Zur Geschichte der Juden in Einbeck : Vortrag gehalten am 4. Dezember 1901 im Verein für Geschichte und Altertümer der Stadt Einbeck und Umgegend

von Wilhelm Feise

De finantieele positie van den israel. godsdienstonderwijzer : Rede uitgespr. op de 8e algemeene vergadering van "Achawah" ... te Hilversum, op Dinsdag 14 Menachem 5656 (30 Juli 1901)

door A. van Creveld

"Was hat die jüdische Gemeinde Königsbergs König Friedrich I. im besondern zu verdanken?" : Vortrag, gehalten am 15. Januar 1901 im Verein für jüd. Geschichte u. Litteratur zu Königsberg i. Pr.

von Ed. Birnbaum

History of the ancient synagogue of the Spanish and Portuguese jews : the Cathedral Synagogue of the jews in England situate in Bevis Marks ; a memorial vol. wirtten spec. to celebrate the 200. anniversary of its inaug., 1701 - 1901

by Moses Gaster

Geschichte der Juden in Riga bis zur Begründung der Rigischen Hebräergemeinde im J. 1842

von Anton Buchholtz. Hrsg. von d. Ges. f. Gesch. u. Alterthumskunde d. Ostseeprovinzen Russlands

The Rabbinate of the Great Synagogue, London : from 1756 - 1842

by C. Duschinsky

Les juifs algériens : (1870 - 1901)

par Louis Durieu

The trouble with quality filtering based on relative Cramér-Rao lower bounds.

Cramér Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) have become the standard for expression of uncertainties in quantitative MR spectroscopy. If properly interpreted as a lower threshold of the error associated with model fitting, and if the limits of its estimation are respected, CRLB are certainly a very valuable tool to give an idea of minimal uncertainties in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), although other sources of error may be larger. Unfortunately, it has also become standard practice to use relative CRLB expressed as a percentage of the presently estimated area or concentration value as unsupervised exclusion criterion for bad quality spectra. It is shown that such quality filtering with widely used threshold levels of 20% to 50% CRLB readily causes bias in the estimated mean concentrations of cohort data, leading to wrong or missed statistical findings-and if applied rigorously-to the failure of using MRS as a clinical instrument to diagnose disease characterized by low levels of metabolites. Instead, absolute CRLB in comparison to those of the normal group or CRLB in relation to normal metabolite levels may be more useful as quality criteria. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ueber hebräische Inkunabeln : Vortrag geh. in der bibliothekar. Sektion d. 46. Versamml. deutscher Philologen u. Schulmänner z. Strassburg am 3. Okt. 1901

von A. Freimann

Genetics of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a multifactorial and polygenic disease. Affected horses are typically 7 years of age or older and show exercise intolerance, increased breathing effort, coughing, airway neutrophilia, mucus accumulation and hyperreactivity as well as cholinergic bronchospasm. The environmental factors responsible are predominantly allergens and irritants in haydust, but the immunological mechanisms underlying RAO are still unclear. Several studies have demonstrated a familiar predisposition for RAO and it is now proven that the disease has a genetic basis. In offspring, the risk of developing RAO is 3-fold increased when one parent is affected and increases to almost 5-fold when both parents have RAO. Segregation analysis in two high-prevalence families demonstrated a high heritability and a complex inheritance with several major genes. A whole genomescan showed chromosome-wide significant linkage of seven chromosomal regions with RAO. Of the microsatellites, which were located near atopy candidate genes, those in a region of chromosome 13 harboring the IL4R gene were strongly associated with the RAO phenotype in the offspring of one RAO-affected stallion. Furthermore, IgE-levels are influenced by hereditary factors in the horse, and we have evidence that RAO-affected offspring of the same stallion have increased levels of specific IgE against moldspore allergens. The identification of genetic markers and ultimately of the responsible genes will not only allow for an improved prophylaxis, i.e. early identification of susceptible individuals and avoidance of high-risk matings, but also improve our ability to find new therapeutic targets and to optimize existing treatments.

Climate-pollen relationships AD 1901-1996 in two small mires near the forest limit in the northern and central Swiss Alps

Climatic relationships were established in two 210Pb dated pollen sequences from small mires closely surrounded by forest just below actual forest limits (but about 300 m below potential climatic forest limits) in the northern Swiss Alps (suboceanic in climate; mainly with Picea) and the central Swiss Alps (subcontinental; mainly Pinus cembra and Larix) at annual or near-annual resolution from ad 1901 to 1996. Effects of vegetational succession were removed by splitting the time series into early and late periods and by linear detrending. Both pollen concentrations detrended by the depth-age model and modified percentages (in which counts of dominant pollen types are down-weighted) are correlated by simple linear regression with smoothed climatic parameters with one-and two-year timelags, including average monthly and April/September daylight air temperatures and with seasonal and annual precipitation sums. Results from detrended pollen concentrations suggest that peat accumulation is favoured in the northern-Alpine mire either by early snowmelt or by summer precipitation, but in the central-Alpine mire by increased precipitation and cooler summers, suggesting a position of the northern-Alpine mire near the upper altitudinal limit of peat formation, but of the central-Alpine mire near the lower limit. Results from modified pollen percentages indicate that pollen pro duction by plants growing near their upper altitudinal limit is limited by insufficient warmth in summer, and pollen production by plants growing near their lower altitudinal limit is limited by too-high temperatures. Only weakly significant pollen/climate relationships were found for Pinus cembra and Larix, probably because they experience little climatic stress growing 300 m below the potential climatic forest limit.