Vykopirovka s plana Seĭtlerskoĭ dachi razverstani︠ia︡ Kr.A.S.SD.R., na uchastok zemli otvedennyĭ KOMZET'u (Beǐs-Lekhem), pri provedenii rabot po zemreforme v 1930 g.

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Vykopirovka s plana Seĭtlerskoĭ dachi razverstani︠ia︡, Kr.A.S.SD.R., na uchastok zemli otvedennyĭ KOMZET'u (s -Kh. ART. "Rabotnik" - Aranda), pri provedenii rabot po zemreforme v 1930 g.

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Chertezh zemlepol'zovahi︠ia︡ Komzet'a pri der. Kheǐrus, Seǐtlerskogo raǐona, Kr.A.S.SD.R., po proektu zemleustroǐstva 1930 g. po Ichkinskoǐ dache razverstani︠ia︡, v sos.tave Belokoshskogo sevooborotnogo uchastka

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Vykopirovka s plana Seĭtlerskoǐ dachi razverstani︠ia︡ Kr.A.S.SD.R., na uchastok zemli otvedennyĭ KOMZET'u (s.-kh. art. "Vozrazhdenie" - Krasn. Burlak), pri provedenii rabot po zemreforme v 1930 g.

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Vykopirovka s plana Seĭtlerskoǐ dachi razverstani︠ia︡ Kr.A.S.SD.R., na uchastok zemli otvedennyĭ KOMZET'u, pri provedenii rabot po zemreforme v 1930 g.

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Karta Kr.A.S.S.R. uchastkov zemli otvedennykh KOMZET'u

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Dependence Logic: Investigations into Higher-Order Semantics Defined on Teams

This thesis is a study of a rather new logic called dependence logic and its closure under classical negation, team logic. In this thesis, dependence logic is investigated from several aspects. Some rules are presented for quantifier swapping in dependence logic and team logic. Such rules are among the basic tools one must be familiar with in order to gain the required intuition for using the logic for practical purposes. The thesis compares Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé (EF) games of first order logic and dependence logic and defines a third EF game that characterises a mixed case where first order formulas are measured in the formula rank of dependence logic. The thesis contains detailed proofs of several translations between dependence logic, team logic, second order logic and its existential fragment. Translations are useful for showing relationships between the expressive powers of logics. Also, by inspecting the form of the translated formulas, one can see how an aspect of one logic can be expressed in the other logic. The thesis makes preliminary investigations into proof theory of dependence logic. Attempts focus on finding a complete proof system for a modest yet nontrivial fragment of dependence logic. A key problem is identified and addressed in adapting a known proof system of classical propositional logic to become a proof system for the fragment, namely that the rule of contraction is needed but is unsound in its unrestricted form. A proof system is suggested for the fragment and its completeness conjectured. Finally, the thesis investigates the very foundation of dependence logic. An alternative semantics called 1-semantics is suggested for the syntax of dependence logic. There are several key differences between 1-semantics and other semantics of dependence logic. 1-semantics is derived from first order semantics by a natural type shift. Therefore 1-semantics reflects an established semantics in a coherent manner. Negation in 1-semantics is a semantic operation and satisfies the law of excluded middle. A translation is provided from unrestricted formulas of existential second order logic into 1-semantics. Also game theoretic semantics are considerd in the light of 1-semantics.

Vykopirovka s proektnogo plana Kurmanskoĭ D.R. Dzhankoĭskogo raĭona

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Komplexa tal - vad är det?

Komplexa tal har traditionellt undervisats i de finländska gymnasierna som en valbar kurs. Denna situation har förändrats i och med de nya läroplanerna som tagits i bruk senast hösten 2005. Den nya, striktare läroplanen ger inte lika stora valmöjligheter för skolorna att bestämma undervisningsstoffet, inte ens för de valbara kurserna, och därför har många gymnasier varit tvungna att sluta undervisa om komplexa tal. För att fortsättningsvis ge en möjlighet för gymnasieelever att studera komplexa tal finns detta kompendium. Kompendiet fyller två syften. I de gymnasier där komplexa tal fortfarande finns med i läroplanen kan kompendiet användas som läromedel på ifrågavarande kurs. Kompendiet torde vara önskat eftersom det inte existerar något modernt, finlandssvenskt läromedel där de komplexa talen tas upp. Kompendiets andra, huvudsakliga syfte är att finnas till att ge en möjlighet för de elever, som inte går ett gymnasium där komplexa tal undervisas, att på egen hand lära sig grunder om komplexa tal. Kunskap om utvidgandet av talområdet från reella talen till komplexa hör till matematisk allmänbildning, och är till stor nytta om man är intresserad av att fortsätta studera matematik eller naturvetenskaper efter gymnasiet. Kompendiet kommer att läggas ut på nätet för att få det lättillgängligt. I det första kapitlet behandlas matematikens uppkomst. Det andra kapitlet är en introduktion till varför man behöver komplexa tal, där gås tal- och mängdlära igenom samtidigt som de i kompendiet använda beteckningarna introduceras. I det tredje kapitlet behandlas de komplexa talen; grundläggande räkneregler, absolutbelopp och argument, komplexa tal i polär form och lösning till högregradsekvationer är centrala begrepp. de Moivers formel är ett av de viktigare målen, även Eulers formel behandlas kort. Problematik med negativa kvadratrötter tas också upp. Det fjärde kapitlet handlar om de komplexa talens intressanta historia. I kompendiet finns rikligt med exempel och övningsuppgifter. Kapitel fem innehåller extra övningsuppgifter och i kapitel sex finns lösningarna till samtliga uppgifter. Trots att kompendiets omfång avsevärt ökas i och med dessa lösningar är det av värde att de finns med för att kompendiets huvudsakliga syfte skall uppfyllas: att eleverna på egen hand skall kunna lära sig stoffet.

Correspondence with N.H. Gould, Newport, R.I.

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Temperature-dependence of 35Cl N.Q.R. in sodium chloroacetate

N.q.r. in sodium chloroacetate has been investigated at temperatures from 77 K to room temperature (c.300 K). A single line has been observed throughout this temperature range. Torsional frequencies of the molecule have been calculated in the above temperature range from Bayer's theory. Also the temperature coefficient of the torsional frequencies has been calculated by Brown's method.

Kirkon vai valtion kirjat? : Uskontokuntasidonnaisuuden ongelma Suomen väestökirjanpidossa 1839-1904

The Population Register – run by the Church or the state? The problem posed by the obligation to belong to a religious community in the registration of births and deaths in Finland between 1839 and 1904 The Lutheran Church of Finland is the nation’s largest church; approximately 82 per cent of Finns were members in 2007. The Church ran an official register of its members until 1999, when the state then undertook this task. The registration of births and deaths by the Church has a long history dating back to the 17th century, when Bishop Johannes Gezelius Sr. decreed that all parish members would have to be recorded in parish registers. These registers were used to control how well parish members knew the Christian doctrine and, gradually, also if they were literate. Additionally, the Church attempted to ensure by means of the parish registers that parish members went to Holy Communion annually. Since everyone was a member of the Lutheran Church, the state also took advantage of the parish registers and used them for the purposes of tax collection and conscription. The main research theme of “The Population Register – run by the Church or the state?” goes back to these times. The actual research period covers the years of 1839–1904. At that time Finland was under Russian rule, although autonomous. In the late 19th century the press and different associations in Finland began to engage in public debate, and the country started moving from a submissive society to a civic one. The identity of the Lutheran Church also became more prominent when the Church Act and the General Synod were realised in 1869. A few years earlier, municipal and parish administrations had been separated, but the general registration of births and deaths was left to the Church to see to. In compliance with the constitution of the country, all the inhabitants in principle still had to be Lutheran. In practice, the situation was different. The religious and ideological realms diversified, and the Lutheran concept of religion was no longer acceptable to everyone. The conflict was reflected in the registration of births and deaths, which was linked to the Lutheran Church and its parish registers. Nobody was allowed to leave the Church, there was no civil register, and the Lutheran Church did not consent to record unbaptized children in the parish registers. Therefore such children were left without civil rights. Thus the obligation to belong to a religious community had become a problem in the registration of births and deaths. The Lutheran clergy also appealed to the 1723 privileges, according to which they had been exempted from the drawing up of additional population registers. In 1889 Finland passed the Dissenters Act. By virtue of this act the Baptists and the Methodists left the state Church, but this was not the case with the members of the free churches. The freethinkers had to retain their church membership, as the law did not apply to them. This meant that the unbaptized children of the members of the free churches or those of freethinkers were still not entered in any registers. The children were not able to go to school, work for the state or legally marry. Neither were they able to inherit property, as they did not legally exist. The system of parish registers was created when everyone was required to be a member of the Lutheran Church, but it did not work when liberal attitudes eventually penetrated the sphere of religion, too. The government´s measures to solve the problem were slow and cautious, partly because Finland was part of Russia, partly because there were only about 100 unbaptized children. As the problem group was small and the state´s resources were limited, no general civil register was established. The state accepted the fact that in spite of the problems, the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the congregations of dissenters were the only official establishments to run populations registers in the country, and for social purposes, too. In 1900 the Diet of Finland finally approved a limited civil register, which unbaptized children and unregistered foreigners would be recorded in. Due to political reasons the civil register did not come into existence until 1917, after the actual research period.

Eru Ilúvatar : Jumala J.R.R. Tolkienin legendariumissa

The purpose of my research is to inquire into the essence and activity of God in the legendarium of the English philologist and writer J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973). The legendarium, composed of Tolkien’s writings related to Middle-earth, was begun when he created two Elvish languages, Quenya based on Finnish, Sindarin based on Welsh. Tolkien developed his mythology inspired by Germanic myths and The Kalevala. It is a fictional ancient history set in our world. The legendarium is monotheistic: God is called Eru ‘The One’ and Ilúvatar ‘Father of All’. Eru is the same as the Christian God, for Tolkien wanted to keep his tales consistent with his faith. He said his works were Christian by nature, with the religious element absorbed into the story and the symbolism. In The Silmarillion, set in the primeval ages of Middle-earth, the theological aspects are more conspicuous, while in The Lord of the Rings, which brings the stories to an end, they are mostly limited to symbolic references. The legendarium is unified by its realistic outlook on creaturely abilities and hope expressing itself as humbly defiant resistance. ”The possibility of complexity or of distinctions in the nature of Eru” is a part of the legendarium. Eru Ilúvatar is Trinitarian, as per Tolkien’s faith. Without contextual qualifiers, Eru seems to refer to God the Father, like God in the Bible. Being the creator who dwells outside the world is attributed to Him. The Holy Spirit is the only Person of the Trinity bestown with names: the Flame Imperishable and the Secret Fire. When Eru creates the material world with His word, He sends the Flame Imperishable to burn at the heart of the world. The Secret Fire signifies the Creative Power that belongs to God alone, and is a part of Him. The Son, the Word, is not directly mentioned, but according to one writing Eru must step inside the world in order to save it from corruption, yet remain outside it at the same time. The inner structure of the legendarium refers to the need for a future salvation. The creative word of Eru, “Eä! Let these things Be!”, probably has a connection with the Logos in Christianity. Thus we can find three “distinctions” in Eru: a Creator who dwells outside the world, a Sustainer who dwells inside it and a Redeemer who shall step inside it. Some studies of Tolkien have claimed that Eru is distant and remote. This seems to hold water only partially. Ilúvatar, the Father of All, has a special relation with the Eruhíni, His Children, the immortal Elves and the mortal Men. He communicates with them directly only through the Valar, who resemble archangels. Nevertheless, only the Children of Eru can fight against evil, because their tragic fortunes turn evil into good. Even though religious activities are scarce among them, the fundamental faith and ultimate hope of the “Free Peoples” is directed towards Eru. He is present in the drama of history as the “Author of the Story”, who at times also interferes with its course through catastrophes and eucatastrophes, ‘good catastrophes’. Eru brings about a catastrophe when evil would otherwise bring good to an end, and He brings about a eucatasrophe when creaturely strength is not sufficent for victory. Victory over corruption is especially connected with mortal Men, of whom the most (or least) insignificant people are the Hobbits. However, because of the “primeval disaster” (that is, fall) of Mankind, ultimate salvation can only remain open, a hope for the far future.

R U there yet? using virtual classrooms to transform teaching practice

Access to quality higher education is challenging for many Western Australians that live outside the metropolitan area. In 2010, the School of Education moved to flexible delivery of a fully online Bachelor of Education degree for their non -metropolitan students. The new model of delivery allows access for students from any location provided they have a computer and an internet connection. A number of academic staff had previously used an asynchronous environment to deliver learning modules housed within a learning management system (LMS) but had not used synchronous software with their students. To enhance the learning environment and to provide high quality learning experiences to students learning at a distance, the adoption of synchronous software (Elluminate Live) was introduced. This software is a real-time virtual classroom environment that allows for communication through Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and videoconferencing, along with a large number of collaboration tools to engage learners. This research paper reports on the integration of a live e-learning solution into the current LMS environment. Qualitative data were collected from academic staff through informal interviews and participant observation. The findings discuss (i) perceived level of support; (ii) identification of strategies used to create an effective online teacher presence; (iii) the perceived impact on the students' learning outcomes; and (iv) guidelines for professional development to enhance pedagogy within the live e-learning environment.