La planificación para satisfacer las necesidades de los niños de América Latina en materia de alimentos y nutrición = Planning for the food and nutrition needs of children in Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

La familia frente a las necesidades de los niños y adolescentes en el desarrollo nacional = The family vis-a-vis the needs of children and adolescents in national development

Incluye Bibliografía

Indicadores sobre la situación de la infancia en América Latina y el Caribe = Indicators on the situation of children in Latin America and the Caribbean

Asistente de Investigación Eliana Barraza, traducción de Marjorie Casassus

Rights of children and adolescents with disabilities

Rights of children and adolescents with disabilities Until not long ago, children with disabilities were made fun of, hidden away and, all too often, the victims of violence. Fortunately, this state of affairs has improved thanks to changes in the way disability is viewed and to the ratification, by 23 countries in the region, of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).

The right of children and adolescents to a healthy environment. A diagnosis from Latin America and the Caribbean

Healthy environment: unresolved debts that affect childhood and adolescenceIn this new edition, we point out the right of children and adolescents to live in a healthy environment with emphasis on adequate access to drinking water and sanitation, including diagnosis as well as policy perspective. It is our contribution to the challenges set out by the Millennium Development Goals and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Memórias de saberes construídos no processo de se constituir professor em Vila Que Era (Bragança-Pará)

Este estudo apresenta registro e reflexões sobre a trajetória de formação docente de um professor do campo aposentado que atuou na década de 80 e 90 na Localidade de Vila Que Era, próximo ao Município de Bragança, nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Como fonte para recontar e relembrar parte de sua trajetória docente foi necessário rememorar as histórias de vida do sujeito em questão, sendo a memória um elemento revitalizador de lembranças. Para esse estudo foi preciso percorrer pela trajetória da Educação do Campo no Brasil, na perspectiva de visualizar se as políticas públicas que foram desenvolvidas atendem as necessidades desse segmento e de que maneira essas políticas contemplaram a formação continuada de professores no Brasil. Como objetivo geral, analisei como se deu a trajetória de formação docente de um professor do campo aposentado para conhecer saberes presentes nas suas práticas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e para obtenção dos dados foi realizado trabalho de campo com entrevistas parcialmente estruturadas, com observação participante, para analisar através de narrativas do entrevistado que, ao relembrar as histórias de vida sua e da localidade, indicam o processo de constituir professor e traçar um perfil identitário do mesmo, levando em consideração a importância que esta localidade representa para seus moradores, haja vista que a mesma possui 400 anos de existência, e carrega consigo, uma enorme história de tradição religiosa e cultural. Para suporte teórico dialogamos com alguns teóricos que discutem sobre identidade, formação de professores, memórias, educação do campo como Almeida (2007), Brandão (1988), Boaventura (2004), Bosi (2004), Caldart, Josso (2004), Soares (2002), Freire (2005), Hall (2006) Chauí (2007) entre outros. Por fim, conclui que ao longo de sua trajetória docente o professor utilizou o ambiente, a cultura local, a tradição, os saberes prévios dos alunos como eixos norteadores na construção da sua prática educativa. Outra realidade constatada neste trabalho, foi a respeito da ausência de políticas públicas para atender as necessidades das escolas do campo e também a falta de formação de professores como prioridade para suprir as demandas do campo e oportunizar melhorias na educação de crianças, jovens e adultos.

Evaluation of fecal microorganisms of children with cleft palate before and after palatoplasty

This study isolated and quantified intestinal bacteria of children with cleft palate before and after palatoplasty. A prospective study was conducted from May 2007 to September 2008 on 18 children with cleft palate, aged one to four years, of both genders, attending a tertiary cleft center in Brazil for palatoplasty, to analyze the effect of surgical palate repair on the concentration of anaerobes Bacteroides sp, Bifidobacterium sp and microaerophiles Lactobacillus sp in feces of infants with cleft palate before and 24 hours after treatment with cefazolin for palatoplasty. There was significant reduction of Lactobacillus sp (p < 0.002), Bacteroides sp (p < 0.001) and Bifidobacterium sp (p = 0.021) after palatoplasty, revealing that surgery and utilization of cefazolin significantly influenced the fecal microbiota comparing collections before and after surgery. However, due to study limitations, it was not possible to conclude that other isolated factors, such as surgical stress, anesthetics and other medications used in palatoplasty might have a significant influence on the microbiota. Considering the important participation of the intestinal microbiota on both local and systemic metabolic and immunological activities of the host, professionals should be attentive to the possible influence of these changes in patients submitted to cleft repair.

Analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

THE MAPPING IN THE CONTINUING EDUCATION OF TEACHERS: AN EXPERIENCE THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING

In this work, we show the experience of continuing teacher education in Cartography in the period from 03/11/2009 to 03/11/2010, it was held by the Center for Continuing Education in Mathematics Education, Science and Environment (CECEMCA) - UNESP - Rio Claro, in DL (Distance Learning). This experience was through the extension course set in TelEduc platform. The course was titled Introduction to Cartography and aimed primarily: Present concepts of systematic and thematic mapping and its potential application in teaching practices, increase knowledge in the areas of Geography, Cartography and Environment; Offer alternatives for implementing content mapping in the classroom.

Auditory perceptual performance of children in the identification of contrasts between stressed vowels

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dental development of children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate

Aim: To evaluate the dental development of Brazilian children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate. Methods: The sample consisted of 107 panoramic radiographs of children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (cleft group) and 107 panoramic radiographs of children and adolescents without cleft lip and/or palate (control group), with chronological ages ranging from 6 to 15 years, matched in gender and chronological age within 60 days. Radiographs were digitized and masked and dental age was assessed using the method described by Demirjian et al. (1973). Three trained examiners conducted the assessments. Each examiner evaluated the radiographs three times. Data were statistically analyzed using non-parametric tests and univariate linear regression (p<0.05). Results: The dental age was overestimated in relation to the chronological age in both groups (p<0.0001). Compared to the control group, there was a delay in the dental age in the cleft group of 0.17 years (2.1 months). However, no statistically significant difference in the dental age between the cleft and the control group was found even when considering the different cleft types (p=0.152). Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the dental age between the cleft and the control groups. The evaluation of dental development in individuals with cleft lip and palate should be approached in the same way as in individuals without clefts, with a focus on the individualization of diagnosis and treatment planning.

Cardiac autonomic modulation of children with down syndrome

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Access of children to the oral health service

Dental caries still affect a considerable proportion of children, however the epidemiological profile of oral diseases is changing, social inequalities cause different disease patterns. The same problems occur for the use of services, which damage those who are more susceptible to oral diseases in numerous ways. To verify the association between the variables: socioeconomic condition, oral health and access to dental services providing oral health care for preschool children. The study population consisted of 2,759 children up to 6 years-old. The clinical exams followed the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The data were collected using a self-applied questionnaire, answered by the carers of children, with questions about socioeconomic variables and access to dental services. In terms of social class, a majority of the subjects came from the middle socioeconomic level (babies, 84.7%; children, 82.8%). Babies who had caries, 48.4% and 67.2% of the children that had decayed teeth had access to dental service. There was a association between the variables: the reason for the last dental appointment and the parent's perception of the treatment need of their children (babies p=0.0004 and children p < 0.0001); the parent's perception of the treatment need of their children and the oral health condition (babies p=0.0008 and children p < 0.0001); access to dental services and oral health condition (babies p=0.0021 and children p < 0.0001). The majority of the population studied sought care from public dental service and was from the middle class.

Assessment of the effects of a parental intervention with mothers of children with internalizing problems

The present study assesses the effects of a semi-structured intervention held exclusively with mothers and its effects on internalizing problems, social skills of children, and positive and negative parenting practices. The single subject experimental design with three participants was adopted. The three mothers had, in baseline, children diagnosed with internalizing and externalizing problems. The instruments used were CBCL, RE-HSE-P, QRSH-Pais and PHQ-9, they were performed in baseline, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. The intervention held is characterized as semi-structured for it promotes the development of parental practices that are considered positive by the literature on behavior problems, however, contingently to the difficulties and demands of each case. The number of sessions performed for each case was 14, 15 and 17, which lasted about two hours each. The data were analyzed according to the instruments' norms and under the perspective of each singular case. The results found include remission of internalizing problems, increase in frequency of the children's social skills, increase in frequency of positive parental practices, and decrease in variability of negative parental practices. All the improvements were maintained on the six months follow-up, with the exception of variability on the negative parental practices of one client. Results are discussed in a context of mental health promotion and indicate the need for strategies to prevent internalizing problems in children.