Impact of carbon dioxide pressurization on liquid phase organic reactions: A case study on Heck and Diels-Alder reactions

Heck coupling reactions of methyl acrylate with various aryl bromides have been investigated using a Pd/TPP catalyst in toluene under pressurized CO2 conditions up to 13 MPa. Although CO2 is not a reactant, the pressurization of the reaction liquid phase with CO2 has positive and negative impacts on the rate of Heck coupling depending on the structures of the substrates examined. In the case of either 2-bromoacetophenone or 2-bromocinnamate, the conversion has a maximum at a CO2 pressure of about 3 MPa; for the former, it is much larger by a factor of 3 compared with that under ambient pressure. For 2-bromobenzene, in contrast, the conversion is minimized at a similar CO2 pressure, being half compared with that at ambient pressure

Impact of Carbon Dioxide Pressurization on Liquid Phase Organic Reactions: A Case Study on Heck and Diels–Alder Reactions

Heck coupling reactions of methyl acrylate with various aryl bromides have been investigated using a Pd/TPP catalyst in toluene under pressurized CO2 conditions up to 13 MPa. Although CO2 is not a reactant, the pressurization of the reaction liquid phase with CO2 has positive and negative impacts on the rate of Heck coupling depending on the structures of the substrates examined. In the case of either 2-bromoacetophenone or 2-bromocinnamate, the conversion has a maximum at a CO2 pressure of about 3 MPa;

Pt/C催化剂对乙醇电氧化的粒径效应

利用有机溶胶方法,通过控制溶剂挥发温度制备了具有不同粒径大小的Pt/C催化剂.制得的Pt/C催化剂中,Pt粒子具有非常优异的均一性和良好的分散度.电化学研究表明,对于乙醇的电催化氧化,Pt/C催化剂存在着明显的粒径效应.当Pt粒子粒径为3.2nm时,Pt/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化的质量比活性最佳.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的研究显示,Pt/C催化剂对乙醇氧化的粒径效应与其零价Pt含量以及Pt粒子的比表面积密切相关.

傅立叶变换拉曼光谱和红外光谱鉴别塑料

用傅立叶变换拉曼光谱、衰减全反射红外光谱和近红外光谱结合OPUS/Ident软件对添加不同填料、不同助剂的塑料进行鉴别分类。结果表明:分子光谱结合化学计量学鉴别塑料是一种快速可靠的方法。其中拉曼光谱和衰减全反射红外光谱能够直接区分样品,而近红外光谱非常类似,不能直接区分。但是用OPUS/Ident软件中的W ard算法处理这3种光谱后,得到的树形图能够将样品准确分类。

Studies on the solution structures of lanthanide(III) complexes of DTPA-BIN by NMR

The solution structures of diamagnetic lanthanide (III) complexes of DTPA-BIN (Ln = La, Y, Lu, Sc) have been investigated by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and 2D NMR. For each complex, two or more species of asymmetric conformations with little distinction were identified at room temperature. And their solution structures vary with the radius of the central metals. NMR spectra support the hypothesis that Sc3+ with smaller radius formed an eight-coordinated structure with DTPA-BIN, La3+ with larger radius formed nine- or ten-coordinated structures with DTPA-BIN, and Y (DTPA-BIN) and Lu (DTPA-BIN) had nine-coordinated solution structures. The solution structure of Gd (DTPA-BIN) was obtained from the similarity of radius between Gd3+ and Y3+, which is a nine-coordinated structure formed by three nitrogens, three acetate oxygens, two acetyl oxygens, one water molecule and a gadolinium(III) cation.

核磁共振法研究DTPA-BIN稀土配合物的溶液结构

用核磁共振方法研究了抗磁稀土配合物 Ln( DTPA-BIN) ( Ln=La,Y,Lu,Sc)的水溶液结构 . 1 H和1 3 C NMR谱的谱形特征表明 ,每一种配合物在水溶液中存在着两种以上不对称的异构体 ,异构体之间的差别较小 .并由 Y3+ 与 Gd3+ 离子半径的相似性推测出 Gd( DTPA-BIN)的溶液结构 ,即 DTPA-BIN分子提供 8个配位点 :3个骨架氮、 3个乙羧基氧及 2个酰胺氧 ,1个水分子占据另一个配位点 ,从而与 Gd3+ 形成了九配位结构 .溶液结构随中心金属离子半径不同而呈规律性变化

越野移动机器人自动驾驶专家系统的研究

本文研究越野移动机器人驾驶专家系统等有关问题．首先介绍了系统的硬件支持环境，然后阐述了自动驾驶专家系统的总体结构，有关知识库的内容以及使用知识的各功能模块的作用与运行机理．该系统已部分得以应用，能够完全代替驾驶员完成各种驾驶操作，并能进行自主导航、运动规划、自动绕障、动态跟踪目标、原路返回以及示教再现等复杂任务。

广西都安瑶族自治县农业可持续发展的生态安全评价

以广西都安瑶族自治县为例,建立都安农业可持续发展生态安全评价指标体系,对都安农业可持续发展进行生态安全评价,进而作出生态安全区划,并提出了不同生态安全区的土地利用与生态安全建设对策。

喀斯特低热河谷石漠化区环境梯度的小气候效应——以贵州花江峡谷区小流域为例

对典型喀斯特石漠化小流域区4 种石漠化等级(潜在(L) 、轻度(SL) 、中度(M) 、强度(ST) ) 样地的小气候特征进行了监测,对比分析了它们的气温、相对湿度、光强分布和土壤温度、湿度分布状况和日变化动态。结果表明,各等级石漠化样地内光照强度、气温及其变动幅度的大小顺序为ST > M >SL > L ;土温和土壤湿度及其变动幅度为M > ST > SL > L ;大气相对湿度及其变动幅度为ST > M > SL> L 。强度石漠化样地内日平均相对湿度雨季仅76 % ,旱季只有51 % ,分别与潜在石漠化相差13 %和35 %;光照强度为潜在的4 倍以上;雨季气温高3 ℃;表土(5 cm) 土温最高相差1615 ℃;日均表土含水率低4197 %。随着石漠化程度的加深,退化生态系统的环境调蓄能力逐渐减弱。

Automatic 3d free form shape matching using the graduated assignment algorithm.

Liu, Yonghuai. Automatic 3d free form shape matching using the graduated assignment algorithm. Pattern Recognition, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1615-1631, 2005.

Proteomic analysis of the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus: causative agent of cystic hydatid disease

Gustavo Chemale, Arjan J. van Rossum, James R. Jefferies, John Barrett, Peter M. Brophy, Henrique B. Ferreira, Arnaldo Zaha (2003). Proteomic analysis of the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus: causative agent of cystic hydatid disease. Proteomics, 3(8), 1633-1636. Sponsorship: CNPq / PADCT/CNPq / FAPERGS (Brazil)/ BBSRC (UK) RAE2008

Annales del Reyno de Navarra

Signaturas: *6, A-F4, G2, H-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Z4, 4A-4Z4, 5A-5D4, 5E2, 5F4 ; *5, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Y4, Z2, 4A4 ; *5, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Z4, 4A-4N4, 4O5 ; *5, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Z4, 4A-4O4, 4P2, 4Q1, 4R4 ; *5, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3M4, *2, A-S4.

Coronica general de la Orden de San Benito, Patriarca de Religiosos

Colofón en v.1, v.2, v.5, v.6, y v.7.

Image Digestion and Relevance Feedback in the ImageRover WWW Search Engine

ImageRover is a search by image content navigation tool for the world wide web. The staggering size of the WWW dictates certain strategies and algorithms for image collection, digestion, indexing, and user interface. This paper describes two key components of the ImageRover strategy: image digestion and relevance feedback. Image digestion occurs during image collection; robots digest the images they find, computing image decompositions and indices, and storing this extracted information in vector form for searches based on image content. Relevance feedback occurs during index search; users can iteratively guide the search through the selection of relevant examples. ImageRover employs a novel relevance feedback algorithm to determine the weighted combination of image similarity metrics appropriate for a particular query. ImageRover is available and running on the web site.

Understanding student stress: a qualitative study of the stress experienced by third level students

Stress can be understood in terms of the meaning of stressful experiences for individuals. The meaning of stressful experiences involves threats to self-adequacy, where self-adequacy is considered a basic human need. Appropriate research methods are required to explore this aspect of stress. The present study is a qualitative exploration of the stress experienced by a group of 27 students at the National Institute of Higher Education, Limerick (since renamed the University of Limerick). The study was carried out by the resident student counsellor at the college. A model of student stress was explored, based on student developmental needs. The data consist of a series of interviews recorded with each of the 27 students over a 3 month period. These interviews were transcribed and the resulting transcripts are the subject of detailed analysis. The analysis of the data is an account of the sense-making process by the student counsellor of the students' reported experiences. The aim of the analysis was to reduce the large amounts of data to their most salient aspects in an ordered fashion, so as to examine the application of a developmental model of stress with this group of students. There were two key elements to the analysis. First, the raw data were edited to identify the key statements contained in the interviews. Second, the statements were categorised, as a means of summarising the data. The results of the qualitative dataanalysis were then applied to the developmental model. The analysis of data revealed a number of patterns of stress amongst the sample of students. Patterns of academic over-identification, parental conflict and social inadequacy were particularly noteworthy. These patterns consisted of an integration of academic, family and social stresses within a developmental framework. Gender differences with regard to the need for separateness and belonging are highlighted. Appropriate student stress intervention strategies are discussed. Based on the present results, the relationship between stress and development has been highlighted and is recommended as a firm basis for future studies of stress in general and student stress in particular.