El rol del conocimiento y de las habilidades intelectuales generales en la adquisición del aprendizaje complejo

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es examinar la relación existente entre la habilidad intelectual y la habilidad de organización del conocimiento dentro de un modelo más general sobre los factores explicativos de la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades. Se trata de comprobar si se produce un efecto compensatorio entre la habilidad intelectual general y la habilidad para organizar el conocimiento, así como establecer si el aprendizaje de los sujetos que obtienen un mayor conocimiento en un dominio particular viene predicho/explicado por las mismas variables que explican el aprendizaje de los sujetos que obtienen un menor conocimiento. Los resultados, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, indican que no se produce un efecto de interacción entre ambos factores, sino más bien un efecto aditivo. No obstante, sí se observa que el efecto de la inteligencia no es el mismo en los distintos niveles de conocimiento adquirido.

Psychometric properties of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version in Spanish secondary education students

Background: The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) can be applied in different fields of psychology. However, due to the inventory’s administration time, it may not be useful in certain situations. To address this concern, the present study developed a short version of the SAI (the SAI-SV). Method: This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version (SAI-SV) using a sample of 2,367 (47.91% boys) Spanish secondary school students, ranging from 12 to 18 years of age. To analyze the dimensional structure of the SAI-SV, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated for SAISV scores. Results: A correlated three-factor structure related to school situations (Anxiety about Aggression, Anxiety about Social Evaluation, and Anxiety about Academic Failure) and a three-factor structure related to the response systems of anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Behavioral Anxiety) were identified and supported. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined to be appropriate. Conclusions: The reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of SAI-SV scores was satisfactory.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the School Attitude Assessment Survey-Revised

Background: The assessment of attitudes toward school with the objective of identifying adolescents who may be at risk of underachievement has become an important area of research in educational psychology, although few specific tools for their evaluation have been designed to date. One of the instruments available is the School Attitude Assessment Survey-Revised (SAAS-R). Method: The objective of the current research is to test the construct validity and to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SAAS-R. Data were collected from 1,398 students attending different high schools. Students completed the SAAS-R along with measures of the g factor, and academic achievement was obtained from school records. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of variance tests supported the validity evidence. Conclusions: The results indicate that the Spanish version of the SAAS-R is a useful measure that contributes to identification of underachieving students. Lastly, the results obtained and their implications for education are discussed.

Palladium(II) complexes with a phosphino-oxime ligand: synthesis, structure and applications to the catalytic rearrangement and dehydration of aldoximes

The treatment of [PdCl2(COD)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with 1 and 2 equivalents of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde oxime in dichloromethane at room temperature led to the selective formation of [PdCl2{κ2-(P,N)-2-Ph2PC6H4CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH}] (1) and [Pd{κ2-(P,N)-2-Ph2PC6H4CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH}2][Cl]2 (2), respectively, which represent the first examples of Pd(II) complexes containing a phosphino-oxime ligand. These compounds, whose structures were fully confirmed by X-ray diffraction methods, were active in the catalytic rearrangement of aldoximes. In particular, using 5 mol% complex 1, a large variety of aldoximes could be cleanly converted into the corresponding primary amides at 100 °C, employing water as solvent and without the assistance of any cocatalyst. Palladium nanoparticles are the active species in the rearrangement process. In addition, when the same reactions were performed employing acetonitrile as solvent, selective dehydration of the aldoximes to form the respective nitriles was observed. For comparative purposes, the catalytic behaviour of an oxime-derived palladacyclic complex has also been briefly evaluated.

Las antigüedades de las ciudades de España : que van nombradas en la Corónica con las averiguaciones de sus sitios y nombres antiguos /

Contiene : Relación del viage que Ambrosio de Morales, cronista de S.M. hizo por su mandado el año de 1752 en Galicia y Asturias, publicado la primera vez por... Enrique Florez en Madrid en el año de 1765 y reimpreso por Don Benito Cano en 1792.

Special employment centers in Castile and León 2007-2013: effects of the crisis in relation to these centers’ registered legal personalities

The aim of this paper is to carry out an economic and financial study of the Special Employment Centres in Castile and León based on a classification of these entities’ registered legal personalities in order to view how the economic crisis that began at the end of 2007 may have affected them. Various items from the Centres’ financial statements are analysed and the results are compared to those from the period 2007-2013 as to provide a broader perspective of their size, development, growth and behaviour. The following economic figures were used: total assets, turnover and revenue. The variable “employment” is compared with the subsidies received by the Centres, showing that the crisis does affect the Centres depending on their registered legal personalities. Associations and physical persons are the most affected personalities, to the point of possible extinction. An account reversal for the Centres is also included in this article, which measures the percentage of public aid received by the Centres that is returned to society.

“Esto es lo que me gusta y lo que voy a estudiar”: Un estudio cualitativo sobre la toma de decisiones académicas en bachillerato

Durante la educación secundaria los estudiantes comienzan a explorar las ocupaciones y expectativas profesionales, forman sus creencias de autoeficacia y consolidan sus intereses académicos. En este contexto, el artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en el Principado de Asturias para conocer las percepciones y opiniones que tienen los estudiantes de bachillerato y sus progenitores sobre las elecciones académicas realizadas en la educación secundaria, haciendo especial hincapié en los factores contextuales que pueden ayudar u obstaculizar el desarrollo de la carrera. Se ha usado una metodología cualitativa fundamentada en el uso de la técnica del grupo de discusión. Se han organizado cinco grupos de discusión con estudiantes y dos grupos con progenitores. El total de personas que participó en las entrevistas focales fue de 51 estudiantes y de 14 padres/madres. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que el bachillerato sigue siendo considerado la puerta de acceso a la universidad y no a la formación profesional de grado superior. También se concluye que los estudiantes fundamentan sus decisiones académicas sobre la base de la preferencia y gusto personal por determinada opciones y esta razón prevalece sobre otras como las salidas profesionales o el rendimiento académico previo. Respecto a la influencia de distintos agentes sociales en el proceso de decisión académica, los resultados son concluyentes al afirmar que el principal apoyo de los estudiantes son sus progenitores, por encima del que perciben encontrar de docentes y grupo de iguales. El artículo finaliza con algunas sugerencias para mejorar la práctica de la orientación educativa en las instituciones de educación secundaria.

The economic activities and functional organization of the Asturias coast

This paper proposes a methodology for analyze coastal territories focused on the functional analysis. It establishes analysis and diagnosis procedures for the activities of a coastal territory, and organizes its monitoring during time, allowing a consistent definition for the coastal territories as engines spaces or integrated spaces

40 20th Century Spanish Sculptresses

This article presents a compilation of female artists who carried out their sculptural work during the twentieth century. With a brief presentation of each of them I want to implement visibility and the importance of incorporating their works to the collective imagery in order to be added to Spanish contemporary arts history. Some of them have public monuments of great popular recognition but their names have not been mentioned yet. Some others have “minor” works but they were relevant teachers to other artists. A few of them have extensive monographs about their life and their works. While others have almost gone unnoticed, but the proof of their professional career’s existence seems fundamental to us and they must be incorporated to history either through text books, university research works, ideally achieving a supported research project, to provide them the visibility their works and their vital trajectories deserve.

Quintus Curtius before his sources: the episode of Alexander and the Scythians on the Tanais

Quintus Curtius found in his sources a speech where a Scythian censured Alexander, followed by the King’s reply. Curtius drastically abridged this second discourse in order to highlight the criticism of the Macedonian. The Scythian’s words have a striking rhetorical language and some allusions taken from Greek literature, in addition to possible indirect references to Caligula. Curtius declares that he follows his source word-for-word aiming to justify these inconsistencies, but also trying to hide the manipulations he has done to achieve his own narrative purposes.

Los requisitos para acceder a las magistraturas locales con base en los escritos de los juristas clásicos

El presente trabajo debe insertarse en la actividad efectuada por el Grupo de Investigación del sistema universitario vasco IT 546-10.

El sistema de transporte público en Andorra 2004-2015

El Principado de Andorra reúne una serie de circunstancias geográficas y socio-demográficas que hacen que su movilidad revista características muy peculiares. Tras el preceptivo análisis diagnóstico, la reordenación de la red de autobuses, base de la movilidad cotidiana, y la implantación de nuevas formas de gestión del sistema de transporte, con la incorporación al mismo del concepto de servicio público, son claves para el buen funcionamiento y potenciación del sistema de transporte urbano en su conjunto.

Factores psicosociales y tipo de voluntariado

El propósito de este trabajo es, en primer lugar, estudiar la existencia de diferencias entre diversos tipos de voluntariado en ciertas variables relevantes en la explicación de este fenómeno; y, en segundo lugar, identificar cuáles de estas variables pueden aumentar la predicción de la permanencia en función del tipo de voluntariado. Un total de 290 voluntarios completaron un cuestionario y posteriormente colaboraron en dos seguimientos telefónicos para evaluar su permanencia en la organización. Los resultados muestran que los voluntarios ecologistas y socioasistenciales difieren significativamente en diversas variables, y que no son las mismas variables, ni las mismas relaciones las que permiten incrementar la predicción de la permanencia en cada tipo de voluntariado.

A água na paisagem natural e antrópica

O crescimento da população gerou a ocupação de grandes áreas da superfície terrestre que provocaram alterações nas paisagens naturais. A apropriação desordenada do território, tendo em conta os espaços urbanos e rurais, trouxe vários impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. As linhas de água são os ecossistemas mais utilizados pelo homem ao longo da história, pela água, pesca, transporte, … e que simultaneamente vai modelando a paisagem pelas alterações do estado físico e modificações nas superfícies por onde corre. O sistema ribeirinho é constituído por vários ecossistemas, relacionados entre si e que são identificados transversalmente. Ao longo do ano é possível identificar, numa linha de água, três níveis: o de cheia durante o escoamento máximo anual no período das chuvas, o médio ao longo do ano e o de estiagem com o escoamento mínimo no pico do verão. Nas margens, a zonagem das espécies ripárias, está relacionada com a altitude, a unidade bioclimática, a distância do “eixo de humidade”, a geomorfologia, o tipo de solos e a matéria orgânica, entre outros fatores. Nas galerias ripícolas do Alentejo são frequentes cinco comunidades vegetais com grande diversidade de espécies, cujas presenças estão relacionadas com os níveis de água ao longo do ano e o tipo de solo: a) Choupais (Populus nigra), em solos sujeitos a prolongados encharcamentos. b) Salgueirais de borrazeiras pretas (Salix atrocinerea), em ribeiras com regime torrencial. c) Amiais (Alnus glutinosa), em solos com toalha freática à superfície. d) Freixiais (Fraxinus angustifolia) em solos húmidos, a comunidade mais comum no Alentejo. A vegetação marginal constitui um sistema elástico importante na proteção mecânica das margens contra o desgaste normal das águas, porque as mantêm seguras, protege o leito, favorece a riqueza piscícola e purifica as águas. Na proteção com sistemas rígidos e impermeáveis, verifica-se um elevado custo e estabilidade ameaçada nos pontos de contacto com as margens naturais, impede a comunicação natural entre a água que corre no leito do rio e a que se desloca em toda a largura do vale, provocando alterações no lençol freático. São vários, os valores associados à paisagem ribeirinha e, a titulo de exemplo, destacam-se: a) Simbólico: o Taj Mahal nas margens do rio Yamuna em Agra – Índia, classificado como Património da Humanidade pela UNESCO (1980) e a ponte Hintze Ribeiro destinada a unir as margens de Entre-os-Rios, em Penafiel e Castelo de Paiva, sobre o rio Douro e que colapsou em 4 de março de 2001, num acidente que provou 59 mortes. b) Histórico: a ponte medieval de San Martín (séc. XIV.) em Toledo – Espanha; o açude e termas romanas do séc. I a IV a.C., na Herdade de Almagrassa (Pisões) – Portugal e a villa romana da Tourega (séc. I a IV) que pertenceu ao senador Julius Maximus (Ivlivs Maximvs), como consta da lapide funerária encontrada na N. Sra. da Tourega (Évora) – Portugal. c) Mítico: a ponte romana em Cangas de Onís com a Cruz de la Victoria no principado de Astúrias – Espanha. d) Cultural: a atividade diária nas margens do rio Kottayam no distrito de Kerala – Índia; um fim de semana na margem do rio Danúbio na cidade de Viena – Aústria; as várzeas de rios goeses: Loutulim (Rio Zuari), Benaulim (represa de Komollam Tollem) e Betul (rio Sal) (Goa) – Índia e várzeas de rios cingaleses (região de Kandy) – Sri Lanka. e) Turístico: o palácio real de verão mandado construir pelo marajá Jagat Singh II (1734-1751) na ilha de Jag Niwas (1,5 ha) no lago Pichola. No fim da década de 60, tornou-se num dos mais famosos hotéis românticos do mundo, o Lake Palace Hotel – Índia e a queda de água de Karpuzkaldiran próximo da cidade de Antalya, cujo acesso é feito por escadas ou de barco – Turquia.