. The formal caregivers reported low rate of stress of conscience. The RNs reported to a higher degree than the NAs/ENs a need to gain more knowledge, but the NAs and the ENs more often received training during working hours. The RNs reported lower emotional well-being than the NAs/ENs (III). The formal caregivers' occupation, organizational climate and stress of conscience were associated with perceived quality of care (IV). Implications: The formal caregivers should have an awareness of the importance of kindness and respect, supporting the older people to retain control over their lives. The nursing managers should employ highly competent and adequate numbers of skilled formal caregivers, organize formal caregivers having round the clock continuity. Improvements of organizational climate and stress of conscience are of importance for good quality of care.

Från ord till rörelser och dans : en analys av rörelsekunnandet i en dansuppgift

I artikeln redovisar vi ett exempel på hur kunnande, som kommer till uttryck då elever redovisar en dansuppgift, kan analyseras och bidra till vår förståelse av detta kunnande såväl som till ett artikulerat språk att använda vid utvecklingen av undervisningen. En utgångspunkt är att kunskaper om kunnande är en nödvändig grund för att förbättra undervisningen. En annan utgångspunkt är att det råder brist på sådan kunskap. Eleverna (ca 12 år gamla) var indelade i tre grupper som fick en uppgift där de med utgångspunkt i två meningar skulle skapa en dans genom att översätta varje ord till en rörelse och därefter sammanfoga ord-rörelserna. Vi presenterar resultaten av en fenomenografisk analys som grundar sig på en videoinspelning av dessa redovisningar.

The panorama and outcomes of reported pregnancies within a well defined population in rural Vietnam 1999-2004

Background Pregnancy outcomes in the general population are important public health indicators. Purpose The overall aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of reported pregnancies within a well-defined population, to identify risk groups for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to suggest preventive measures. Method A prospective population-based cohort study of pregnant women in Bavi district, Vietnam between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2004. Results Pregnancy outcome was reported for 5,259 cases; 4,152 (79%) resulted in a live birth, 67 (1.3%) in a stillbirth, 733 (14%) in an induced abortion, and 282 (5.4%) in a spontaneous abortion. There was an increased risk of home delivery for women from ethnic minorities (OR?=?1.85; 95%CI?=?1.06–3.24) or with less than 6 years of schooling (OR?=?7.36; 95%CI?=?3.54–15.30). The risk of stillbirth was increased for ethnic minorities (OR?=?6.34; 95%CI?=?1.33–30.29) and women delivering at home (OR?=?6.81; 95%CI?=?2.40–19.30). The risk of induced abortion increased with maternal age. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the public health significance of access to adequate family planning, counselling, and maternal health care for all women. Policies should specifically target women from high-risk groups.

Lifestyle and health status in a sample of Swedish women four years after pregnancy : a comparison of women with a history of normal pregnancy and women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Despite the recommendations to continue the regime of healthy food and physical activity (PA) postpartum for women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the scientific evidence reveals that these recommendations may not be complied to. This study compared lifestyle and health status in women whose pregnancy was complicated by GDM with women who had a normal pregnancy and delivery. Methods: The inclusion criteria were women with GDM (ICD-10: O24.4 A and O24.4B) and women with uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery in 2005 (ICD-10: O80.0). A random sample of women fulfilling the criteria (n = 882) were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. A questionnaire was sent by mail to eligible women approximately four years after the pregnancy. A total of 444 women (50.8%) agreed to participate, 111 diagnosed with GDM in their pregnancy and 333 with normal pregnancy/ delivery. Results: Women with previous GDM were significantly older, reported higher body weight and less PA before the index pregnancy. No major differences between the groups were noticed regarding lifestyle at the follow-up. Overall, few participants fulfilled the national recommendations of PA and diet. At the follow-up, 19 participants had developed diabetes, all with previous GDM. Women with previous GDM reported significantly poorer self-rated health (SRH), higher level of sick-leave and more often using medication on regular basis. However, a history of GDM or having overt diabetes mellitus showed no association with poorer SRH in the multivariate analysis. Irregular eating habits, no regular PA, overweight/obesity, and regular use of medication were associated with poorer SRH in all participants. Conclusions: Suboptimal levels of PA, and fruit and vegetable consumption were found in a sample of women with a history of GDM as well as for women with normal pregnancy approximately four years after index pregnancy. Women with previous GDM seem to increase their PA after childbirth, but still they perform their PA at lower intensity than women with a history of normal pregnancy. Having GDM at index pregnancy or being diagnosed with overt diabetes mellitus at follow-up did not demonstrate associations with poorer SRH four years after delivery.

Maternal health care professionals perspective on the provision and use of antenatal and delivery care : a qualitative descriptive study in rural Vietnam

Background. High quality maternal health care is an important tool to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Services offered should be evidence based and adapted to the local setting. This qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives and experiences of midwives, assistant physicians and medical doctors on the content and quality of maternal health care in rural Vietnam. Method. The study was performed in a rural district in northern Vietnam. Four focus group discussions with health care professionals at primary health care level were conducted. The data was analysed using qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. Result. Two main themes emerged: "Contextual conditions for maternal health care" and "Balancing between possibilities and constraints". Contextual conditions influenced both pregnant women's use of maternal health care and health care professionals' performance. The study participants stated that women's uses of maternal health care were influenced by economical constraints and cultural norms that impeded their autonomy in relation to childbearing. Structural constraints within the health care system included inadequate financing of the primary health care, resulting in lack of human resources, professional re-training and adequate equipment. Conclusion. Contextual conditions strongly influenced the performance and interaction between pregnant women and health care professionals within antenatal care and delivery care in a rural district of Vietnam. Although Vietnam is performing comparatively well in terms of low maternal and child mortality figures, this study revealed midwives' and other health care professionals' perceived difficulties in their daily work. It seemed maternal health care was under-resourced in terms of staff, equipment and continuing education activities. The cultural setting in Vietnam constituting a strong patriarchal society and prevailing Confucian norms limits women's autonomy and reduce their possibility to make independent decisions about their own reproductive health. This issue should be further addressed by policy-makers. Strategies to reduce inequities in maternal health care for pregnant women are needed. The quality of client-provider interaction and management of pregnancy may be strengthened by education, human resources, re-training and provision of essential equipment.

Att prata ihop sig i rätten

Negotiating experience in the court How do judges assess witness credibility, and how do they proceed to reach sustainable conclusions in a criminal court? This article is based on discussions in four focus groups with lay judges in Swedish district courts. In criminal court trials, a version of an event is generally reinforced if it is confirmed by witnesses. However, if their narratives are too similar, none of them is found trustworthy. The focus group participants agreed that if witnesses were suspected of having discussed their individual experiences of an event and accommodated them into a common story, their testimonies were not considered credible. While testimonies should ideally be untainted by other people’s impressions and opinions, other rules govern the truth of the court. The lay judges appreciated their deliberations, including negotiations on impressions and memories of the trial, and they sometimes adjusted their perceptions in the light of information provided by other members of the court. However, if the lay judges are viewed as witnesses of what takes place in the trial, this gives rise to a paradox: While witness negotiations on experiences are regarded as a means to construct a false or biased story, the same kind of interaction between the judges is considered necessary to establish a consensual truth of what actually happened.