Relación entre la globalización y la internacionalización financiera: el caso de las empresas vascas

[ES] Cada vez es mayor el número de empresas que optan por acudir a mercados financieros exteriores, tanto al objeto de obtener financiación en mejores condiciones, como para realizar inversiones más atractivas que las disponibles dentro de las fronteras nacionales. La decisión de internacionalizar el área financiera de la empresa puede ser el resultado de una estrategia específica orientada al aprovechamiento de las oportunidades que ofrece el proceso de globalización financiera, que se está desarrollando de forma vertiginosa los últimos años.

La gestión empresarial como factor clave de desarrollo de las spin-offs universitarias. Análisis organizativo y financiero

[ES] En las últimas décadas el número de spin-offs universitarias creadas en el Sistema Universitario Español ha aumentado considerablemente; sin embargo, estas empresas tienen que hacer frente a problemas como la falta de financiación o de capacidades empresariales por parte de los fundadores. A partir de los datos extraídos de una encuesta a 72 spin-offs creadas en España, tratamos de detectar y analizar cuáles son los problemas más habituales con los que se encuentran estas empresas, y proponemos posibles vías de solución.

The structure and the dynamics of poly(vinyl methyl ether) PVME and in PVME concentrated water solution : a study by neutron scattering and fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations

175 p. : il.

Effect of Cattail (Typha domingensis) Extracts, Leachates, and Selected Phenolic Compounds on Rates of Oxygen Production by Salvinia (Salvinia minima)

Salvinia (Salvinia minima Willd.) is a water fern found in Florida waters, usually associated with Lemna and other small free-floating species. Due to its buoyancy and mat-forming abilities, it is spread by moving waters. In 1994, salvinia was reported to be present in 247 water bodies in the state (out of 451 surveyed public waters, Schardt 1997). It is a small, rapidly growing species that can become a nuisance due to its explosive growth rates and its ability to shade underwater life (Oliver 1993). Any efforts toward management of salvinia populations must consider that, in reasonable amounts, its presence is desirable since it plays an important role in the overall ecosystem balance. New management alternatives need to be explored besides the conventional herbicide treatments; for example, it has been shown that the growth of S. molesta can be inhibited by extracts of the tropical weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and its purified toxin parthenin (Pande 1994, 1996). We believe that cattail, Typha spp. may be a candidate for control of S. minima infestations. Cattail is an aggressive aquatic plant, and has the ability to expand over areas that weren't previously occupied by other species (Gallardo et al. 1998a and references cited there). In South Florida, T. domingensis is a natural component of the Everglades ecosystem, but in many cases it has become the dominant marsh species, outcompeting other native plants. In Florida public waters, this cattail species is the most dominant emergent species of aquatic plants (Schardt 1997). Several factors enable it to accomplish opportunistic expansion, including size, growth habits, adaptability to changes in the surroundings, and the release of compounds that can prevent the growth and development of other species. We have been concerned in the past with the inhibitory effects of the T. domingensis extracts, and the phenolic compounds mentioned before, towards the growth and propagation of S. minima (Gallardo et al. 1998b). This investigation deals with the impact of cattail materials on the rates of oxygen production of salvinia, as determined through a series of Warburg experiments (Martin et al. 1987, Prindle and Martin 1996).

Paralelo biológico entre el pejerrey de la laguna de Lobos y el del Río de la Plata (zona frente a Cambaceres).

Estudio biológico comparativo de los pejerreyes de la laguna de Lobos y del Río de la Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (PDF tiene 15 paginas.)

Introducción al análisis financiero de la empresa

Duración (en horas): De 41 a 50 horas. Destinatario: Estudiante y Docente

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype 18 variants in patients with clinical manifestations of HPV related infections in Bilbao, Spain

Background:Human papillomavirus (HPV) variants differ in their biological and chemical properties, and therefore, may present differences in pathogenicity. Most authors classified variants based on the phylogenetic analysis of L1 region. Nevertheless, recombination in HPV samples is becoming a usual finding and thus, characterizing genetic variability in other regions should be essential. Objectives:We aimed to characterize the genetic variability of HPV 18 in 5 genomic regions: E6, E7, E4, L1 and the Upstream Regulatory Region (URR), working with both single infection and multiple HPV infection samples. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV 18 variants in our region and look for possible existence of recombination as well as analyze the relationship between these variants and the type of lesion. Methods: From 2007 to 2010, Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Department analyzed 44 samples which were positive for HPV 18. Genetic variability was determined in PCR products and variants were assigned to European, Asian-amerindian or African lineage. Recombination and association of variants with different types of lesion was studied. Results: Genetic analysis of the regions revealed a total of 56 nucleotide variations. European, African and Asian-amerindian variants were found in 25/44 (56.8%), 10/44 (22.7%) and 5/44 (11.4%) samples, respectively. We detected the presence of recombinant variants in 2/44 (4.5%) cases. Samples taken from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H-SIL) only presented variants with specific-african substitutions. Conclusions: Multiple HPV infection, non-european HPV variants prevalence and existence of recombination are considered risk factors for HPV persistence and progression of intraepithelial abnormalities, and therefore, should be taken into consideration in order to help to design and optimize diagnostics protocols as well as improve epidemiologic studies. Our study is one of the few studies in Spain which analyses the genetic variability of HPV18 and we showed the importance of characterizing more than one genomic region in order to detect recombination and classify HPV variants properly

Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, learning capacity and cognition in patients with first episode psychosis

Background: Cognitive impairments are seen in first psychotic episode (FEP) patients. The neurobiological underpinnings that might underlie these changes remain unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels are associated with cognitive impairment in FEP patients compared with healthy controls. Methods: 45 FEP patients and 45 healthy controls matched by age, gender and educational level were selected from the Basque Country area of Spain. Plasma BDNF levels were assessed in healthy controls and in patients. A battery of cognitive tests was applied to both groups, with the patients being assessed at 6 months after the acute episode and only in those with a clinical response to treatment. Results: Plasma BDNF levels were altered in patients compared with the control group. In FEP patients, we observed a positive association between BDNF levels at six months and five cognitive domains (learning ability,immediate and delayed memory, abstract thinking and processing speed) which persisted after controlling for medications prescribed, drug use, intelligence quotient (IQ) and negative symptoms. In the healthy control group, BDNF levels were not associated with cognitive test scores. Conclusion: Our results suggest that BDNF is associated with the cognitive impairment seen after a FEP. Further investigations of the role of this neurotrophin in the symptoms associated with psychosis onset are warranted.

Learning in Immersive worlds: A review of game-based learning

The report has been produced to inform practitioners who are considering using games and simulations in their practice. Towards this end, the work includes a review of the literature and a series of case studies from practice to illustrate the range of uses of games and to synthesise key issues and themes arising from learning in immersive worlds.

Distribución y requerimientos ecológicos de la especie fúngica Clathrus archeri

Clathrus archeri es una especie fúngica alóctona cada vez más habitual en nuestro territorio durante los últimos años, por lo que se ha considerado necesario realizar un estudio de su situación actual y su comportamiento en la CAPV, con el fin de valorar si se trata de una especie invasora. Se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo exhaustivo de recopilación de datos bibliográficos a partir de los cuales se han recogido 243 registros dispersos por todo el territorio. El estudio de dichos datos revela una gran expansión de C. archeri, desde su primera aparición en Billabona, por el País vasco y áreas limítrofes. Dada su capacidad para dispersarse y establecer un gran número de nuevas poblaciones, Clathrus archeri ha pasado de ser una especie casual a ser una especie invasora. Esta especie saprobia presenta un amplio rango de requerimientos ecológicos limitándose a zonas con climas templados, caracterizados por precipitaciones abundantes todo el año, y evitando en todo caso la sequía estival. Así, Clathrus archeri ha sido encontrado tanto en lugares antropizados como en bosques autóctonos bien establecidos por lo que se considera importante realizar un seguimiento de esta especie y, debido al desconocimiento de su impacto sobre las comunidades nativas, estudiar su repercusión en los ecosistemas que coloniza.

Cannabis use and involuntary admission may mediate long-term adherence in first-episode psychosis patients: a prospective longitudinal study

Background: This study aimed to examine factors associated with treatment adherence in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients followed up over 8 years, especially involuntary first admission and stopping cannabis use. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study of FEP patients collected data on symptoms, adherence, functioning,and substance use. Adherence to treatment was the main outcome variable and was categorized as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. Cannabis use during follow-up was stratified as continued use, stopped use, and never used. Bivariate and logistic regression models identified factors significantly associated with adherence and changes in adherence over the 8-year follow-up period. Results: Of the 98 FEP patients analyzed at baseline, 57.1% had involuntary first admission, 74.4% bad adherence,and 52% cannabis use. Good adherence at baseline was associated with Global Assessment of Functioning score (p = 0.019), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (p = 0.017) and voluntary admission (p < 0.001). Adherence patterns over 8 years included: 43.4% patients always bad, 26.1% always good, 25% improved from bad to good. Among the improved adherence group, 95.7% had involuntary first admission and 38.9% stopped cannabis use. In the subgroup of patients with bad adherence at baseline, involuntary first admission and quitting cannabis use during follow up were associated with improved adherence. Conclusions: The long-term association between treatment adherence and type of first admission and cannabis use in FEP patients suggest targets for intervention to improve clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of salmon and steelhead spawning habitat quality in the South Fork Trinity River Basin, 1997

Sediment sampling was used to evaluate chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) spawning habitat quality in the South Fork Trinity River (SFTR) basin. Sediment samples were collected using a McNeil-type sampler and wet sieved through a series of Tyler screens (25.00 mm, 12.50 mm, 6.30 mm, 3.35 mm, 1.00 mm, and 0.85 mm). Fines (particles < 0.85 mm) were determined after a l0-minute settling period in Imhoff cones. Thirteen stations were sampled in the SFTR basin: five stations were located in mainstem SFTR between rk 2.1 and 118.5, 2 stations each were located in EF of the SFTR, Grouse Creek, and Madden Creek, and one station each was located in Eltapom and Hayfork Creeks. Sample means for fines(particles < 0.85 mm) fer SFTR stations ranged between 14.4 and 19.4%; tributary station sample mean fines ranged between 3.4 and 19.4%. Decreased egg survival would be expected at 4 of 5 mainstem SFTR stations and at one station in EF of SFTR and Grouse Creek where fines content exceed 15%. Small gravel/sand content measured at all stations were high, and exceed levels associated with reduced sac fry emergence rates. Reduction of egg survival or sac fry emergence due to sedimentation in spawning gravels could lead to reduced juvenile production from the South Fork Trinity River. (PDF contains 18 pages.)

Association between CASP8-652 6N Del Polymorphism (rs3834129) and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Results from a Multi-Centric Study

The common 2652 6N del variant in the CASP8 promoter (rs3834129) has been described as a putative low-penetrance risk factor for different cancer types. In particular, some studies suggested that the deleted allele (del) was inversely associated with CRC risk while other analyses failed to confirm this. Hence, to better understand the role of this variant in the risk of developing CRC, we performed a multi-centric case-control study. In the study, the variant 2652 6N del was genotyped in a total of 6,733 CRC cases and 7,576 controls recruited by six different centers located in Spain, Italy, USA, England, Czech Republic and the Netherlands collaborating to the international consortium COGENT (COlorectal cancer GENeTics). Our analysis indicated that rs3834129 was not associated with CRC risk in the full data set. However, the del allele was under-represented in one set of cases with a family history of CRC (per allele model OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.90) suggesting this allele might be a protective factor versus familial CRC. Since this multi-centric case-control study was performed on a very large sample size, it provided robust clarification of the effect of rs3834129 on the risk of developing CRC in Caucasians.

Introducción a la economía de la empresa

1.Alumnos de primer curso de la Licenciatura de Administración de Empresas. 2.Alumnos de la Licenciatura de Economía que quieran acercarse al estudio de temas relacionados con la administración de Empresas. 3.Cualquier persona que se acerque por primera vez al estudio de aspectos relacionados con la administración- gestión empresarial. El presente material recoge los siguientes aspectos: 1.Programa de la asignatura. 2.Planteamiento de las competencias que pueden ser adquiridas con la ayuda del material que se presenta. 3.Planteamiento de objetivos particulares para cada una de las partes en la que se ha divido el material, que se corresponde con las diferentes áreas funcionales de la empresa. 4.Desarrollo de cada uno de los temas que figuran en el programa. 5.Bibliografía utilizada para la elaboración del material y que puede ser utilizada en caso de que las personas que utilicen el material quieran profundizar en alguno de los temas que se presenta.

Economía de la empresa : dirección

Este trabajo pretende ser de utilidad para cualquier, en general, persona interesada en profundizar en la toma de decisiones. Se combina un planteamiento cuantitativo de la toma de decisiones con un planteamiento cualitativo sobre aspectos personales del decisor. En particular puede ser utilizado como material docente en asignaturas, tanto de la Licenciatura en Administración y Dirección de Empresas como de la Licenciatura en Economía, que aborden la toma de decisión empresarial. El material se estructura en cinco capítulos: •En el primer capítulo, se justifica la existencia de empresas, frente al sistema de asignación de recursos del mercado, y el papel de la dirección. •En el segundo capítulo, se razona bajo que criterios los individuos deciden entrar a formar parte de una empresa, u organización. Asimismo, se presenta el concepto y proceso de decisión. •En el tercer capítulo se destaca la importancia de la generación, recogida y gestión de información como paso previo a la adopción de una decisión. •En el cuarto capítulo se trata de modelizar el esquema mental de resolución de problemas, para lo cuál se utilizarán representaciones como las matrices de decisión y los árboles de decisión. •En el quinto, y último capítulo, se aborda el concepto de negociación, como proceso que permite integrar distintos objetivos individuales en una unidad de decisión y una acción colectiva.